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JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS Editors-in-Chief Rik Huiskes and Richard A. Brand VOLUME 30 1997 Supplement to Journal of Biomechanics Journal of Biomechanics Affiliated with the American Society of Biomechanics, the European Society of Biomechanics and the International Society of Biomechanics Editors-in-Chief Rik Huiskes Biomechanics Section, Institute of Orthopaedics, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9707, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E-mail: rikia orthp.azn.nl Richard A. Brand Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 2430 Steindler Building, The University of lowa, lowa City, [A 52242, USA. E-mail: dick-brandi(a ulowa.edu Book Review Editor Richard A. Brand (see address above) Editorial Board Thomas P. Andriacchi, Malcolm H. Pope, Coralville, 1A, USA Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center, Leif Ryd, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden Chicago, IL, USA Erich Schneider, Technical University Hamburg—Harburg, John D. Currey, University of York, UK Germany Benno M. Nigg, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Albert B. Schultz, University of Michigan, John P. Paul, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Ann Arbor, Ml, USA Editorial Consultants A. M. Ahmed, Canada Stephen C. Cowin, USA Toshio Moritani, Japan Gunnar B. J. Andersson, USA Warren Darling, USA Van C. Mow, USA Kai Nan An, USA Dwight T. Davy, USA Manohar Panjabi, USA Theo Arts, The Netherlands Patrice Flaud, France Michael R. Pierrynowski, Canada Prof. Barbenel, UK Cyril B. Frank, Canada Masaaki Sato, Japan Donald L. Bartel, USA Steven A. Goldstein, USA Bruce R. Simon, USA Georg Bergmann, FRG Roger C. Haut, USA Robert J. Singerman, USA Necip Berme, USA Shunji Hirokawa, Japan Robert L. Spilker, USA Leendert Blankevoort, The Netherlands A. L. Hof, The Netherlands lan A. F. Stokes, USA Harvey S. Borovetz, USA Maury L. Hull, USA Peter A. Torzilli, USA Thomas D. Brown, USA Ivan Hvid, Denmark Peter S. Walker, UK John B. Brunski, USA Gerrit Jan van Ingen Schenau, The Netherlands Nico Westerhof, The Netherlands David L. Butler, USA Michel Y. Jaffrin, France Savio L.-Y. Woo, USA Dennis R. Carter, USA '' Jan D. Janssen, The Netherlands G. A. Wood, Australia Krishnan B. Chandran, USA Murali Kadaba, USA Ajit P. Yoganathan, USA Arthur E. Chapman, Canada Doris Miller, Canada Ronald F. Zernicke, Canada Author Service Department: Publishing Office: For queries relating to the general submission of articles (including Elsevier Science Ltd electronic text and artwork) and the status of accepted manuscripts, Bampfylde Street, Exeter EX1 2AH, UK. please contact the Author Service Department: e-mail: Tel: +44 (0) 1392 251558; Fax: +44 (0) 1392 425370. authors(a elsevier.co.uk; Fax: +44 1865 843905; tel: +44 1865 843900 Advertising Office: Mark Butler, MTB Advertising, 11 Harts Gardens, Guildford GU2 60A, UK. Tel: +44(0) 1483 578507; Fax: +44(0) 1483 572678 Published monthly Subscription Rates Annual Institutional Subscription Rates 1998: Europe, The CIS and Japan 3096 Dutch Guilders. All other countries US$1779. Associated Personal subscription rates are available on request for those whose institutions are library subscribers. Dutch Guilder prices exclude VAT. Non-VAT registered customers in the European Community will be charged the appropriate VAT in addition to the price listed. Prices include postage and insurance and are subject to change without notice For orders, claims, product enquiries (no manuscript enquiries) please contact thé Customer Support Department at the Regional Sales Office nearest to you The Americas: Elsevier Science Customer Support Department, P.O. Box 945, New York, NY 10010, USA [Tel: (+1) 212-633-3730/1-888 4ES-INFO Fax: (+1) 212-633-3680. E-mail: usinfo-fia elsevier.com] Japan: Elsevier Science Customer Support Department, 9-15 Higashi-Azabu 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106, Japan [Tel: (+81) 3-5561-5033. Fax: (+81) 3-5561-5047. E-mail: infowa elsevier.co.jp] Asia Pacific (excluding Japan): Elsevier Science (Singapore) Pte Ltd, No. 1 Temasek Avenue, 17-01 Millenia Tower, Singapore 039192 [Tel: (+65) 434-3727 Fax: (+65) 337-2230. E-mail: asiainfoiw elsevier.com.sg] Rest of the World: Elsevier Science Customer Service Department, P.O. Box 211, 1001 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands [Tel: (+31) 20-485-3757. Fax: (+31) 20-485-3432. E-mail: nlinfo-fia elsevier.n!] aol haa nas ContentsDirect delivers the table of contents of this journal, by e-mail, approximately DIRECT two to four weeks prior to each issue’s publication. To subscribe to this free service ——————— send an e-mail message to cdsubsiu elsevier.co.uk Back Issues Back issues of all previously published volumes are available direct from Elsevier Science offices. Complete volumes and single issues can be purchased for 1992-1997. Earlier issues are available in high quality photo-duplicated copies as complete volumes only. Back volumes on microfilm are available from UMI, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA ©) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Periodicals postage paid at Rahway, New Jersey. Journal of Biomechanics (ISSN 0021-9290) is published monthly by Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. The annual subscription in the USA is $1779. Journal of Biomechanics is distributed by Mercury Airfreight International Ltd, 2323 Randolph Avenue, Avenel, NJ 07001-2413. Postmaster please send address changes to Journal of Biomechanics, c/o Elsevier Science RSO, Customer Support Department, 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010, USA [Tel: (+1) 212-633-3730/1-888 4ES-INFO. Fax: (+1) 212-633-3680. E-mail: usinfo-fia elsevier.com] Contents Volume 30 Number 1 January 1997 P. A. Torzilli, R. Grigiene, C. Huang, Characterization of cartilage metabolic response S. M. Friedman, S. B. Doty, A. L. Boskey to static and dynamic stress using a mechanical and G. Lust explant test system A. F. T. Mak, D. T. Huang, J. D. Zhang Deformation-induced hierarchical flows and and Pin Tong drag forces in bone canaliculi and matrix microporosity Kyu-Jung Kim, J. A. Ashton- Miller, The vesico-urethral pressuregram analysis of K. Strohbehn, J. O. L. DeLancey urethral function under stress and A. B. Schultz A. M. Krylow and T. G. Sandercock Dynamic force responses of muscle involving eccentric contraction A. Iglié A possible mechanism determining the stability of spiculated red blood cells A. Rohlmann, G. Bergmann and F. Graichen Loads on an internal spinal fixation device during walking M. Munih and A. Kralj Modelling muscle activity in standing with considerations for bone safety H. R. Chaudhry, B. Bukiet, A. Davis, Residual stresses in oscillating thoracic arteries A. B. Ritter and T. Findley reduce circumferential stresses and_ stress gradients D. Hawkins and M. Bey Muscle and tendon force-length properties and their interactions in vivo W. Y. Gu, W. M. Lai and V. C. Mow A triphasic analysis of negative osmotic flows through charged hydrated soft tissues Technical Notes T. L. Haut and R. C. Haut The state of tissue hydration determines the strain-rate-sensitive stiffness of human patellar tendon P. S. Walker, G. W. Blunn, D. R. Broome, A knee simulating machine for performance J. Perry, A. Watkins, S. Sathasivam, evaluation of total knee replacements M. E. Dewar and J. P. Paul B. P. Pereira, P. W. Lucas and Teoh Swee-Hin Ranking the fracture toughness of thin mam- malian soft tissues using the scissors cutting test A. M. M. Muijtjens, J. M. A. Roos, T. Arts, Tracking markers with missing data by lower rank A. Hasman and R. S. Reneman approximation Letters to the Editor R. W. Mann and C. W. McCutchen Comment on ‘A theoretical solution for the frictionless rolling contact of cylindrical biphasic articular cartilage layers’ Ill G. A. Ateshian and H. Wang Authors’ Response Announcement Suggestions for Authors Instructions to Contributors Volume 30 Number 2 February 1997 M. H. Pope, M. Magnusson and T. Hansson The upper extremity attenuates intermediate frequency vibrations R. B. Martin, V. A. Gibson, S. M. Stover, Residual strength of equine bone is not reduced J. C. Gibeling and L. V. Griffin by intense fatigue loading: implications for stress fracture Li-Shan Chou, L. F. Draganich Minimum energy trajectories of the swing ankle and Shin-Min Song when stepping over obstacles of different heights M. Dammak, A. Shirazi-Adl and D. J. Zukor Analysis of cementless implants using interface nonlinear friction—experimental and _ finite element studies M. A. Wimmer and T. P. Andriacchi Tractive forces during rolling motion of the knee: implications for wear in total knee replacement T. J. A. Mommersteeg, R. Huiskes, An inverse dynamics modeling approach to L. Blankevoort, J. G. M. Kooloos determine the restraining function of human knee and J. M. G. Kauer ligament bundles R. E. Guldberg, M. Richards, N. J. Caldwell, Trabecular bone adaptation to variations in C. L. Kuelske and S. A. Goldstein porous-coated implant topology P. Braidotti, F. P. Branca and L. Stagni Scanning electron microscopy of human cortical bone failure surfaces K. B. Shelburne and M. G. Pandy A musculoskeletal model of the knee _ for evaluating ligament forces during isometric contractions S. Sathasivam and P. S. Walker A computer model with surface friction for the prediction of total knee kinematics Technical Notes L. V. Griffin, J. C. Gibeling, V. A. Gibson, Artifactual nonlinearity due to wear grooves and R. B. Martin and S. M. Stover friction in four-point bending experiments of cortical bone J. M. Guccione, G. S. Le Prell, P. P. de Tombe Measurements of active myocardial tension and W. C. Hunter under a wide range of physiological loading conditions B. K. Bay, A. J. Hamel, S. A. Olson Statically equivalent load and support conditions and N. A. Sharkey produce different hip joint contact pressures and periacetabular strains M. D. Buschmann Numerical conversion of transient to harmonic response functions for linear viscoelastic materials A controlled-release ergometer for the human ankle Instructions to Contributors Volume 30 Number 3 March 1997 F. W. L. Aelen, T. Arts, D. G. M. Sanders, Relation between torsion and cross-sectional G. R. P. Thelissen, A. M. M. Muijtjens, area change in the human left ventricle F. W. Prinzen and R. S. Reneman E. J. Bassey, J. J. Littlewood Relations between compressive axial forces in an and S. J. G. Taylor instrumented massive femoral implant, ground reaction forces, and integrated electromyographs from vastus lateralis during various ‘osteogenic’ exercises S. J. G. Taylor, J. S. Perry, J. M. Meswania, Telemetry of forces from proximal femoral N. Donaldson, P. S. Walker replacements and relevance to fixation and S. R. Cannon J. S. Jurvelin, M. D. Buschmann Optical and mechanical determination of Poi- and E. B. Hunziker son’s ratio of adult bovine humeral articular cartilage P. R. Cavanagh, E. Morag, A. J. M. Boulton, The relationship of static foot structure to M. J. Young, K. T. Deffner and S. E. Pammer dynamic foot function M. A. Nussbaum, B. J. Martin A neural network model for simulation of torso and D. B. Chaffin muscle coordination M. Ekevad and B. Lundberg Influence of pole length and stiffness on the energy conversion in pole-vaulting A. Viedma, C. Jiménez-Ortiz and V. Marco Extended Willis circle model to explain clinical observations in periorbital arterial flow Technical Notes H. Demiray Waves in initially stressed fluid-filled thick tubes A. B. Zavatsky A kinematic-freedom analysis of a flexed-knee- stance testing rig J. M. Bach, M. L. Hull and H. A. Patterson Direct measurement of strain in the postero- lateral bundle of the anterior cruciate ligament F. Eckstein, C. Adam, H. Sittek, C. Becker, Non-invasive determination of cartilage thick- S. Milz, E. Schulte, M. Reiser and R. Putz ness throughout joint surfaces using magnetic resonance imaging J. Cholewicki, M. M. Panjabi, K. Nibu Spinal ligament transducer based on a Hall effect and M. E. Macias sensor V Correcting for limb inertia and compliance in fast ergometers Letters to the Editor A. L. Hof and W. Zijlstra Comment on ‘Normalization of temporal- distance parameters in pediatric gait’ M. O'Malley Author’s Response W. Herzog and E. M. Hasler Comment on “The use of an implantable force transducer to measure patellar tendon forces in goats” E. S. Grood and D. L. Korvick Authors’ Response M. Solomonow Comment on “‘Role of muscle belly and tendon of soleus gastrocnemius and plantaris in mechanical energy absorbtion and generation during cat locomotion” B. |. Prilutsky, W. Herzog, T. R. Leonard Authors’ Response and T. L. Allinger Erratum Announcement Volume 30 Number 4 April 1997 T. N. Gardner, J. Hardy, M. Evans Temporal changes in dynamic inter fragmentary and J. Kenwright motion and callus formation in fractures S. J. Hoshaw, D. D. Cody, A. M. Saad Decrease in canine proximal femoral ultimate and D. P. Fyhrie strength and stiffness due to fatigue damage Li-Shan Chou and L. F. Draganich Stepping over an obstacle increases the motions and moments of the joints of the trailing limb in young adults K. A. Mann, D. C. Ayers, F. W. Werner, Tensile strength of the cement—bone interface R. J. Nicoletta and M. D. Fortino depends on the amount of bone interdigitated with PMMA cement Yi-Chung Pai and J. Patton Center of mass velocity—position predictions for balance control C. M. Les, S. M. Stover, J. H. Keyak, K. T. Taylor The distribution of material properties in the and N. H. Willits equine third metacarpal bone serves to enhance sagittal bending W. G. M. Geraets, P. F. Van der Stelt, P. Lips, Orientation of the trabecular pattern of the distal P. J. M. Elders, F. C. Van Ginkel and E. H. Burger radius around the menopause J. Z. Wu, W. Herzog and M. Epstein An improved solution for the contact of two biphasic cartilage layers VI Technical Notes M. K. Barker and B. B. Seedhom Articular cartilage deformation under physiological cyclic loading—apparatus and measurement technique A. Guillaume, D. Osmont, D. Gaffie, J. C. Sarron Effects of perfusion on the mechanical behavior and P. Quandieu of the brain exposed to hypergravity C. Krettek, M. Mann&, B. Konemann, The deformation of small diameter solid tibial T. Miclau, P. Schandelmaier and H. Tscherne nails with unreamed intramedullary insertion J. T. Dennerlein, J. M. Miller, C. D. Mote Jr A low profile human tendon force transducer: the and D. M. Rempel influence of tendon thickness on calibration A. D. J. Pinder and D. W. Grieve Hydro-resistive measurement of dynamic lifting strength M. E. Levenston Temporal stability of node-based internal bone adaptation simulations N. A. Borghese, P. Cerveri and G. C. Ferrigno Statistical comparison of DLT versus ILSSC in the calibration of a photogrammetric stereo-system G. W.. Stachowiak and P. Podsiadlo Analysis of wear particle boundaries found in sheep knee joints during in vitro wear tests without muscle compensation Volume 30 Number 5 May 1997 ISB Keynote Lectures S. Judex, T. S. Gross, R. C. Bray Adaptation of bone to physiological stimuli and R. F. Zernicke S. L-Y. Woo, S. S. Chan and T. Yamaji Biomechanics of knee ligament healing, repair and reconstruction G. Rau, C. Disselhorst-Klug Noninvasive approach to motor unit characteriz- and J. Silny ation: muscle structure, membrane dynamics and neuronal control R. M. Enoka Neural adaptations with chronic physical activity T. Fukunaga, Y. Kawakami, S. Kuno, Muscle architecture and function in humans K. Funato and S. Fukashiro S. M. McGill The biomechanics of low back injury: impli- cations on current practice in industry and the clinic R. M. Bartlett Current issues in the mechanics of athletic activities. A position paper Regular Papers A. Odgaard, J. Kabel, B. van Rietbergen, Fabric and elastic principal directions of M. Dalstra and R. Huiskes cancellous bone are closely related Vil T. J. Shin, R. P. Vito, L. W. Johnson The distribution of strain in the human cornea and B. E. McCarey T. F. Boyd, R. R. Neptune and M. L. Hull Pedal and knee loads using a multi-degree-of- freedom pedal platform in cycling Technical Notes T. Stahelin, B. M. Nigg, D. J. Stefanyshyn, A method to determine bone movement in the A. J. van den Bogert and S.-J. Kim ankle joint complex /n vitro B. Krabbe, R. Farkas and W. Baumann Influence of inertia on intersegment moments of the lower extremity joints S. J. Hoshaw, D. P. Fyhrie, Y. Takano, A method suitable for in vivo measurement of D. B. Burr and C. Milgrom bone strain in humans R. von Hertzen, U. Holmlund On the velocity maximization in downhill skiing and M. A. Ranta P. K. Commean, K. E. Smith, M. W. Vannier, Finite element modeling and _ experimental B. A. Szabo and R. L. Actis verification of lower extremity shape change under load Announcements Volume 30 Number 6 June 1997 ESB Research Award 1996 P. J. Prendergast, R. Huiskes and K. Soballe Biophysical stimuli on cells during tissue differentiation at implant interfaces . Parkinson, A. Brass, G. Canova and Y. Brechet The mechanical properties of simulated collagen fibrils . H. Turner, V. Anne and R. M. V. Pidaparti A uniform strain criterion for trabecular bone adaptation: do continuum-level strain gradients drive adaptation? . Ma, X. Li and D. N. Ku Convective mass transfer at the carotid bifurcation . Hayashi and Y. Imai Tensile property of atheromatous plaque and an analysis of stress in atherosclerotic wall . J. Eng, D. A. Winter and A. E. Patla Intralimb dynamics simplify reactive control strategies during locomotion . S. Khalsa and S. R. Eisenberg Compressive behavior of articular cartilage is not completely explained by proteoglycan osmotic pressure . C. Raasch, F. E. Zajac, B. Ma and W. S. Levine 595 Muscle coordination of maximum-speed pedaling Vill C. R. Jacobs, J. C. Simo, G. S. Beaupré Adaptive bone remodeling incorporating and D. R. Carter simultaneous density and anisotropy considerations D. Lemmon, T. Y. Shiang, A. Hashmi, The effect of insoles in therapeutic footwear—a J. S. Ulbrecht and P. R. Cavanagh finite element approach B. P. McNamara, L. Cristofolini, A. Toni Relationship between bone-prosthesis bonding and D. Taylor and load transfer in total hip reconstruction Technical Notes T. W. P. Korioth, T. W. Waldron, A. Versluis Forces and moments generated at the dental and J. K. Schulte incisors during forceful biting in humans G. Li, M. Sakamoto and E. Y. S. Chao A comparison of different methods in predicting static pressure distribution in articulating joints S. M. Kurtz, A. A. Edidin and D. L. Bartel The role of backside polishing, cup angle, and polyethylene thickness on the contact stresses in metal-backed acetabular components Jor: PrnZ The Cybermouse: a simple method of describing the trajectory of the human mandible in three dimensions H. E. J. Veeger, B. Yu, K.-N. An Parameters for modeling the upper extremity and R. H. Rozendal H. H. F. Buchner, H. H. C. M. Savelberg, Inertial properties of Dutch Warmblood horses H. C. Schamhardt and A. Barneveld Announcements Volume 30 Number 7 July 1997 J. N. A. L. Leijnse Anatomical factors’ predisposing to _ focal dystonia in the musician’s hand—principles, theoretical examples, clinical significance D. J. Adams, A. A. Spirt, T. D. Brown, Testing the daily stress stimulus theory of bone S. P. Fritton, C. T. Rubin and R. A. Brand adaptation with natural and experimentally controlled strain histories W. S. Erdmann Geometric and inertial data of the trunk in adult males A. Ascenzi, M. G. Ascenzi, A. Benvenuti Pinching in longitudinal and alternate osteons and F. Mango during cyclic loading W. S. Marras and K. P. Granata Spine loading during trunk lateral bending motions R. V. Gonzalez, T. S. Buchanan How muscle architecture and moment arms and S. L. Delp affect wrist flexion-extension moments IX B. Merz, F. Eckstein, S. Hillebrand Mechanical implications of humero-ulnar incon- and R. Putz gruity—finite element analysis and experiment M. K. Lebiedowska and A. Polisiakiewicz Changes in the lower leg moment of inertia due to child’s growth Technical Notes C. Reinschmidt, A. J. van der Bogert, Effect of skin movement on the analysis of B. M. Nigg, A. Lundberg and N. Murphy skeletal knee joint motion during running A. B. Carman and P. D. Milburn Conjugate imagery in the automated reproduction of three dimensional coordinates from two dimensional coordinate data C. M. Les, J. H. Keyak,’S. M. Stover Development and validation of a series of and K. T. Taylor three-dimensional finite element models of the equine metacarpus M. J. Grimm and J. L. Williams Measurements of permeability in human calcaneal trabecular bone M. A. Haider and M. H. Holmes A mathematical approximation for the solution of a static indentation test K. L. Billiar and M. S. Sacks A method to quantify the fiber kinematics of planar tissues under biaxial stretch K. B. Arbogast, K. L. Thibault, B. S. Pinheiro, A high-frequency shear device for testing soft K. |. Winey and S. S. Margulies biological tissues Erratum Volume 30 Number 8 August 1997 D. Vashishth, J. C. Behiri and W. Bonfield Crack growth resistance in cortical bone: concept of microcrack toughening H. Wang and G. A. Ateshian The normal stress effect and equilibrium friction coefficient of articular cartilage under steady frictional shear A. Delfino, N. Stergiopulos, J. E. Moore, Jr Residual strain effects on the stress field in a and J.-J. Meister thick wall finite element model of the human carotid bifurcation M. Kobayashi, R. A. Berger, L. Nagy, Normal kinematics of carpal bones: a _ three- R. L. Linscheid, S. Uchiyama, M. Ritt dimensional analysis of carpal bone motion and K.-N. An relative to the radius N. Verdonschot and R. Huiskes The effects of cement-stem debonding in THA on the long-term failure probability of cement B. M. van Bolhuis and C. C. A. M. Gielen The relative activation of elbow-flexor muscles in isometric flexion and in flexion/extension movements X

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