Jesuit Survival and Restoration: A Global History, 1773-1900

553 Pages·2014·8.409 MB·English

by  Robert Aleksander Maryks

Jesuit Survival and Restoration
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Studies in the History of Christian
Traditions
General Editor
Robert J. Bast (University of Tennessee, Knoxville)
In cooperation with
Paul C.H. Lim (Nashville, Tennessee)
Brad C. Pardue (Point Lookout, Missouri)
Eric Saak (Liverpool)
Christine Shepardson (Knoxville, Tennessee)
Brian Tierney (Ithaca, New York)
Arjo Vanderjagt (Groningen)
John Van Engen (Notre Dame, Indiana)
Founding Editor
Heiko A. Oberman†
VOLUME 178
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/shct
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Jesuit Survival and Restoration
A Global History, 1773–1900
Edited by
Robert A. Maryks
Jonathan Wright
LEIDEN | BOSTON
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Cover illustration: Official stamp of the General Order of Jesuits.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Jesuit survival and restoration : a global history, 1773-1900 / edited by Robert Aleksander Maryks, Jonathan
Wright.
  pages cm. -- (Studies in the history of Christian traditions, ISSN 1573-5664 ; VOLUME 178)
 Includes bibliographical references and index.
 ISBN 978-90-04-28238-4 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Jesuits--History--19th century. 2. Jesuits--History--18th
century. I. Maryks, Robert A., editor.
 BX3706.3.J46 2014
 271’.53--dc23
    2014035816
This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering
Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities.
For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface.
ISSN 1573-5664
ISBN 978-90-04-28238-4 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-28387-9 (e-book)
Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff and Hotei Publishing.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system,
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Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
Fees are subject to change.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Abbreviations xi
Introduction 1
Robert A. Maryks and Jonathan Wright
Part 1
The Historical Context
1 A Restored Society or a New Society of Jesus? 13
Thomas Worcester, S.J.
2 Some Remarks on Jesuit Historiography 1773–1814 34
Robert Danieluk, S.J.
Part 2
The Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania and the
Russian Empire
3 Before and After Suppression
Jesuits and Former Jesuits in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,
c. 1750–1795 51
Richard Butterwick-Pawlikowski
4 The Society of Jesus in the Russian Empire (1772–1820) and the
Restoration of the Order 67
Marek Inglot, S.J.
5 The Połock Academy (1812–1820)
An Example of the Society of Jesus’s Endurance 83
Irena Kadulska
6 Sebastian Sierakowski, S.J. and the Language of Architecture
A Jesuit Life during the Era of Suppression and Restoration 99
Carolyn C. Guile
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vi Contents
Part 3
Central and Western Europe
7 The Jesuit Artistic Diaspora in Germany after 1773 129
Jeffrey Chipps Smith
8 Enduring the Deluge
Hungarian Jesuit Astronomers from Suppression
to Restoration 148
Paul Shore
9 “Est et Non Est”
Jesuit Corporate Survival in England after the Suppression 162
Thomas M. McCoog, S.J.
10 The Exiled Spanish Jesuits and the Restoration of the Society of
Jesus 178
Inmaculada Fernández Arrillaga and Niccolò Guasti
11 The Society of Jesus Under Another Name
The Paccanarists in the Restored Society of Jesus 197
Eva Fontana Castelli
12 Jesuit at Heart
Luigi Mozzi de’ Capitani (1746-1813) between Suppression and
Restoration 212
Emanuele Colombo
13 The Romantic Historian under Charles X
Evaluating Jesuit Restoration in Charles Laumier’s
Résumé de l’Histoire des Jésuites 229
Frédéric Conrod
PART 4
China and Beyond
14 Jesuit Survival and Restoration in China 245
R. Po-chia Hsia
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Contents vii
15 Restoration or New Creation?
The Return of the Society of Jesus to China 261
Paul Rule
16 Rising from the Ashes
The Gothic Revival and the Architecture of the “New” Society
of Jesus in China and Macao 278
César Guillen-Nuñez
17 The Phoenix Rises from its Ashes
The Restoration of the Jesuit Shanghai Mission 299
Paul Mariani, S.J.
18 The Chinese Rites Controversy’s Long Shadow over the Restored
Society of Jesus 315
Jeremy Clarke, S.J.
19 The Province of Madurai Between the Old and New Society
of Jesus 331
Sabina Pavone
Part 5
The Americas
20 The “Russian” Society and the American Jesuits
Giovanni Grassi’s Crucial Role 353
Daniel Schlafly
21 John Carroll, the Catholic Church, and the Society of Jesus in Early
Republican America 368
Catherine O’Donnell
22 The Restoration in Canada
An Enduring Patrimony 386
John Meehan, S.J. and Jacques Monet, S.J.
23 Jesuit Tradition and the Rise of South American Nationalism 399
Andrés I. Prieto
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viii Contents
24 The First Return of the Jesuits to Paraguay 415
Ignacio Telesca
25 Jesuit Restoration in Mexico 433
Perla Chinchilla Pawling
Part 6
Africa
26 Early Departure, Late Return
An Overview of the Jesuits in Africa during the Suppression and after
the Restoration 453
Festo Mkenda, S.J.
27 Hoping Against All Hope
The Survival of the Jesuits in Southern Africa (1875–1900) 467
Aquinata N. Agonga
28 The Jesuits in Fernando Po (1858–1872)
An Incomplete Mission 482
Jean Luc Enyegue, S.J.
Index  503
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List of Illustrations
1.1 Church of Saint-Paul–Saint-Louis, Paris. Exterior, Dome. June 2012 16
1.2 Church of Saint-Paul–Saint-Louis, Paris. Interior. June 2012 17
1.3 Church of Saint-Paul–Saint-Louis, Paris. Façade under restoration.
June 2012 19
1.4 Church of Saint-Paul–Saint-Louis, Paris. Restored. June 2014 20
1.5 Church of Saint-Ignace, Paris. Exterior, Apse. June 2012 21
1.6 Church of Saint-Ignace, Paris, Interior. June 2012 22
6.1 Project for the renovation of the façade of Wawel Cathedral. Elevation and
plan. Sebastian Sierakowski, 1788 103
6.2 Project for a church with a single nave and two rows of chapels. Elevation.
Sebastian Sierakowski 105
6.3 Jesuit church of SS. Peter and Paul, Cracow. Giovanni de Rossis, Józef Britius,
Giovanni Trevano. 1597–1619, consecrated 1635 106
6.4 Southeast bell tower, Collegiate Church of St. Anne, Cracow. Sebastian
Sierakowski. 1775 108
6.5 Clock Tower “Over the Chapter House” (r; dome 1715) and Sigismund Tower
(l; dome 1899), Wawel Cathedral. Cracow 109
6.6 Elevation of the short side and transverse elevation of the Cloth Hall
(Sukiennice). Sebastian Sierakowski 110
6.7 Octagonal wooden chapel; plan, section, elevation. Sebastian Sierakowski. n.d.
Watercolor and ink on paper, 22.4 × 52.7 cm 111
6.8 Piarist church of the Transfiguration, façade. Cracow. Francesco Placidi.
1759–61 113
6.9 Piarist church of the Transfiguration, nave. Cracow. Franz Eckstein, 1733  114
6.10 Studies for capitals, plate XIII, Architektura obeymuiąca wszelki gatunek
murowania i budowania, Vol. 2. Sebastian Sierakowski. 1810 124
6.11 Frontispiece. Architektura obeymuiąca wszelki gatunek murowania i budowania,
Vol. 2. Sebastian Sierakowski. 1812 125
7.1 Johann Leonhard Öxlein, Commemorative Medal for the Suppression of the
Society of Jesus, silver, 1774. Staatliche Münzsammlung, Munich 130
7.2 Christoph Schwarz, Glorification of the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child, center
of the Mary Altarpiece, 1580–1581. Germanisches Nationalmuseum,
Nuremberg 135
7.3 Johann Smissek, The Church of St. Michael’s and the Jesuit College in Munich,
engraving, c. 1644–1650 141
7.4 The Facades of the Church of Mariä Himmelfahrt and the former Jesuit College
in Munich 144
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