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JNCIA Study Guide - Juniper Networks PDF

628 Pages·2002·6.01 MB·English
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JNCIA Juniper Networks ™ Certified Internet Associate Study Guide by Joseph M. Soricelli with John L. Hammond, Galina Diker Pildush, Thomas E. Van Meter, and Todd M. Warble This book was originally developed by Juniper Networks Inc. in conjunction with Sybex Inc. It is being offered in electronic format because the original book (ISBN: 0-7821-4071-8) is now out of print. Every effort has been made to remove the original publisher's name and references to the original bound book and its accompanying CD. The original paper book may still be available in used book stores or by contacting, John Wiley & Sons, Publishers. www.wiley.com. Copyright © 2003-6 by Juniper Networks Inc. All rights reserved. This publication may be used in assisting students to prepare for a Juniper JNCIA exam but Juniper Networks Inc. cannot warrant that use of this publication will ensure passing the relevant exam. Contents at a Glance Introduction xvii Assessment Test xxxiii Chapter 1 The Components of a Juniper Networks Router 1 Chapter 2 Interfaces 61 Chapter 3 Protocol-Independent Routing 107 Chapter 4 Routing Policy 149 Chapter 5 The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 195 Chapter 6 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 229 Chapter 7 Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) 275 Chapter 8 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) 321 Chapter 9 Multicast 373 Chapter 10 Firewall Filters 429 Chapter 11 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 473 Glossary 533 Index 569 Contents Introduction xvii Assessment Test xxxiii Chapter 1 The Components of a Juniper Networks Router 1 Juniper Networks Router Design 2 Routing Engine Overview 3 Packet Forwarding Engine Overview 4 Routing Engine Components 6 Software Architecture 6 Command-Line Interface 13 Manipulating Files on the Router 44 Routing Engine Redundancy 46 Packet Forwarding Engine Components 47 Embedded OS Software 47 Application-Specific Integrated Circuits 47 Packet Flow 49 Summary 52 Exam Essentials 52 Key Terms 54 Review Questions 55 Answers to Review Questions 59 Chapter 2 Interfaces 61 Types of Interfaces 62 Permanent Interfaces 62 Transient Interfaces 63 Interface Naming 63 Interface Naming Structure 64 Interface Naming Examples 67 Interface Properties 68 Physical Properties 68 Logical Properties 70 Disabling or Deactivating an Interface 73 Configuration Examples 74 IP Version 4 75 IPv6 Support 80 IS-IS Support 82 MPLS Support 84 Useful Interface Commands 85 show interfaces extensive 85 iv monitor interface 88 monitor traffic 89 show arp 90 ping 90 ping atm 91 traceroute 91 Contents Interface Diagnostic Commands 92 Loopback Testing 93 BERT Testing 96 Summary 98 Exam Essentials 98 Key Terms 99 Review Questions 100 Answers to Review Questions 104 Chapter 3 Protocol-Independent Routing 107 Configured Routes 108 Static Routes 108 Aggregated Routes 116 Generated Routes 121 Martian Routes 126 JUNOS software Implementation 127 Configuration Examples 127 JUNOS software Routing Tables 131 Table inet.0 131 Table inet.1 132 Table inet.2 133 Table inet.3 133 Table inet.4 134 Table inet6.0 134 Table mpls.0 134 Table bgp.l3vpn.0 135 Table bgp.l2vpn.0 135 JUNOS software Preference Values 136 Load Balancing 137 Summary 140 Exam Essentials 140 Key Terms 141 Review Questions 142 Answers to Review Questions 147 Chapter 4 Routing Policy 149 What Is a Routing Policy? 150 The Routing Table 150 Contents v Why Modify the Routing Table? 151 Changing the Map 153 Forming a Policy 153 Composing a Routing Policy 153 Match Conditions 157 Actions 169 Default Policy 171 Applying Routing Policies 173 RIP Policy Application 173 Link-State IGP Policy Application 174 BGP Policy Application 174 Useful JUNOS software Commands 176 Configuring Multiple Policies 177 insert 177 rename 178 show route Options 180 Summary 183 Exam Essentials 184 Key Terms 185 Review Questions 186 Answers to Review Questions 192 Chapter 5 The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 195 Overview of RIP 196 RIP Features 197 RIP Operations 199 Input Processing 199 Output Processing 201 Stability Features 201 Timers 203 Limitations 205 Packet Types 206 Version 1 Packet Format 207 Version 2 Packet Format 208 RIPv2 Extensions 209 JUNOS software Configuration 210 Minimum RIP Configuration 210 Applying Export Policy 212 Applying Import Policy 214 Modifying the Incoming Metric 215 Modifying the Outgoing Metric 216 Configuring Authentication 216 Controlling Route Preference 217 Configuring Update Messages 218 vi Configuring the Number of Route Entries in an Update Message 220 Accepting Packets Whose Reserved Fields Are Nonzero 220 Summary 221 Exam Essentials 221 Key Terms 222 Contents Review Questions 223 Answers to Review Questions 227 Chapter 6 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 229 Basic OSPF Operation 230 Link-State Protocol Review 230 Packet Types 232 Forming Adjacencies 238 Evolution of an OSPF Network 242 The Router LSA 242 Broadcast Networks 243 Scaling an OSPF Network 246 Non-OSPF Routes 250 Additional Scaling Techniques 252 OSPF Configuration 255 Single OSPF Area 255 Multiple OSPF Areas 258 JUNOS software Commands 259 Troubleshooting Your Configuration 259 Troubleshooting the Routing Protocol 261 Summary 266 Exam Essentials 267 Key Terms 268 Review Questions 269 Answers to Review Questions 273 Chapter 7 Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) 275 Overview of IS-IS 276 Link-State Review 277 IS-IS Levels 278 Addressing 282 Protocol Specifics 284 IS-IS Adjacency States 284 General IS-IS Information Exchange 284 Protocol Data Units 285 Command-Line Interface 298 Configuration Commands 298 Verification and Troubleshooting Commands 303 Contents vii Comparison to OSPF 311 Summary 312 Exam Essentials 312 Key Terms 313 Review Questions 314 Answers to Review Questions 318 Chapter 8 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) 321 Overview of BGP 322 Network Connectivity 322 Policy Control 323 Reliable Transport 324 Routing Table Scalability 325 Theory of Operation 326 Peers 327 Establishing Relationships 332 Message Types 333 Routing Information Bases 337 The Route Selection Process 338 BGP Attributes 339 Juniper Networks Implementation 345 Establishing Peer Relationships 346 Viewing Routing Knowledge 353 Solving Next Hop Reachability 357 Summary 365 Exam Essentials 365 Key Terms 366 Review Questions 367 Answers to Review Questions 371 Chapter 9 Multicast 373 Multicast Overview 374 Unicast Transmissions 375 Broadcast Transmissions 376 Multicast Transmissions 377 Multicast Addressing 377 IP Group Addresses 378 Ethernet Addresses 380 Multicast Forwarding 383 Reverse Path Forwarding 383 Dense-Mode Forwarding 386 Sparse-Mode Forwarding 388 viii Multicast Protocols 390 Internet Group Management Protocol 390 Protocol Independent Multicast 393 JUNOS software Commands 403 IGMP Configuration 404 PIM Configuration 406 Contents show pim neighbors 417 show pim join extensive 418 show pim source 418 show multicast rpf 419 show multicast route 420 show route table inet.1 420 show multicast usage 420 Summary 421 Exam Essentials 421 Key Terms 422 Review Questions 423 Answers to Review Questions 427 Chapter 10 Firewall Filters 429 Firewall Filter Overview 430 Implementing a Firewall Filter 431 Writing the Firewall Filter 431 Processing Filters 432 Segmenting Filters 433 The Default Action 434 Match Conditions 434 Actions 446 Applying Firewall Filters 452 Protecting the Routing Engine 453 Rate Policing 455 Rate Limits 455 Filter Policers 456 Interface Policers 458 JUNOS software Commands 459 show firewall 460 show firewall log 460 show log messages 461 clear firewall 462 show interfaces filters 462 show interfaces policers 462 show policer 463 insert 463 rename 464 Contents ix Summary 464 Exam Essentials 465 Key Terms 465 Review Questions 466 Answers to Review Questions 470 Chapter 11 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 473 The Creation of MPLS 474 The History of Traffic Engineering and MPLS 475 IP Routing 475 ATM and Overlay Networks 476 SONET and MPLS 478 MPLS Operations 480 Terminology 480 Packet Processing 485 Establishing an LSP 486 Signaling Protocols 488 MPLS Implementation 493 Configuring a Static LSP 494 Configuring a Dynamic LSP 500 Altering the RSVP Protocol 510 Routing Table Integration 516 Summary 524 Exam Essentials 525 Key Terms 526 Review Questions 527 Answers to Review Questions 531 Glossary 533 Index 569 Introduction Greetings and welcome to the world of Juniper Networks. This introductory section serves as a loca- tion to pass on to you some pertinent information concerning the Juniper Networks Technical Cer- tification Program. In addition, you’ll find information about how the book itself is laid out and what it contains. Finally, we’ll review some technical information that you should already know before reading this book. Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program The Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program (JNTCP) consists of two platform- specific, multitiered tracks. Each exam track allows participants to demonstrate their compe- tence with Juniper Networks technology through a combination of written proficiency and hands-on configuration exams. Successful candidates demonstrate a thorough understanding of Internet technology and Juniper Networks platform configuration and troubleshooting skills. The two JNTCP tracks focus on the M-series Routers & T-series Routing Platforms and the ERX Edge Routers, respectively. While some Juniper Networks customers and partners work with both platform families, it is most common to find individuals working with only one or the other platform. The two different certification tracks allow candidates to pursue specialized cer- tifications, which focus on the platform type most pertinent to their job functions and experi- ence. Candidates wishing to attain a certification on both platform families are welcome to do so, but are required to pass the exams from each track for their desired certification level. This book covers the M-series & T-series track. For information on the ERX Edge Routers certification track, please visit the JNTCP website at http:// www.juniper.net/certification. M-series Routers & T-series Routing Platforms The M-series Routers certification track consists of four tiers. They include the following: Juniper Networks Certified Internet Associate (JNCIA) The Juniper Networks Certified Internet Associate, M-series, T-series Routers (JNCIA-M) certification does not have any prerequisites. It is administered at Prometric testing centers worldwide. Juniper Networks Certified Internet Specialist (JNCIS) The Juniper Networks Certified Internet Specialist, M-series, T-series Routers (JNCIS-M) certification also does not have any prerequisites. Like the JNCIA-M, it is administered at Prometric testing centers worldwide. Juniper Networks Certified Internet Professional (JNCIP) The Juniper Networks Certified Internet Professional, M-series, T-series Routers (JNCIP-M) certification requires that candi- dates first obtain the JNCIS-M certification. The hands-on exam is administered at Juniper Net- works offices in select locations throughout the world. Juniper Networks Certified Internet Expert (JNCIE) The Juniper Networks Certified Inter- net Expert, M-series, T-series Routers (JNCIE-M) certification requires that candidates first

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The Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program (JNTCP) consists of two . level and it is meant to be a stand-alone certification fully recognized and wor-.
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