Jobs and Trainings in the 1980s: Vocational Policy and the Labor Market PDF
Preview Jobs and Trainings in the 1980s: Vocational Policy and the Labor Market
Jobs and Training in the 1980s BOSTON STUDIES IN APPLIED ECONOMICS General Editors: PETER B. DOERINGER, Boston University GUSTAV F. PAPANEK, Boston University SERIES ON LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT Editorial Board: PETER B. DOERINGER, Boston University JOHN T. DUNLOP, Harvard University MICHAEL J. PIORE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology JOBS AND TRAINING IN THE 1980s Vocational Policy and the Labor Market EDITED BY PETER B. DOERINGER BRUCE VERMEULEN MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHING BOSTON /THE HAGUE/LONDON DISTRIBUTORS FOR NORTH AMERICA: Martinus Nijhoff Publishing K1uwer Boston, Inc. 190 Old Derby Street Hingham, Massachusetts 02043, U.S.A. DISTRIBUTORS OUTSIDE NORTH AMERICA: K1uwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Centre P.O. Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Jobs and training in the eighties. (Boston studies in applied economics; 2) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Vocational education - United States - Ad dresses, essays, lectures. 2. Occupational training - United States - Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Doeringer, Peter B. II. Vermeulen, Bruce. III. Series. LCI045.J55 370.11'3'0973 80-28370 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8161-4 e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-8159-1 DOl: 10.1 007/978-94-009-8159-1 Chapter 6, "Vocational Education and the Work Establishment of Youth," by Sue E. Berry man, was originally published by the Aspen Systems Corporation of Germantown, Md., under a contract with the Rand Corporation. This writing is in the public domain. It is reprinted with the cooperation of the Rand Corporation. Copyright © 1981 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishing Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1981 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without written permission from the publisher. CONTENTS Foreword by Francis Keppel vii 1 OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR THE 1980s Peter B. Doeringer 2 THE NONSYSTEM OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING Wellford W. Wilms 19 3 OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING: GOALS AND PERFORMANCE Patricia Flynn Pannell 50 4 THE IMPACT OF WORKPLACE PRACTICES ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY Bruce Vermeulen and Susan Hudson-Wilson 72 5 CAREER PATHS AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Donna E. Olszewski 88 v vi CONTENTS 6 VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND THE WORK ESTABLISHMENT OF YOUTH Sue E. Berryman 118 7 LABOR MARKET PROJECTIONS FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING Susan Hudson-Wilson 158 8 ACCELERATING THE TRANSITION FROM SCHOOLS TO CAREERS Bruce Vermeulen 173 About the Contributors 205 FOREWORD In February 1979, I wrote to the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation seeking sup port for the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies to embark on a policy oriented program in vocational education. The reason for the request, which was generously granted by the foundation, was stated as follows: The federal program on vocational education dates from World War I. Impor tant changes were made in later legislation in 1963 and 1976, affecting the pro grams conducted by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The recently enacted Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) of the Department of Labor has brought large federal support to efforts to reduce unemployment, especially for youth, by providing preparatory training. It may be an understatement to report that the programs of these two government departments have lacked adequate coordination in Washington or in the field. Certainly there is a long way to go in improving both policy and program, and an opportunity presents itself in preparing the policies to be proposed to the Con gress when the vocational education program next comes up for reconsideration in 1980 and 1981. Responsibility for preparing the administration's position and recom mendations lies with the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation of HEW, Michael O'Keefe. His office is prepared to finance the studies that should be prepared as the basis for a workshop in Aspen (of which more later) in vii viii FOREWORD the hope that Aspen can bring together a broadly representative group to consider the various possibilities for policy and programs, and to make recommendations. We turned to Professor Peter B. Doeringer of Boston University for leadership in planning and directing the studies that form the majority of the chapters of this book. Professor Wellford W. Wilms of the University of California prepared a study dealing particularly with issues within the field of vocational education itself, and he and all the other authors took part in the Aspen discussions. The Department of Health, Education and Welfare supported the studies printed here, and the Sloan Foundation sup ported the workshop at Aspen in 1979. The Aspen Institute is deeply grateful to them and to the authors of these papers. They are being published, we hope, at a time when they can be of max imum use to the governmental and educational leaders who will be respon sible for changes in present legislation and programs. FRANCIS KEPPEL Senior Fellow Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies Jobs and Training in the 1980s 1 OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR THE 19805 Peter B. Doeringer The essays in this volume provide a comprehensive review of the system of occupational training and education in the United States, its performance, and the labor market environment in which it operates. It is addressed to a number of audiences. For educators the significance of the labor market as it affects schools is highlighted. For social scientists the importance of dif ferent disciplinary perspectives in assessing educational performance is demonstrated. For policymakers and planners these essays document the persistent shortcomings of this system, identify new developments within the system, and help to pinpoint the key links to jobs that need to be forged if overall performance is to be improved. The 1980s will be a decade of change in the training and education sys tem. The flood of youth into the schools and into the labor market will have receded. The job structure of the economy will be adapting to the impacts of inflation and recession. Federally funded vocational education programs will receive a complete congressional review, and the CET A program is likely to evolve in new directions. It is hoped that these essays will con tribute to the policy debate that will inevitably accompany such change. 1
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