Jewish Responses to Anti-Semitism , in Germany 1870-1914 ALUMNI SERIES OF THE HEBREW UNION COLLEGE PRESS Jewish Responses to Anti-Sem itism in Germany, 1870-1914 A Study in the History of Ideas by Sanford Ragins Hebrew Union College Press CINCINNATI OHIO 1980 © COPYRIGHT 1980 HEBREW UNION COLLEGE PRESS Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Ragins, Sanford. Jewish responses to anti-Semitism in Germany, 1870-1914. (Alumni series of the Hebrew Union College Press ISSN 0192-2904) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Jews in Germany—Politics and government. 2. Antisemitism—Germany. 3. Centralverein Deutscher Staatsbürger Jüdischen Glaubens. 4. Zionism—Germany. 5. Germany—Ethnic relations. I. Title. II. Series. DS135.G33R33 305.8'924'043 80-13202 ISBN 0-87820-115-7 MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA This book is published under the auspices of the Rabbinic Alumni Association of Hebrew Union College—Jewish Institute of Re ligion. A quinquennial fund to which its members contribute is set aside for the specific purpose of encouraging members of the Association to pursue studies in Judaism with the prospect of publication. Alfred Gottschalk President, Hebrew Union College— Jewish Institute of Religion Norman Kahan President, Rabbinic Alumni Association Walter Jacob Chairman, Publications Committee of the Rabbinic Alumni Association For Masayo, and for our children, Arona, Noam, and Yohanna TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface xi 1. The Background 1 2. Jewish Responses to Anti-Semitism, 1879-1893 23 3. The Central verein 45 4. First-Generation Zionists 104 5. Second-Generation Zionists 132 Conclusion 161 164 Abbreviations 165 Notes 214 Bibliography 223 Index