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Jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass graves in Lithuania : a report on a survey for the U.S. Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad PDF

2015·8.4 MB·English
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C , G°^^W^°0 ^ * ^OV o; /g®.*- ^ «bv* i : . >»■ x « «. ^ g^'v ** -4 r> ♦° ' O AU/> x v° ^ to r, + V ^j> - to V Wto ii1- ^ JV ° ‘va?»sViJ » ^y ^ IV % J? \*«t .A ^ ^ *7^7** A ✓> *„ \V ^ X), *7AaV A rcr *c°* ** Ax a^ .♦L/t ^ ro^„c'°l V\ /V V °o A %♦ % «cA * c°r** V°. y •j'ov^ ; >*»(--,*■ «= «». •*! ‘ ; n>^ -™'- A A™. - »: *°-<k *^SP,%« ^ t®: *°v *«. ^ ai. /-\ * _/S«\k EA ■>■ . ( ,. V» *>°?.«* • °° '\\/* V:MV;W' ^ A* ^ * A-^ A5v .Jgfc AA ° // ...V‘A4V * A ^*0, %. ajF *» < ’o V / O y AV^ * 0 /\ »0w; ^v *«K/ a\ ^ 0yT TX» ^ l/c<?S5'J ,♦ a/ ^j> -V ^ V * A U*%V° * V^'X' * * A* Vv> ^ « ^ . A - m ; 0 0 \<$ 0 BM 653 ' . J52 2015 Copy 1 JEWISH CEMETERIES, SYNAGOGUES, AND MASS GRAVES IN LITHUANIA United States Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad 2015 UNITED STATES COMMISSION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF AMERICA’S HERITAGE ABROAD Lesley Weiss, Chair Washington, DC Members: Harley Lippman Ned W. Handler New York, NY Bridgewater, CT Warren L. Miller Herbert Block McLean, VA White Plains, NY Jonathan J. Rikoon Tyrone C. Fahner Far Rockaway, NY Evanston, IL Harriet Rotter Emil A. Fish Bingham Farms, MI Pasadena, CA Eric D. Schwerin Jules Fleischer Washington, DC Brooklyn, NY Lee R. Seeman Martin B. Gold Great Neck, NY Washington, DC Joan E. Silber Brian Greenspun St. Louis, MO Las Vegas, NV Richard H. Weisberg Michael B. Levy New York, NY Washington, DC Gary P. Zola Rachmiel Liberman Cincinnati, OH Brookline, MA 25 Massachusetts Avenue, NW - Suite 300 Washington, DC 20001 Tel.: (202) 254-3824, Fax: (202) 254-3934 uscommi ssion@heritageabroad .gov wvAv.heritageabroad.gov Table of Contents IftAfJSFEg. I. Origin, Mission, and Development of the Survey.1 II. A Brief History of Jewish Settlement in Lithuania.1 1. Jewish Life and Jewish Cultural Sites in Lithuania Today.2 2. Jewish Tourism in Lithuania.3 3. Jew ish Museums.3 4. Other Jew ish Institutions.5 III. Overview: Jewish Monuments in Lithuania.5 1. Synagogues.7 Table I: Select Surviving Synagogues and Former Synagogue Buildings.10 2. Jew ish Cemeteries.17 a. Cemeteries in Vilnius and Kaunas.17 b. Cemeteries Elsewhere in Lithuania.19 c. General Site Descriptions.20 d. Appearance and Condition.20 e. Gravestones and Memorial Markers.21 f. Structures.22 g. Current Use.22 h. Cemetery Care and Restoration.23 i. Additional Information.23 3. Holocaust Sites in Lithuania.24 a. Paneriai.24 b. Ninth Fort.24 c. Other Holocaust Sites.25 Table II: Jew ish Cemeteries by District and Local Population.31 Table III: Signage, Walls, and Gates at Cemeteries.37 Table IV: Area of Lithuanian Jewish Cemetery Sites and Condition of Stones by Municipality.48 Table V: Ow nership and Use of Structures w ithin Lithuanian Jew ish Cemetery Sites by Municipality.54 List of Holocaust Mass Grave Sites in Lithuania.61 APPENDIX I: CONTACT ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS.67 APPENDIX II: SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY.70 Acknowledgements This report is based on data gathered during a survey conducted in 2001 through 2003 but adds subsequent information as well. Yaacov Gurin directed the survey with the participation of Larisa Dubianskaja, Viktorija Jagniatinskaja, Aleksandras Kaganovicius, Davidas Kocas, Helidor Sienkievic, and Aleksandr Skulov. Samuel D. Gruber drafted this report, which was finalized by Jeffrey L. Farrow, Katrina A. Krzysztofiak, and Sarah Roosa. The Commission gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the late Dr. Simonas Alperavicius, then Chair of the Jewish Communities of Lithuania, and Yosif Levinson, then Vice-Chair and the head of the Commission for Maintenance of Jewish Cemeteries and Sites of Massacre. Thanks are also expressed to Ruth Ellen Gruber for providing updates and photographs, and to Michael Ellis, Vanessa Flyer, Saul Issroff, Bruce Kahn, and Rachel Kostanian. We mourn the death of Dr. Alperavicius in March 2014. Front cover picture: Kalvarija Beit Midrash Library of Congress 201 5 370315 April 23, 2015 Message from the Chair One of the principal missions that United States law assigns the Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad is to identify and report on cemeteries, monuments, and historic buildings in Central and Eastern Europe associated with the cultural heritage of U.S. citizens, especially endangered sites. The Congress and the President were prompted to establish the Commission because of the special problem faced by Jewish sites in the region. The populations that had once cared for the properties were annihilated during the Holocaust. The atheistic Communist Party dictatorships that succeeded the Nazis throughout most of the region were insensitive to American Jewish concerns about preservation of the sites. Properties were converted to other uses or encroached upon by development. Natural deterioration was not counteracted. Vandalism often went unchecked. This report identifies and discusses Jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass gravesites in the Republic of Lithuania. I hope that the report will encourage preservation efforts and assist American Jews of Lithuanian descent to connect with the last remnants of their heritage in Lithuania. The Commission is also required by U.S. law to seek assurances from the governments of the region regarding the protection and preservation of these cultural heritage properties. I am pleased to note that the governments of the United States and Lithuania entered into a Commission-negotiated agreement regarding the protection and preservation of certain cultural properties in 2002. The agreement covers the sites identified in this report. Lesley Weiss Chair

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