Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 2009: Vol 37 Table of Contents

2009·2.8 MB·English

Journal of Clinical Ultrasound
Contents
Volume 37, 2009
Volume 37, Number 1, January 2009
REVIEW
Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic Cancer
Adrian Saftoiu and Peter Vilmann
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Reappraisal of Endosonography of Ampullary Tumors: Correlation with
Transabdominal Sonography, CT, and MRI
Chien-Hua Chen, MD, Chi-Chieh Yang, MD, Yung-Hsiang Yeh, MD, Der-Aur Chou, MD, and Chiu-Kue Nien, MS
Biliary Fascioliasis: Sonographic Appearance Patterns
Ahmet Yesildag, Harun Yildiz, Mustafa Demirci, Ibrahim Goren, and Mehmet Isler
Thanatophoric Dysplasia: Role of 3-Dimensional Sonography
Pei-Yin Tsai, MD, Chiung-Hsin Chang, MD, Chen-Hsiang Yu, MD, Yueh-Chin Cheng,
and Fong-Ming Chang, MD, PhD
Endothelial Function in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus With
Different Degrees of Coronary Artery Stenosis
Iana I. Simova, MD, Stefan V. Denchev, PhD, Simeon I. Dimitrov, PhD, and Raia Ivanova, MD
CURRENT PRACTICE
Transvaginal Sonographic Diagnosis of Female Urethral Diverticula
Yong-Yang Wu, PhD, Yong-Zhong Li, MD, Qiang Wei, MD, Hong Li, MD, Geng-Yu Hang, MB, and Hong Shen, MD
CASE REPORTS
Primary Twin Ovarian Pregnancy: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Mandeep Kumar Garg, MD, FRCR, Sameer Vyas, MD, Ajay Gulati, MD, Ram Prakash Galwa, MD,
and Niranjan Khandelwal, MD, DNB
Prenatal Diagnosis of Ectopic Intrathoracic Kidney in a Fetus with
a Left Diaphragmatic Hernia
Britta Panda, MD, Victor Rosenberg, MD, Daniel Cornfeld, MD, and Robert Stiller, MD
Sonographic Findings of Uterine Rupture with Expulsion of the Fetus
into Broad Ligament
Vinod Yadav Attarde, MD, Parag Patil, MD, Ritu Chaudhari, MBBS, Narendra Zope, MD,
and Abhang Apte, MD
Sonography of Postpartum Uterine Inversion from Acute to Chronic Stage
Asif A. Momin, MD, DNB, DMRD, DMRE, Shenaz G. A. Saifi, MD, DMRE, Nargis R. Pethani, MD,
and Sharifa H. Mitha, MD
Sonographic Diagnosis of a Cervical Vagal Schwannoma
Thomas Le Corroller, MD, Fréderic Sebag, MD, Vincent Vidal, MD, Alexis Jacquier, MD,
Pierre Champsaur, MD, PhD, Jean Michel Bartoli, MD, and Guy Moulin, MD
High-Flow Priapism Complicating Ischemic Priapism Following Iatrogenic
Laceration of the Dorsal Artery during a Winter Procedure
Michele Bertolotto, Sandro Ciampalini, Paola Martingano, and Fabio Pozzi Mucelli
Volume 37, Number 2, February 2009
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Significance of Early Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Hepatic Cyst
Moshe Bronstein, MD, Khatib Nizar, MD, and Zeev Weiner, MD
A Biometric Study of the Fetal Orbit and Lens in Normal Pregnancies
Kanchapan Sukonpan, MD and Vorapong Phupong, MD
Sonographic Study of the Development of Fetal Corpus Callosum
in a Chinese Population
Hai-chun Zhang, MM, Jie Yang, MD, Zhong-ping Chen, MB, and Xiao-yan Ma, MB
Does the Presence of a Mesh Have an Effect on the Testicular Blood Flow
after Surgical Repair of Indirect Inguinal Hernia?
Selma Uysal Ramadan, MD, Dilek Gokharman, MD, Isil Tuncbilek, MD, Hilal Ozer, MD, Pinar Kosar, MD,
Mahmut Kacar, MD, Selim Temel, MD, and Ugur Kosar, MD
Evaluation of the Accuracy and Reliability of Two 3-Dimensional
Sonography Methods in Volume Measurement of Small Structures: An In
Vitro Phantom Study
Brian C.W. Kot, BSc, Damian M.H. Sin, BSc, and Michael Ying, PhD
Sonographic Assessment of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Benjamin Damarey, MD, Xavier Demondion, PhD, Nathalie Boutry, MD, Hee-Jin Kim, MD,
Guillaume Wavreille, MD, and Anne Cotten, PhD
CASE REPORTS
Two- and Three-Dimensional Prenatal Sonographic Diagnosis of Hepatic Cysts
Joseph R. Wax, MD, Charles K. Grimes, MD, Jacquelyn Blackstone, DO, Michael G. Pinette, MD,
and Angelina Cartin
Placenta Accreta in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: Sonographic Findings
Hong Soo Wong, MB BS, MMedSc, FRCOG, FRANZCOG, FHKAM(O&G), FHKCOG, DDU,
Jane Zuccollo, MB BCh BAO, MRCPA, John Tait, MB BS, FRCOG, FRANZCOG,
and Kevin Craig Pringle, MB ChB, FRACS
Spontaneous Unilateral Dizygotic Twin Tubal Pregnancy
Teresa Tam, MD and Ali Khazaei, MD
Prenatal Diagnosis of Trisomy 16 Mosaicism Manifested as Pulmonary Artery
Stenosis
Nobuhiro Hidaka, MD, Nari Yamamoto, MD, Kiyomi Tsukimori, MD, PhD, Satoshi Hojo, MD,
Satoshi O. Suzuki, MD, PhD, and Norio Wake, MD, PhD
Prenatal Diagnosis of Pentalogy of Cantrell in the First Trimester:
Is 3-Dimensional Sonography Needed?
Fernando Maia Peixoto-Filho, MD, Luciana Carneiro do Cima, MD, and Marcos Nakamura-Pereira, MD
Bilateral Renal Lymphangiomatosis: Sonographic Findings
Mohammad Hadi Bagheri, Zahra Zare, Sepideh Sefidbakht, Seyed Ali Nabavizadeh,
Arash Meshksar, Jamshid Roozbeh, and Mehdi Salehipour
Segmental Cystic Renal Disease: Sonographic and CT Findings
Baphira Wankhar, MD, Prem Pradeep Batchala, MD, and Stephen Sailo, MS, Mch
Pancreatic Arteriovenous Malformation: A Rare Manifestation
of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Gulen Demirpolat, MD, Ismail Oran, Gulgun Demirpolat, Sadik Tamsel, and Mustafa Parildar
Volume 37, Number 3, March/April 2009
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Sonographic Measurement of Cross-Sectional Area of the Median Nerve
in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Correlation with Nerve
Conduction Studies
Luz Moran, MD, Maria Perez, MD, Angel Esteban, MD, Jose Bellon, PhD, Beatriz Arranz, MD,
and Miguel del Cerro, MD
Natural Course of Hepatic Focal Nodular Hyperplasia: A Long-Term Follow-up
Study with Sonography
Yuan-Hung Kuo, MD, Jing-Houng Wang, MD, Sheng-Nan Lu, PhD, Chao-Hung Hung, MD, Yu-Ching Wei, MD,
Tsung-Hui Hu, PhD, Chien-Hung Chen, PhD, Yi-Hao Yen, MD, Chuan-Mo Lee, MD, and Hock-Liew Eng, MD
Safety and Efficacy of Sonographic-Guided Random Real-Time Core Needle
Biopsy of the Liver
Siddharth A. Padia, MD, Mark E. Baker, MD, Christopher J. Schaeffer, MD, PhD, Erick M. Remer, MD,
Nancy A. Obuchowski, PhD, Charles Winans, MD, and Brian R. Herts, MD
Gallbladder Wall Thickening in Patients with Acute Hepatitis
Ki Tae Suk, MD, Chul Han Kim, MD, Soon Koo Baik, MD, PhD, Moon Young Kim, MD, Dong Hun Park, MD, PhD,
Kyu Hong Kim, MD, Jae Woo Kim, MD, PhD, Hyun Soo Kim, MD, PhD, Sang Ok Kwon, MD, PhD,
Dong Ki Lee, MD, PhD, Kwang Hyup Han, MD, PhD, and Soon Ho Um, MD, PhD
PICTORIAL ESSAY
Sonography of the Pediatric Thyroid: A Pictorial Essay
Yun-Woo Chang, MD, Hyun Sook Hong, MD, and Deuk Lin Choi, MD
TECHNICAL NOTE
Sonographic Surface Localization of Subcutaneous Foreign Bodies and Masses
Stephanie A. Creel, BSRT(R), RDMS, RVT, Gandikota Girish, MBBS, David A. Jamadar, MBBS, Yoav Morag, MD,
and Jon A. Jacobson, MD
CORRESPONDENCE
Pitfall in the Diagnosis of Biliary Ascariasis
Naveen Kalra, MD, Ajay Gulati, MD, Niranjan Khandelwal, MD, DNB,
Ajay Duseja, MD, DM, Arunanshu Behra, MS, and Kusum Joshi, MD, PhD
Asymmetric Venous Engorgement of the Breast Due to a High Output
Hemodialysis Fistula
Muhammet Uzun, MD, Mehmet Koray Akkan, MD, Feyza Uzun, MD, and Devrim Karaosmanogu
Neurosonography to Detect Brain Injury in a Surviving Monochorionic
Twin After Demise of its Co-Twin
Nadav Schwartz, MD, Sean M. Keeler, MD, Shira Fishman, MD, and Ilan E. Timor-Tritsch, MD, RDMS
CASE REPORTS
Interstitial Pregnancy Undetected During Earlier First-Trimester Screening
for Fetal Aneuploidy at 13 Weeks’ Gestation
David M. Sherer, MD, Mudar Dalloul, MD, Margarita Sokolovski, RDMS, Dorota Borawski, MD,
Freda Granderson, RDMS, and Ovadia Abulafia, MD
First-Trimester Prenatal Sonographic Diagnosis of Omphalocele-Exstrophy-
Imperforate Anus-Spinal Defects Complex
Joseph R. Wax, MD, Michael G. Pinette, MD, Rosemarie Smith, MD, Angelina Cartin,
and Jacquelyn Blackstone, DO
Prenatal Identification of Isolated Bilateral Radial Dysplasia
Alfredo Mancuso, Annamaria Giacobbe, Antonio De Vivo, Giusi Fanara, and Giovanni Cocivera
Cardiac Amyloidosis in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report and
Review of Literature
David Sedaghat, MD, Ramzan M. Zakir, MD, Jin Choe, MD, Marc Klapholz, MD,
and Muhamed Saric, MD, PhD
Lipoma of the Right Atrium
Oyku Gulmez, MD, Seckin Pehlivanoglu, MD, Riza Turkoz, MD, Ebru Demiralay, MD,
and Burcak Gumus, MD
Volume 37, Number 4, May 2009
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Sonographic Features of Traumatic Neuromas after Neck Dissection
Jin Young Kwak, MD, Eun-Kyung Kim, MD, Min Jung Kim, MD, and Eunju Son, MD
Normal Ultrasound Anatomy of the Triangular Fibrocartilage of the Wrist:
A Study on Cadavers and on Healthy Subjects
Lionel Pesquer, MD, Michel Scepi, MD, PhD, Morgan Bihan, MD, Romain Vialle, MD, Jean Pierre Richer, MD,
Jérome Roumy, MD, and Jean-Pierre Tasu, MD, PhD
Sonography of the Shoulder in Hemiplegic Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation
after a Recent Stroke
Ya-Ping Pong, MD, Lin-Yi Wang, MD, Lin Wang, MD, Chau-Peng Leong, MD, Yu-Chi Huang, MD,
and Yu-Kuang Chen, MD
CORRESPONDENCE
Sternocleidomastoid Hematoma in an Adult: Sonographic Findings
Nabil S. Mahmood, MD, Hadihally B. Suresh, MD, and Rohanchandra R. Gatty, MCh
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Normal Reference Values of Ratios of Blood Flow Velocities in Internal Carotid
Artery to Those in Common Carotid Artery Using Doppler Sonography
Jan Kochanowicz, MD, PhD, Grzegorz Turek, MS, Robert Rutkowski, MS, Zenon Mariak, MD, PhD,
Piotr Szydlik, MD, PhD, Tomasz Lyson, MD, PhD, and Jaroslaw Krejza, MD, PhD
The Sandwich Sign of Nonlymphomatous Origin
Wan-Ching Lien, MD, Shih-Pei Huang, MD, PhD, Kao-Lang Liu, MD, Jia-How Chang, MD, Ting-I Lai, MD,
Yueh-Ping Liu, MD, and Hsiu-Po Wang, MD
Endometriomas in the Region of a Scar from Cesarean Section: Sonographic
Appearance and Clinical Presentation Vary with the Size of the Lesion
Giampiero Francica, MD, Ferdinando Scarano, MD, Luigi Scotti, MD, Giovanni Angelone, MD,
and Cristiano Giardiello, MD
CASE REPORTS
Flapping of the Dissected Intima in a Case of Traumatic Carotid Artery
Dissection in a Jackhammer Worker
Konstantinos Vadikolias, MD, PhD, John Heliopoulos, MD, PhD, Aspasia Serdari, MD,
Chrissanthi M. Vadikolia, MD, and Charitomeni Piperidou, MD, PhD
Bilateral Femoral Artery Aneurysms and Bilateral Common Femoral
Vein Thromboses
Michael A. Secko, MD and Michael B. Stone, MD, RDMS
Page Kidney after Renal Allograft Biopsy: Sonographic Findings
Eric Heffernan, MB BCh, Charles Zwirewich, MD, Alison Harris, MB BCh,
and Christopher Nguan, MD
Diagnosis of Recurrent Lung Cancer in the Mediastinum Using
Endosonographically Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Sandeep Singh, MD and Manika Thakur, MD
Unusual Sonographic Appearance of Synovial Sarcoma of the Anterior
Abdominal Wall
Tomonori Kishino, MD, Takeshi Morii, MD, Kazuo Mochizuki, MD, Emi Sudo, BSc, Kazuhiko Hirano, MD,
Mitsuhiro Okazaki, PhD, Kouki Ohtsuka, MD, Hiroaki Ohnishi, MD, Shuichi Kurihara, MD,
Masazumi Tsuneyoshi, MD, Yasunori Fujioka, MD, and Takashi Watanabe, MD
Infection of a Malignant Appendiceal Mucocele Masquerading as an
Appendiceal Abscess: Role of Preoperative Sonography and CT
Thomas E.F. Jongsma, MD and Julien B.C.M. Puylaert, MD, PhD
Metastasis to the Breast from an Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Yvonne Y. Ho, FRANZCR and Wai-Kit Lee, FRANZCR
Lymphoma of the Testis and Epididymis Mimics Chronic Inflammation
upon Sonography
Dal Mo Yang, MD, Hyun Cheol Kim, MD, Wook Jin, MD, Hyung Lae Lee, MD, and Gyo Young Kim, MD
Prenatal Diagnosis of Lissencephaly: A Case Report
Halil Aslan, MD, Kemal Gungorduk, MD, Dogukan Yildirim, MD, Oguz Aslan, MD, Gokhan Yildirim, MD,
and Yavuz Ceylan, MD
Volume 37, Number 5, June 2009
RESEARCH ARTICLES
“Empty” Sac in Pregnant Women with Bleeding: Are Measurements Answering
the Right Question?
Seerat Aziz, MD, Richard C. Cho, MD, Diana B. Baker, MD, Chloe Chhor, MD, and Roy A. Filly, MD
Three-Dimensional Sonography in the Prenatal Diagnosis of Aortic
Arch Abnormalities
Sifa Turan, MD, RDMS, Ozhan M. Turan, MD, PhD, Peccina Maisel, RDMS, RDCS, RT, Peter Gaskin, MD,
Chris R. Harman, MD, and Ahmet A. Baschat, MD
Comparison of 3-Dimensional with 2-Dimensional Saline Infusion
Sonohysterograms for the Evaluation of Intrauterine Abnormalities
Stephanie Terry, MD, Erika Banks, MD, Kemoy Harris, MD, Roger Duvivier, MD, and Pe’er Dar, MD
Sonographic Measurements of Subcutaneous Fat in Obese Individuals May
Correlate Better with Peripheral Artery Disease Indices
Serafim Tsitsilonis, MD, Ioannis S. Viachos, MPhil, Andromachi Bampali, MD, Konstantinos Revenas, MD,
Vassilios Votteas, MD, PhD, and Despina N. Perrea, PhD
Correction of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness for Adaptive Dependence
on Tensile Stress: Implication for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
Gilles N. Chironi, MD, PhD, Alain Simon, MD, Plamen Bokov, MD, and Jaime Levenson, MD
Transcranial Doppler Detection of Venous-to-Arterial Circulation Shunts: Criteria
for Patent Foramen Ovale
S. Sastry, MRCP, A. MacNab, MRCP, K. Daly, MRCS, MD, S. Ray, MD, and C. McCollum, MD
Should Transition Zone Biopsies Be Added to 12-Core Systematic Biopsies
of the Prostate?
Sung Il Hwang, MD, Hak Jong Lee, MD, Jeong Yeon Cho, MD, Seung Hyup Kim, MD, Sang Eun Lee, MD,
Seok-Soo Byun, MD, Sung Kyu Hong, MD, and Ghee Young Choe, MD
Comparison of B-Scan Sonographic Measurements of Optic Cup with
Fundus Photographic Measurements
Nadir Ali Mohamed Ali, MOphth, Visvaraja Subrayan, FRCOphth, Sagili Chandrasekhara Reddy, FRCOphth,
and Faizah Othman, Dip Med Tech
CORRESPONDENCE
Spontaneous Lateral Abdominal Wall Hematoma Presenting as an
Incidental Mass in a Young Adult
Nabil Sherif Mahmood, MD, Hadihally Byregowda Suresh, MD, Vinod Hegde, MD, and Viola D’Souza, MD
CASE REPORTS
The Chorionic Bump in an Ectopic Pregnancy
Benjamin E. Northrup, BS and Robert D. Harris, MD
Prenatal Sonographic Appearance of Truncus Arteriosus on Wide-Band
Doppler Imaging
Nobuhiro Hidaka, MD, Ai Anami, MD, Tomoyuki Yoshitomi, MD, Kiyomi Tsukimori, MD, PhD,
and Norio Wake, MD, PhD
Prenatal Sonographic Findings in a Fetus with Splenogonadal Fusion Limb
Defect Syndrome
Mustafa Basbug, MD, Hulya Akgun, MD, Mahmut Tuncay Ozgun, MD, Cagdas Turkyilmaz, MD,
Cem Batukan, MD, and Bulent Ozcelik, MD
Early Detection (9+6 Weeks) of Cardiac Failure in a Fetus Diagnosed as
Turner Syndrome by 2D Transvaginal Ultrasound-Guided Coelocentesis
Gabriele Tonni, MD, PhD, Daniela Azzoni, MD, Alessandro Ventura, MD, Claudio De Felice, MD,
and Maria Marinelli, MD
Primary Hemangiopericytoma of the Liver: Sonographic Findings
Settimo Caruso, MD, Salvatore Gruttadauria, MD, Marta Ida Minervini, MD, Roberto Miraglia, MD,
Mariapina Milazzo, MD, Angelo Luca, MD, and Bruno Gridelli, MD
Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation (SANT) of the Spleen:
Sonographic Finding
Andreas Gutzeit, MD, Gerhard Stuckmann, MD, and Corina Dommann-Scherrer, MD
Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of Superficial Temporal Artery: A Case Report
Suzi Su-Hsin Chen, PhD and Shri Kumar Prasad, DMU
Pseudoaneurysm of the Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery Diagnosed
by Sonography
Bodil Damgaard, MD, Michel Court-Payen, MD, PhD, Lone Larsen, MD, and Gunnar Lausten, MD
Volume 37, Number 6, July/August 2009
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Bibliometric Analysis of Ultrasound Research Trends over the Period
of 1991 to 2006
Ran-Chou Chen, MD, MBA, Dachen Chu, MD, Chih-Hsin Chiang, MBA, and Chen-Te Chou, MD
Sonography of Thyroid Nodules with Peripheral Calcifications
Minjung Park, MD, Jung Hee Shin, MD, Boo-Kyung Han, MD, Eun Young Ko, MD,
Hye Sun Hwang, MD, Seok Seon Kang, MD, Jung Han Kim, MD, and Young Lyun Oh, MD
Salivary Simulation with Ascorbic Acid Enhances Sonographic Diagnosis
of Obstructive Sialadenitis
Alessandro Bozzato, MD, Victoria Hertel, MD, Klaus Bumm, MD, Heinrich Iro, MD, and Johannes Zenk, MD
Association of Atherosclerotic Risk Factors with Carotid Adventitial Thickness
Assessed by Ultrasonography
Radoslaw Kazmierski, MD, PhD, Cezary Watala, PhD, Edyta Podsiadly, PhD, Jolanta Dorszewska, PhD,
and Wojciech Kozubski, MD, PhD
Dynamics of the Septum Primum in Fetuses with Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Paulo Zielinsky, MD, PhD, Paulo Afonso Beltrame, MD, PhD, Joao Luiz Manica, MD,
Antonio L. Piccoli Jr., MD, Marcia Abdalla Teixeira da Costa, MD, Lucilia Motta, MD, PhD,
Romulo Castagna, MD, and Luiz Henrique Nicoloso, MD, PhD
CASE REPORTS
Sonographic Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy 2 Years after Total Hysterectomy
Kishor P. Barhate, MD, Shilpa Domkundwar, MD, Nirupama Patil, MD, and Bhujang Pai, MD
Early Diagnosis, Follow-Up, and Prenatal Treatment of a Case of TRAP Sequence
Occurring in a Dichorionic Triamniotic Triplet Pregnancy
Paolo Cavoretto, MD, Audrey Serafini, MD, Luca Valsecchi, MD, Mariano Lanna, MD,
and Maria Angela Rustico, MD
Prenatal Diagnosis by 3D Ultrasound and MRI of an Unusual Malformation
of Cortical Development with Brain-in-Brain Appearance
Luca Valsecchi, MD, Paolo Cavoretto, MD, Lara Di Piazza, MD, Maddalena Smid, MD,
Silvia Pontesilli, MD, Roberta Scotti, MD, Daniele Spagnolo, MD, and Cristina Baldoli, MD
Foley Catheter Entrapment Resulting from the Formation of a True Knot in
a Female Infant: Sonographic Findings
M. H. Bagheri, MD, S. A. Nabavizadeh, MD, M. Shirazi, MD, M. Farahmand, MD, K. As’adi, MD,
and S. Mansouri, MD
Preoperative Sonographic Diagnosis of Appendiceal Intussusception:
A Case Report
Mehdi Alehossein, MD, Houman Alizadeh, MD, Hedayatolah Nahvi, MD, Ahmad Reza Ghasemi Esfe, MD,
and Seyed Mehran Vaziri Bozorg, MD
Biliary Dilatation Secondary to Lithiasis in a Child Affected by Langerhans’
Cell Histiocytosis
Settimo Caruso, MD, Roberto Miraglia, MD, Marco Spada, MD, Angelo Luca, MD, and Bruno Gridelli, MD
Aorto-pulmonary Fistula as a Late Complication of Multiple Valve
Replacement after Streptococcus Bovis Endocarditis in a Patient with
Occult Colon Carcinoma
Maria Florescu, MD, Diana C. Benea, MD, Gheorghe Cerin, MD, PhD, Guido Lanzillo, MD,
Marco Diena, MD, Carmelo Cernigliaro, MD, Mircea Cinteza, MD, and
Dragos Vinereanu, MD, PhD, FESC
Volume 37, Number 7, September 2009
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Intraoperative Ultrasound in Colorectal Surgery
Franklin Greif, MD, David Aranovich, MD, Nissim Hananel, MD, Mikhail Knizhnik, MD,
and Alexander Belenky, MD