Jesuit Schools and Universities in Europe, 1548-1773 PDF
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Jesuit Schools and Universities in Europe 1548–1773 Brill Research Perspectives in Jesuit Studies Editor Robert A. Maryks (Independent Scholar) Editorial Board Ariane Boltanski (Université Rennes 2) Carlos Eire (Yale University) Alison Fleming (Winston-Salem State University) Paul Grendler (University of Toronto, emeritus) Steven Schloesser, S.J. (Loyola University Chicago) Volumes published in this Brill Research Perspectives title are listed at brill.com/rpjs Jesuit Schools and Universities in Europe 1548–1773 By Paul F. Grendler Leiden | Boston This paperback book edition is simultaneously published as issue 1.1 (2019) of Brill Research Perspectives in Jesuit Studies, DOI:10.1163/25897446-12340001. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2018960311 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic s cripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. ISBN 978-90-04-39111-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-90-04-39112-3 (e-book) Copyright 2019 by Paul F. Grendler. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents List of Maps vii Jesuit Schools and Universities in Europe 1548–1773 1 Paul F. Grendler Abstract 1 Keywords 1 Part 1: Schools 1 1 The First School: Goa, Gandía, or Messina? 1 2 Basic Bibliography and Organization 6 3 The Schools Are the Most Important Ministry 10 4 College and School 12 5 Jesuit Islands 14 6 The Curriculum 15 7 Jesuit Civic Humanism 19 8 The Upper School: Philosophy and Theology 23 9 The Roman College 27 10 Classes and Enrollments 29 11 Pedagogical Practices and Classroom Culture 33 12 The Social Composition of the Students 38 13 Jesuit Boarding Schools 41 14 Schools in Eastern Europe 43 15 Noble Boarding Schools 45 16 Roman National Colleges 48 17 Jesuit Schools in France 53 18 Jesuit Schools: Conclusions 66 Part 2: Universities 68 1 The First Jesuits and Universities 68 2 The Civic–Jesuit Collegiate University Model 71 3 The University of Coimbra 75 4 The Jesuits and University Degrees 79 5 The Jesuits in Central European Universities 82 6 Italian Civic–Jesuit Universities 85 7 Jesuit Universities 91 8 Universities with Individual Jesuit Professors 95 9 The Jesuits and Spanish Universities 97 10 Universities Warring against Jesuit Schools 100 11 Jesuits and Universities: Conclusions 106 vi Contents Acknowledgment 108 Bibliography Primary Sources 108 Secondary Sources 109 Maps 1 Jesuit schools and universities mentioned in the text 2 2 Jesuit schools in France 54 3 Civic–Jesuit universities and Jesuit universities mentioned in the text 72 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7301824 Jesuit Schools and Universities in Europe, 1548–1773 Paul F. Grendler University of Toronto, Emeritus [email protected] Abstract Paul F. Grendler, noted historian of European education, surveys Jesuit schools and universities throughout Europe from the first school founded in 1548 to the suppres- sion of the Society of Jesus in 1773. The Jesuits were famed educators who founded and operated an international network of schools and universities that enrolled students from the age of eight or ten through doctoral studies. The essay analyzes the organiza- tion, curriculum, pedagogy, culture, financing, relations with civil authorities, enroll- ments, and social composition of students in Jesuit pre-university schools. Grendler then examines the different forms of Jesuit universities. The Jesuits did almost all the teaching in small collegiate universities that they governed. In large civic–Jesuit uni- versities the Jesuits taught the humanities, philosophy, and theology, while lay profes- sors taught law and medicine. The article provides examples ranging from the first Jesuit school in Messina, Sicily, to universities across Europe. It features a complete list of Jesuit schools in France. Keywords schools – universities – education – Jesuits – Europe – France – Italy – German- speaking lands – humanities – philosophy Part 1: Schools 1 The First School: Goa, Gandía, or Messina? The Jesuits founded three schools in the 1540s. Although primacy claims have been advanced for all three, only the school founded in Messina, Sicily, became the model for all future Jesuit schools in Europe. © Paul F. 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