Joschka Fischer and the making of the Berlin Republic: an alternative history of postwar Germany PDF
Preview Joschka Fischer and the making of the Berlin Republic: an alternative history of postwar Germany
Joschka Fischer and the Making of the Berlin Republic Other books by Paul Hockenos Free to Hate: The Rise of the Right in Post-Communist Eastern Europe Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism and the Balkan Wars Joschka Fischer and the Making of the Berlin Republic An Alternative History of Postwar Germany Paul Hockenos 1 2008 3 OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurther OxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellence inresearch,scholarship,andeducation. Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright(cid:1)2008byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016 www.oup.com OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Hockenos,Paul,1963– JoschkaFischerandthemakingoftheBerlinRepublic:analternative historyofpostwarGermany/PaulHockenos. p. cm. ISBN:978-0-19-518183-8 1.Fischer,Joschka.2.Politicians—Germany—Biography. 3.Germany—History—1945–4.Politicalculture—Germany— History—20thcentury.I.Title. DD290.33.F57H632007 943.088’2092—dc22 2007012081 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper To Jenni This page intentionally left blank Preface This book is a result of my living in Germany and writing about German andEuropeanaffairsfornearlytwentyyears.Itwasprettymuchbychance that, in the fall of 1983 on a college year abroad, I landed in West Germany’s southwesternmost corner, in the little university city of Frei- burg.ThiswasattheheightoftheFederalRepublic’s‘‘HotAutumn,’’the timeofcountry-wideprotestsagainstthestationingofintermediate-range nuclearmissilesinWestGermany.Igladlytaggedalongtothedemonstra- tions that October, one of over a million protesters insisting that NATO haltdeploymentofitsU.S.-made‘‘Euromissiles.’’AlthoughthePershingII and Cruise missilesarrivedshortly thereafterand I eventuallyreturned to upstate New York, issues associated with Cold War Europe and the two Germanys lured me back to the continent. I would come and go from Germanyafterthat,includingsomelongerstintsawayduringthenineties asaforeigncorrespondentinHungaryandacivilianmemberoftheinter- nationalpostwarmissionsintheBalkans.ButatsomepointBerlinbecame my permanent home. It wasn’t a conscious decision—or one that I ever seriouslyreconsidered. For years I had considered writing something longer about Germany’s protestmovements,theGreens,andthenatureofGermany’sliberalmeta- morphosis. I wanted to relate the Germany that I knew to non-German readers, and to show how it got that way. But I also wanted to convey the content and evolution of some of the public debates in Germany, debates that fall outside the parameters of narrower political discourses elsewhere.Theseareoftenrichdiscussions—partofasophisticatedStreit- kultur—that,Ifelt,couldpossiblyinjectfreshcriticalthinkingintodebates viii PREFACE beyond Europe’s borders, not only in the United States. A political bio- graphy of Joschka Fischer struck me as the means to accomplish both of theseaims. Although no one German scholar has endeavored to write an entire historyofpostwarGermany‘‘frombelow,’’thereexistsawealthofexcel- lentGermansources,themostsignificantfor thisprojectIidentifyinthe chapters’ end notes. (There is, thus, no biblography.) I feel compelled, however, to mention a number of key sources here. Among the existing GermanbiographiesofFischer,SibylleKrause-Burger’sJoschkaFischerwas importantformyearlychapters.ThosewrittenbyMatthiasGeisandBernd Ulrich, Christian Y. Schmidt, and Michael Schwelien, were also very helpfulatdifferentpoints.Also,neverfarfrommyreachwerethestandard worksofcontemporaryGermanhistory,includingthoseofManfredGo¨rte- maker, Christoph Kleßmann, Konrad Jarausch, among others, as well as one of the newer postwar histories, Edgar Wolfrum’s fine Die geglu¨ckte Demokratie. It is imperative to pay tribute to the foremost scholar of the Federal Republic’s protest movements, the Hamburg historian Wolfgang Kraushaar.Hisvoluminousstudiesandeditedcollectionshavecontributed uniquely to documenting and understanding postwar Germany’s social movements.Nevertheless,itisencouragingthatanewgenerationofschol- ars, too young to have participated in the student movement, as did Kraushaar and others, is beginning to examine the period from fresh standpoints. Anoteonsourcing:alldirectquotesinthetextthatcomefromsecond- arysourcesarecitedinthenotes.Thosethatarenotfootnotedcomefrom interviewsconductedbymebetween2004and2007. Inexpressingmygratitudetothosewhoaidedthisproject,Istartwiththe German Marshall Fund of the United States, whose fellowship made this book possible in the first place. The book was part of a process and an important stage was a Bosch Public Policy Fellowship at the American Academy in Berlin in 2000. The manuscript passed through the hands of more than one editor and I am thankful to each in a different way. They includeDediFelman,ElishevaUrbas,andDavidMcBride.Iwouldalsolike toexpressmysincerethankstothefollowingpeople,whocommentedon parts of the manuscript and offered valuable advice: Bill Martin, Jenni Winterhagen, Matthew Hockenos, Anne and Warren Hockenos, Robert Van Meter, Sascha Mu¨ller-Kraenner, Detlev Claussen, Uli Cremer, Jim Ogier, Eric Chauvistre, Thomas Pampuch, Christoph Becker-Schaum, and PREFACE ix HajoFunke.Needlesstosay,someofthesecriticsobjectedtocertainpoints or accents, and thus cannot be held responsible for the work’s content or flaws. As always I am in debt to Cecelia Cancellaro of Idea Architects, whose deep love of books makes her the fine agent that she is. Werner Kraemerwasselflessinprovidingtechnicalassistance.Ialsothankmymany colleagues at Die Tageszeitung and especially those in its archives—above all,RandyKaufmann.Ialsoacknowledgetheresourcesandpatientstaffsof the Staatsbibliothek Berlin, the APO-Archiv at the Free University, the Berlin Institute for Transatlantic Security, the Archiv Gru¨nes Geda¨chtnis, the Informationsdienst fu¨r kritische Medienpraxis, and the Lucy Scribner LibraryatSkidmoreCollege.
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