Jewish Integration in the German Army in the First World War PDF
Preview Jewish Integration in the German Army in the First World War
DavidJ.Fine JewishIntegrationintheGermanArmy intheFirstWorldWar New Perspectives on Modern Jewish History Edited by Cornelia Wilhelm Volume 2 David J. Fine Jewish Integration in the German Army in the First World War DE GRUYTER isbn978-3-11-026796-9 e-isbn978-3-11-026816-4 issn2192-9645 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ACIPcatalogrecordforthisbookhasbeenappliedforattheLibraryofCongress. BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutsche Nationalbibliografie;detailedbibliographicdataareavailableintheInternet athttp://dnb.dnb.de. ©2012WalterdeGruyterGmbH&Co.KG,Berlin/Boston Typesetting:MetaSystemsGmbH,Wustermark Printing:Hubert&Co.GmbH&Co.KG,Göttingen ∞Printedonacid-freepaper PrintedinGermany www.degruyter.com For Alla Acknowledgements Thiswork,originallymydoctoraldissertation,istheresultofoveradecadeof reading, thinking and learning. I am grateful to Julia Sneeringer, my doctoral advisor, who gently pushed me in the right directions and never lost faith in me.Ialsothankthemembersofmydoctoraldefensecommitteefortheirhelp- ful and challenging comments: Dagmar Herzog, Tim Alborn, Robert Seltzer and Jay Lockenour. And I am thankful for some critical encouragement from Werner Angress that I was not wrong in my assumptions. I am grateful to the Graduate Center of the City University of New York for its support of my work andsponsorshipofmydissertation.IamgratefultothestaffsoftheBavarian StateCentral Archive,Military Section(Abteilung IV)in Munich,of theJewish MuseumArchiveinBerlin,andofthelibraryoftheLeoBaeckInstituteinNew York. I am grateful to Maureen Nassan for her technical assistance, and to Suzanne and Joshua Holden, Waltraud Unger, and my parents Robert and HeleneFineforhelpwiththearduoustaskofediting.IthankWalterHomolka formakinganimportantintroductionforme,andIamgratefulforthewonder- fulteamfromdeGruyter,includingCorneliaWilhelm,JuliaBrauchandFlorian Altenhöfer. I cannot begin to express my debt of gratitude to my wife Alla for all her support. All photographs and translations are my own except where otherwise no- ted. All errors are mine alone. Table of Contents Acknowledgments vii List of Tables xi List of Illustrations xii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 The Story of a Minority 1 Jewish Patriotism 10 The Judenzählung of 1916 14 Jewish Participation in the German War Effort 16 Chapter 2: Religion at the Front 19 Chapter 3: Encountering Eastern European Jewry 71 Discomforting Encounters 75 Neutral Encounters 82 Comforting Encounters 87 Chapter 4: Antisemitism and Integration 95 Experiencing Antisemitism 96 Promotion of Jewish Soldiers as Officers 100 Jewish Reserve Officers Before the War 105 Evidence for Integration in the Bavarian Army During the War 111 Integration Without Antisemitism 127 Afterword 129 The Germanness of the German Jew 129 Appendix: A Selection of Cited Sources from the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums 131 x TableofContents Bibliography 167 Primary Sources 167 Secondary Sources 169 Index of Persons 179
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