John Abbot's "lost" drawings for John E. Le Conte in the American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia

2006·3.2 MB·

Volume 60, Number4 211
JournaloftheLepidopterists'Society
60(4),2006,211-217
JOHN ABBOT'S "LOST" DRAWINGS FORJOHN E. LE CONTE IN THE AMERICAN
PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETYLIBRARY, PHILADELPHIA
John V. Calhoun1
977WicksDr.,PalmHarbor,FL 34684
ABSTRACT. Between 1813 and 1835, artist-naturalistJohnAbbotcompletedas manyas3,000naturalhistoryillustrations forAmerican
naturalistJohnE.LeConte. Longbelievedlost,diemajorityofthesedrawingsareundoubtedlyincludedamonganextensivecollectionofsmall
watercolors deposited in the American Philosophical Society Libraiy. An overview ofthe collection is provided and several drawings of
Lepidoptera are identified and figured. Le Conte's drawings ofplants, reptiles, and amphibians are also discussed. Similarcollections of
drawingsbvAbbotaresummarized.
Additionalkeywords: Coleoptera,Georgia,JohnLawrenceLeConte,Lepidoptera
W
Introduction the plants the insect feeds on" (letter to T Harris,
Scudder (1884) observedthatJohn Eatton LeConte, Mayr Libraiy). Dow (1914b) sjjeculated that Abbot's
Jr. (1784-1860) "left behind a most extensive series of many drawings for Le Conte "probablystill exist." "We
water-color illustrations ofournative insects andplants canonlywonder,with Dow,"wrote Mallis (1971), "what
made with his own hands." He further described the happened to the some two or three thousand water
insect drawings as small in size and "mountedon paper colors ofinsects done byJohn Abbot, which the Major
ofvariable form" (Scudder 1888-1889). He recognized [J. E. Le Conte] hadaccumulatedovermanyyears."
that theywere similarin format to other drawings once Based mostlyon Abbot's drawings and specimens, J.
owned by the French entomologist Jean B. A. D. de E. Le Conte co-authored atreatise on North American
Boisduval (1799-1879),whocollaboratedwith LeConte butterflies (Boisduval & Le Conte (1829-[1837]). It
on abook about North American butterflies. Scudder included the descriptions of many new species, but
used this as evidence to suggest that most of the remainedunfinished. Aplannedcompanionvolume on
illustrations in Boisduval & Le Conte (1829-[1837]) mothswasneverattempted. Mostofthe originalAbbot
were derived from Le Conte, not John Abbot as drawings that were used for the color plates in
generally accepted. Skinner (1911) later revealed that Boisduval & Le Conte (1829-[1837]) are deposited in
"the superb collection ofMajor LeConte's drawings of the Thomas Cooper Libraiy, University of South
insects are nowthe propertyofthe Missouri Botanical Carolina. OtherAbbot drawings used forthis bookare
Garden." missing and presumed lost (Calhoun 2004). These
Rehn (1954) described eight volumes of arthropod collections of illustrations were probably given to
drawings that were acquired in 1953 by the American Boisduval by Le Conte, whovisited Paris in 1828 (Salle
1883). Le Conte retained other drawings by Abbot,
Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Purchased from the Missouri Botanical Garden, they adding to his collection until at least 1835. It is my
are someofthe samedrawingsthatwereonceownedby contention that most ofthese remaining drawings have
E. Le Conte. Rehncredited Le Conteas theprimary been improperly attributed to Le Conte for over a
Ja.rtist, but speculated that "some ofthe illustrations in centuiy. They likelyplayed a crucial role in Le Conte's
thevolumes. .mayhave been the work ofJohn Abbot." understanding of the invertebrate fauna of Georgia.
.
However, he cautioned that there was "no definite Moreover, they possibly helped to encourage die
evidence" to this effect, "other than information that entomological pursuits of his son, John Lawrence
Abbot supplied certain illustrations to E. Leconte." LeConte (1825-1883), who would become die most
Rehn probably derived this informatiJ.on from Dow celebrated American entomologist ofdie 19th century.
(1914a), who reproducedan 1835 letterinwhich Abbot As another installment in my study of John Abbot's
estimated that Le Conte must have been in possession entomologicalcontributions, I presentabriefanalysis of
of "2 to 3000" of his drawings (transcript in Mayr the illustrations at the American Philosophical Societv
Library, Harvard University). Abbot's friend, Augustus Library and identify several Lepidoptera drawings diat
G. Oemler, noted in 1851 that "Major John Le Conte are believedtobe dieworkofAbbot.
has a great number [ofAbbot's drawings] but without Methods
'Research Associate, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Drawings once ownied bv John E. Le Conte were
DPI.FDACS,Gainesville,Florida32614,USA examined and photographed at the American
212 Journalofthe Lepidopterists' Society
Philosophical Society Library and the Thomas Cooper Conte, it is more likely that the specimen came from
Library (University of South Carolina). Le Conte's him, not the original drawing (see Calhoun 2004).
personalcorrespondencewas alsoexaminedattheAPS. Abbot eventually collected specimens for Le Conte,
Information on other Le Conte drawings was obtained who requested in 1828 "an extensive Collection of
from the Hesburgh Library (Notre Dame University). Lepidopa & Coleoptera Insects" (Kroch Library). In
Relevant manuscripts anddrawingswerealsoconsulted 1835, Abbotwas still correspondingwith LeConte, "for
at The Natural History Museum, London, Linnean whom I continue to draw for everyYear," though there
Society of London, Ernst Mayr Libraiy (Museum of is no evidence that he produced more drawings after
Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), and the 1835. Depending upon the size of the drawing, Le
Hargrett Rare Bookand Manuscript Library(University Conte paidAbbot from 6.25 cents ("16 fora Dollar") to
of Georgia). Copies of additional manuscripts were 50 cents each (lettertoT W. Harris, Mayr Library).
obtained from the Carl A. Kroch Libraiy (Cornell In 1810, Le Conte's brother, Louis, assumed
University). management of the family's rice plantation near
Riceboro, Liberty County, Georgia. This immense
Results plantation, called "Woodmanston," was located 40 km
Background. Artist-naturalist John Abbot (1751- (25 mi) southwest ofSavannah. A portion still remains
ca.1840) firstbecameacquaintedwithJohn E. LeConte as a botanical garden on the National Register of
in 1813,when he mentioned"a MrLe Comptewhohas Historic Places (Armes 1903, Bigley2001). John E. Le
a General taste for Nat. history," and further remarked Conte oftentraveledtotheplantation duringthewinter
that he was "Employed in Drawing the Georgian months. Abbot may even have visited Le Conte at
Insects for a Mr Le Compte, particularly the Woodmanston (Bigley2001).
Coleoptera." That year, Le Conte engaged Abbot "to After the death of E. Le Conte, his collection of
J.
makeaGeneralCollectionof&drawallthe Coleoptera drawings passed into the hands of his son, famed
of Georgia for him, Then all the Lepidoptera." The coleopterist John Lawrence LeConte (1825-1883),
followingyear, Abbotwrote, "I continue to drawfor Mr whose own libraiy was sold in 1884 (Henkels 1884,
Le Compte as leasure & opportunity permits." Abbot Scudder 1888-1889). Although his father signed his
described his early relationship with Le Conte in more nameas "Le Conte" (Calhoun 2005), signatures ofJohn
detail in 1816, explaining, "At present I am under no Lawrence indicate that he preferred the compressed
particular engagement to anypersonto collect or Draw variant of "LeConte." Both of these versions have
forbutonlya MrLe Conte. .hehas aTaste forGeneral repeatedly been simplified in the literature - even
.
Naturalhistorybutseems mostlyattachedto Botany, for duringtheir lifetimes -to read "Leconte." The altered
him I have Drawed and am continuingto Draw a large spellings of E. Le Conte's name by Abbot are not
J.
CollectionofInsects. I believehehas somepublication surprising, asAbbotoftenvariedcorrespondent'snames
inview." Back to misspelling Le Conte's name in 1817, (Calhoun in press). Interestingly, his spellings of"Le
Abbot stated, "Mr Le Comte is not in the habit of Compte" and "Le Comte" are also known variants of
keeping a collection ofInsects, he onlycollects such as this French surname. All these variations have
he wants me to draw for him" (letters to Heinrich contributed to the persistent confusion over the proper
Escher-Zollikofer, Kroch Libraiy, and William format ofthis name. It is therefore advisable to abide
Swainson, Linnean SocietyofLondon). bythe signatures ofthe naturalists themselves.
Le Conte's specimens probably explain the inclusion At the time of L. LeConte's death in 1883, he
J.
ofthe butterfly Speyeria idalia (Druiy) amongAbbot's possessed 4,765 original drawings of arthropods,
drawings forBoisduval & Le Conte (1829-[1837]). This reptiles, amphibians, andflowers. Theywere contained
book gave the distribution of S. idalia as "environs de in twelve portfolios that Henkels (1884) described as
New-York et de Philadelphie" (environs of New York "Scrap-books, filled with Figures of Entomological
and Philadelphia), with no mention of Georgia. The Specimens, faithfully drawn and artistically colored by
erroneous mention of "Jamaique" (Jamaica) was hand,bythelate Major E.] andDr. L.] LeConte."
[J. [J.
probably derived from Cramer ([1775-1776]). Abbot The arthropod drawings were purchased at the L.
J.
previously illustrated this species, but from a male LeConte libraiy auction by the Pennsylvania botanist
specimen collected by the South Carolina botanist Benjamin M. Everhart (1818-1904). Afterthe death of
Stephen Elliott who traveled northward in 1808. The Everhart, theywere acquired bythe naturalist Samuel
reference to "New-York" may also have been derived N. Rhoads, who owned the Franklin Book Shop in
from Cramer ([1775-1776]), but Le Conte livedin New Philadelphia. According to a letter dated 8 December
York. Although the published plate was credited to Le 1905, Rhoads unsuccessfully offered them to the
Volume 60, Number4 213
philanthropist WvmberlyJones De Renne (1853-1926) in Philadelphia. Either as a gift from Greene, or upon
ofWormsloe, Georgia. Underthe heading "Quotation his death, theywere acquiredin 1915 bythe University
on 8 Leconte Portfolios," Rhoads described them as ofNotre Dame (Baird 1938, Nieuwland 1917).
"the original handiworkofMajor Dr. Leconte. Mostof Illustrations from these portfolios were used for the
5x3 ..
them are on single sheets inches and were published descriptions of several new species, most
evidently intended for an extensive illustrated notably in the botanical works of Le Conte (1824a,
monograph never published." He noted that they 1824b, 1828). Le Conte did not reproduce his flower
"camefromthe B. M. Everhartcollectionrecentlysold, drawings, but they were later figured by Nieuwland
he having purchased them at the sale of Le Conte's (1917). As suggested by Rehn (1954), some of the
effects in this city manyyears ago" (Hargrett Library). insect drawings may portray type specimens, but
Rhodes seems to have combined father and son into a additional research is necessary to determine if any
single person byhis reference to "Major [John Eatton] were reproducedto accompanypublished descriptions.
Dr. [John Lawrence] Leconte." In 1907, Rhoads sold None of them appeared in Boisduval & Le Conte
the drawings to the Missouri Botanical Garden. (1829-[1S37]).
Inscribedin pencil on the 1905 letter to De Renne is a Analysis. The American Philosophical Society
signedmemorandumbyRhoads, dated 1918, thatreads, acquired eight volumes of arthropod drawings, bound
"Mr. De Renne did not buy these. They were sold to withboardcovers andleatherspines (Rehn 1954). This
the St. Louis Botanical Garden." Rhoads must have corresponds to the earlier description by bookseller S.
been visiting W. De Renne when he inserted this N. Rhoads; "Eight large 4to portfolio Scrap Books
J.
annotation. The Missouri Botanical Garden sold these bound in V, morocco" (1905 letter to W. De Renne,
J.
drawingsin 1953totheAmerican Philosophical Society. Hargrett Library). Although Henkels (1884) previously
The published library catalog of the American listedtenvolumes ofarthropoddrawings, eachportfolio
Philosophical Society ([APS 1970]) listed letters and was sold as a separate lot at the 1884 L. LeConte
J.
other materials pertaining to the provenance ofthese library auction. The two additional portfolios were
drawings, but repeatedattempts bycurrentlibrariansto presumablynot purchasedbv B. M. Everhart.
locate themwere unsuccessful. The remainingeightportfolios ofarthropoddrawings
The 49 drawings ofreptiles and amphibians by E. were re-housed in 1987 andplacedinto beige buckram
J.
Le Conte are nowdepositedinthe Hargrett Rare Book cases with gilt titles that read
and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia. They "LECONTE/ENTOMOLOGICAL DRAWINGS."
were evidentlypurchasedby B. M. Everhart atthe L. They comprise over 3,700 small drawings, which
J.
LeConte library7 auction. After Everhart's death, they typically include only one or two figures each (Fig. 1).
were obtained by S. N. Rhoads, probably in 1905, who From twotoninedrawingsarepastedontolargersheets
shortlyaftersolddiemtoW. De Renne. Inscribedon of paper measuring 21.6 x 35.6 cm (8.5 x 14.0 in).
J.
a flyleafofthis volume is a notation by De Renne that Individual pages are nowenclosedwithin clear archival
reads, "boughtfrom S. N. Rhoads, Phila. Nov. 27, 1905" sleeves. Written in graphite in the first volume is die
(MaryEllen Brooksperscomm.). These drawingswere title, "Portfolio of Original Figures of Entomological
purchased less than two weeks before Rhoads offered and Other Subjects by Le Conte." This title page was
the arthropod drawings to De Renne. Theywere listed possibly created in 1884 for the L. LeConte library
J.
in the 1931 De Renne Library catalog as "Forty-Nine auction. Stampedin redinkatthebottomofdiepageis
original Drawings in Color, by Leconte, ofthe Turtles, "Mo. Bot. Garden/1907." Alsowritten at die beginning
Tortoises, Frogs and Salamanders ofGeorgiaand South ofthe first volume is "Am. Philosophical Soc./Dec. 15,
Carolina" (Mackall 1931). The collections of the De 1953/Philadelphia."
Renne Librarywere acquired in 1938 bythe University It is reasonable toassume that J. E. Le Conte andhis
ofGeorgia. son were responsible for initially arranging and
The 42 flower illustrations by E. Le Conte are mounting the drawings. Most possess handwritten
J.
preservedinthe Hesburgh Library, UniversityofNotre numbers,which are notconsecutive andwereobviouslv
Dame. A manuscript note pasted on the inside front added before die drawings were pasted onto die larger
coverofthisvolume indicates thattheywerepurchased sheetsofpaper. Manyalsobearscale lines diatindicate
at the L. LeConte library auction bythe NewJersey the actual sizes of die depicted subjects, which were
J.
botanist Isaac C. Martindale (1842-1893). After the sometimes drawn larger to show more detail.
death of Martindale, these drawings were presumed Inscriptions in Abbot's hand, including penciled
lost. In 1897, the botanist Edward L. Greene (1843- numbers, are present on some ofdie drawings. A few
1915) stumbled upon them in a secondhand bookstore are signed and dated by the naturalist Titian R. Peale
214 Journalofthe Lepidopterists' Society'
w
J
W
%
2 3
1
w
4 5 6
I
Figs. 1-6. DrawingsprobablybyJohnAbbotintheAmericanPhilosophicalSocietyLibrary. 1,fourdrawingsofbutterflies(left)andmoths
onapageinthesecondvolume. ThemothsareDnjocampambicunda(Fabricius)(topright)andprobablyLithacodesfasciola (bottomright).
2, femaleAnatrytonelogon (graphite"Hesperiidae"in an unknownhand). 3, femaleAtrytonearogos. 4, femaleAmblyscirtes sp.,possibly
alternata. 5,maleEuphyesvestris. 6,probablyafemaleEuphyesvestris.
(1799-1885). Some give localities such as "Texas" and remaining five drawings, measuring approximately 14.6
"Europe," suggesting they were probably drawn and x 11.4 cm (5.8 x 4.5 in), are butterflies of the family
inscribed bv L. LeConte and possibly also his father. Hesperiidae. Theyareincludedon the firstthreepages
J.
The majorityoftheinsect drawings portrayColeoptera. of the volume and each depicts life-sized dorsal and
Others depict species of Diptera, Hemiptera, ventral aspects of a single species. I have identified
Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. In addition toinsects, them as: no. 15, female Anatrytone logon (W. H.
there are spiders and a few species ofmyripods. Rehn Edwards) (Fig. 2); no. 16, female Atrytone arogos
(1954) discussedadditional details aboutthevolumes. (Boisduval & Le Conte) (Fig. 3); no. 17, female
TheLepidopteraarecontainedindie secondvolume, Amblyscirtes sp. (Fig. 4); no 43, male Euphyes vestris
with85 drawings ofover200figures renderedoncream (Boisduval) (Fig. 5); no. 44, probablyafemale Euphyes
colored wove paper. The overall quality of diese vestris (Fig. 6). The figures on drawing no. 17 are
drawings is good, but some are decidedly inferior. All poorly rendered, but may be exaggerated
but five portray moths, mostlydiminutive species. The representations of Amblyscirtes alternata Grote &
Volume 60, Number 4 215
Robinson, which John Abbot illustrated several times. in 1840. The remainder ofthe 650 small drawings may
The identity of no. 44 is indeterminate, but its have been lost in September 1841 when aship carrying
consecutive number suggests that it was intended to aportion ofSwainson's librarysunken route to his new
portravthe female ofno. 43. home.
Despite the conclusion by Rogers-Price (1983, 1997) French naturalist Jean B. A. D. de Boisduval
thatsomeofthedrawings inthese eightvolumes aredie possessed a large number of small drawings that
workofAbbot, most continuetobe creditedto E. Le Scudder (1888-1889) examined during a trip to Paris,
J.
Conte. However, Abbot stated diat most of his probably in 1871. Some were purchased at auction in
illustrations for Le Conte were small in size. Abbot 1964 by the University of South Carolina. Although
wrote in 1833, "as to die number of Paintings I have several are probably by E. Le Conte, others are
J.
made either for Fn [Francillon] or Le Conte...I made consistent with Abbot's style and even include
about 350 Q° [quarto] ofthe changes ofthe Insects for inscriptions in his hand (Calhoun 2004). Boisduval
Mr Fn &2000 small ones, & 500 Spiders, & must have possessed 452 other small drawings of Lepidoptera,
made moresmallones dian thatforLe Conte" (letterto measuring 13.0x8.5 cm (5.0x3.3in). Oberthiir(1920)
A. G. Oemler, Mayr Library). Abbot further remarked attributedthem to Le Conte, buttheywere more likelv
in 1835 that"MrLe Conte preferred a single Insect on from Le Conte's collection of Abbot drawings.
a paper, as he said he cou'd then class them as he Contained in two boundvolumes, theywere auctioned
receivedthem." Henotedthatthese drawings depicted to a London firm in 1963 (Sothebv & Co. 1963, Cowan
"mostly small Insects, & many are Minutia." He drew 1969) and their disposition is unknown. The Sothebv
"magnified" (enlarged) figures ofthe smallestspecies so auction catalogcreditedthem toJohn L. LeConte.
that they would "shew better" (letter to T. W. Harris,
Discussion
Mayr Library).
Abbot executed numerous small illustrations during Evidence strongly suggests that die majority7 ofthe
his longcareerinAmerica. Manydrawings for London drawings at die American Philosophical Society are by
jewelerJohn Francillon (1744-1816) were purchasedin Abbot and they represent the bulk ofthe enigmatic "2
1818 byThe Natural History Museum, London. They to 3000" drawings that he completed for E. Le Conte
J.
includewatercolors that are reminiscent ofthose atdie between 1813 and 1835. They agree widi Abbot's own
American Philosophical Society, with single insects and description ofthese illustrations and dieirformat is like
spiders portrayed on small pieces ofpaper. Enlarged his othersmallwatercolors. Inaddition, manyfigures of
figures ofvery small species are likewise accompanied Lepidoptera are duplicated in other sets of Abbot's
byoutlines orscalelinesthat indicatethe actual sizes of drawings. This includes auniqueinterpretationofwhat
the subjects. Two other volumes ofsmall drawings of is thought to be die moth Lithacodesfasciola (Herrich-
moths were acquired byThe Natural History Museum Schaffer) (Fig. 1, bottom right). Ihavefoundduplicates
in 1910 as part ofthe bequest ofThomas de Grey, 6th of this figure among Abbot's drawings at die Thomas
Baron Walsingham. Gilbert (1998) questioned their Cooper Libraryandthe AlexanderTurnbull Library.
association with Abbot, but theyare consistentwith his Following Rehn (1954), I previously attributed
work andportray species that occurin Georgia. These several Lepidoptera drawings in the American
drawings were probably from among the "2000 small Philosophical Societyto E. LeConte (Calhoun2003).
J.
ones" diatAbbotcompleted for Francillon. Despite their poor quality, thev were undoubtedly
Abbot also sent numerous small drawings to English rendered by Abbot. Entomologists are generally
naturalist William Swainson (1789-1855). Abbot familiaronlywithAbbot's largerandmoreelaborate life
described these in 1835 as "about 650 Drawings of historycompositions that include hostplants. like those
single Insects, on small papers" (Parkinson 1978). The publishedin Smith&Abbot (1797) (seeCalhoun2006).
AlexanderTurnbull Library (Wellington, NewZealand) Three sets ofthese life history drawings, probably also
preserves aseries of27 smallwatercolors ofmoths that owned by E. Le Conte, were used to create some of
J.
were acquiredin 1927, renderedonpapersastinyas9.3 the colorplates in Boisduval & Le Conte (1829-[1S37])
x 9.2 cm (3.7x 3.6 in). Theylack inscriptions, but die (Calhoun 2004). These illustrations, missing and
format and artistic style are like the small drawings in presumedlost,wereprobablycompletedca. 1810-1815.
London and the American Philosophical Society. They After his arrival in America, Abbot composed insect
even possess the same type ofscale lines. The species drawings in four principal layouts: 1) designs that
portrayed in these drawings are found in Georgia, incorporated one or more species and a supposed
confirming their likely origin with Abbot (Calhoun in hostplant, oraplantinsertedfordecorativepurposes,2)
press). Swainson movedfrom London to NewZealand adults andearlystages ofone or more species, grouped
216 Journalofthe Lepidopterists' Society
in a linear format, 3) geometric designs o( adults of Calhoun,J.V. 2003. ThehistoryandtrueidentityofMelitaeaisme-
multiple species, and 4) one or two figures of adults ria(Boisduval&:LeConte):aremarkabletaleofduplication,mis-
—interpretationandpresumption. Lepid. Soc.57:204-219.
and/or early stages on small pieces of paper. This . 2004. Histoiregeneraleet icoJ.nographiedes Lepidoptereset
flexibilityallowed Abbot to sell more ofhis drawings. des chenilles de lAmerique septentrionale by Boisduval & Le
Abbot's relationship with Le Conte was coming to Conte (1829-[1837]): original drawings for the engraved plates
andthetrueidentitiesoffourfiguredtaxa. Lepid.Soc.58:143-
close by 1S36 when he lamented, "I have no —16S. J.
correspondents (Naturalists) at present but Mr Oemler . 2005. Asignatureworthathousandwords. News Lepid. Soc.
t&o MH.rELsechCero-nZtoell&ikoIfdeorn,'KtrhoecahrLfirbormardy)i.emUnoffotretn"un(altetetleyr 4t.7or:2y1010o46f..thAegralriemrpsleepiindtoopate"rfoluosraientseecnttsomooflGoegoirag"i:atbheynatEu.raSlmhiitsh-
J.
theirlongassociationwas strainedandultimatelyended andJ.Abbot(1797). J. Lepid. Soc.60:1-37.
badly. Abbot stated in 1814 that the lowprice that Le . Inpress. JohnAbbot'sbutterflydrawings forWilliam Swain-
son,includinggeneralcommentsaboutAbbot'sartisticmethods
Conte paid for his drawings would "not admit me to andwrittenobservations. Lepid.Soc.
J.
makeitmysoleemployment" (KrochLibrary). In 1851, Cowan,C. F. 1969. HistoiregeneraleeticonographiedesLepidop-
many years after Abbot's death, Augustus G. Oemler teresetdeschenilles de l'Ameriqueseptentrionale. J. Soc. Bib-
liog. Nat. His.5:125-134.
defended Abbot to Thaddeus W. Harris, arguing, "Le Cramer,P. [1775-1776]. DeuitlandischeKapellenvoorkamendein
Conte brags a good deal that he "maintained Abbot for de drie Waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America. Vol. 1. S. J.
seeavcehrailnyseecatr,s."larHgoewordisdmahlel,doinit?natHuerealalnodweda hciormrefcotr Dow,2B2aR:a.6l5dP-;.71U19t.1r4eac.ht,JoBhanrAtbhbeolte,myofWiGledo.r,giAam.sJt.eNredawmY.or1k55Enppt.o,mo9l6.piS.oc.
portrait of it, the enormous sum of Six and a quarter . 1914b. Thegreatestcoleopterist.J. NewYorkEntomol. Soc.
Cents, and after all, disputing the last bill of the old Gilbe22r:t,18P5.-119919.8. JohnAbbot: birds,butterfliesandotherwonders.
man, thus cheatinghim" (Mayr Library). Merrell Holberton, London. 128pp.
Henkels, S.V. &Co. (firm). 1884. Catalogueofthevaluableento-
Acknowledgements mologicallibraryofthelateJohn L. LeConte, M.D. ofPhiladel-
SocIietthyanLkibrVaarlyerfioer-AhnenreasLsuitsztanocfetdhueriAnmgermiycavnisitPhainlodsoppahtiiceanlt Tpfhueierase,ddabyaet,inWpguebdtlnhieecsmsdoaalsyetaeinimtdphoTerrhtuairnnstdEaluyirboarfpatreyeroonrononAesmn.etroMimacoayl,o6gtthyo,eb7vteehrsaoonlfdd-
dalisloigaerncreanignesdeafrorchpihnogtfoogrrmaaptheyrioailstpheertbuitnteenrtfltyodthriaswistnugdsy.. SFhoer 8th, 1884,at330o'clockeachday. No. 133. Stan.V. Henkels&
pkDiranondvlaiydFaeildslhoceworipn(igeMsaacycorefsLsniubtrmoaemrray)no.uusscPraliterptittcsek,rsJI.ftShrtaoenvmkenARsbob(boKetrr.otcYhoLLuiinnbdgraaarnyLd). LeCoCoofn.tt,heeP,hgiJ.elnaEdu.eslp1Uh8ti2ra4i.ac.u5l2aOrbpispae..rAvnant.ioLnsycoenutmheNaNto.rtHhisA.mNeeriwcaYonrskpe1c:i7e2s-
Oestry (Missouri Botanical Garden Library) searched for 79.
1824b. Observations on the North American species ofthe
information about the sale of the drawings to the American g.enusGratiola.Ann.LyceumNat.His. NewYork. 1:101-108.
Philosophical Society and supplied copies ofarticles about Le
1828. Observations on the North American species of the
CC(LooiHbnnerttsaeebr''yuss)r,gpphallsaaLnnwittberlalddrrryaa)asw.wilininIgbgsras.alrsiowanatAshsdadininoktbittMohaneaiarnlEyendtiEolnlfmfeoornrolmmoBagrtyoiBooeLknnisbar(abPHroaayunr,ctgirTeehLtreeta MackgGa.eelnolur,gsiLVa.ioLlLia.b.ra1Ar9ny3n1a..tWLCoyarctmeaslulomogeuN,eatIo.sflHetihose.fWHNyoempwbeeYnroerlakyr.JS2oa:nv1e3as5n-nD1a5eh3,.RGeenonre-
iuNnnarttiuhvreaaillreHdciasertxeop.reyrtJMiasumeseeswuitmKh.,GLAeodonardmgosina,(fmDooartlhatcsoc.nesCsoEtliolleeAgebenb)oCts.hdaMrraaetwdhiinhagisss MallgiBirsau,.n3sAwv.iolcs1k.9,7P1Nr.ievawAtmeJleeyrrsiPercyi.ann5te4ed9n,tpoWpmo.orlmosgliostes,.GReuotrggeiar.s Univ. Pr., New
s(PLihEetiwCyl)eoalndalteneldSp.ahliReIao)baSemtrseutawplapKsrl.otiegRdrLoaitbbcerbofaipurnilyes,sto(AoRcNfoaMbdlNeeertHmtt.eyrDsiUorwfSirgNiNtaM(ttC)euonrranfbleolyrlSccJrUioinethininvccaeelrsLl-,.y NieupwFUwlhtrlariotiacemcnhsudlto,aahfrreeiJt.ahAaAenap.nnpaadue(letnsdGhd.ro)oear.f,tditod1phle9heas1ot7tLbi.oyyngecrJdOeaobupthsmhonesriovBlofalfut[sNisttioerhcna]ewtseLhYoeitonthrhCektesohrente(to1we8go.u2er4nnk-pesA1u.r8bar2le6VNip)iros,oithlnretated.,o
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