Jim Barry, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

25 Pages·2010·3.65 MB·English

Ocean Acidification and Ocean Biology:
Jim Barry, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Ocean Acidification Effects on the West Coast Shellfish Industry, SCCWRPA, 2010
Ocean Acidification and Ocean Biology:
Jim Barry, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Ocean Acidification Effects on the West Coast Shellfish Industry, SCCWRPA, 2010
• Physiological stress related to OA
• Cross Section of field (and some lab) studies
Turley et al
Physiological Effects on Organisms
• Calcification
• Respiratory Stress
• Acid-Base Balance / Enzyme
Function
• Metabolic Depression
Reduced Calcification
Pteropod Normal CO2
High CO2
Riebesell et al 2000
OA may affect calcification in many taxa
• Clams, snails, sea stars, urchins, crabs,
shrimps, corals, …
• Calcareous echinoderms largely absent
from naturally high CO2 sites
Corals,
Echinoderms
Foraminifera assemblage during the
End-Cretaceous extinctions
Post-impact – small forams
Microtectites
Shocked quartz
Pre-impact – large forams
Acidosis and Enzyme Activity
• Enzymes optimized for pH
Normal pH Range
• Poor ion control can lead to
y
t
acidosis i
v
i
t
• Consequences of >CO
c
2
A

e
m
y
z
n
E
pH
Acidosis and Enzyme Activity
• Enzymes optimized for pH
OA pH Range
• Poor ion control can lead to
y
t
acidosis i
v
i
t
• Consequences of >CO
c
2
A

• Reduced enzyme activity under >CO e
2 m
• Reduced or inefficient cellular function y
z
(e.g. protein synthesis) n
E
pH
CO Excretion is Diffusive
2
n
o
i
t
a
r
t
n
e
c
n
o
C
2
O
C
CO Excretion is Diffusive
2
n
o
i
t
a
r
t
n
e
c
n
o
C
2
O
C
Metabolic Depression Compromises Performance
Normal
High CO2 Ocean
Cost of
Reproduction
Living
pH compensation
Energy
Higher
Budget Cost of
Living
Growth
Metabolic Depression