Jay and Ellsworth, The First Courts: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy (ABC-CLIO Supreme Court Handbooks) PDF
Preview Jay and Ellsworth, The First Courts: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy (ABC-CLIO Supreme Court Handbooks)
Jay and Ellsworth, The First Courts www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 ABC-CLIO SUPREME COURT HANDBOOKS The Burger Court,Tinsley E. Yarbrough The Stone Court,Peter G. Renstrom The Warren Court,Melvin I. Urofsky The Fuller Court,James W. Ely, Jr. The Hughes Court,Michael E. Parrish The Jay and Ellsworth Courts,Matthew P. Harrington The Rehnquist Court,Thomas R. Hensley The Taft Court,Peter G. Renstrom The Taney Court,Timothy S. Huebner The Vinson Court,Michal R. Belknap Forthcoming: The Marshall Court,Robert L. Clinton and Christopher B. Budzisz Peter G. Renstrom, Series Editor www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 ABC-CLIO SUPREME COURT HANDBOOKS Jay and Ellsworth, The First Courts Justices, Rulings, and Legacy Matthew P. Harrington Universite de Montreal ABC-CLIO Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 Copyright © 2008 by ABC-CLIO All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani- cal, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quota- tions in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harrington, Matthew P. Jay and Ellsworth, the first courts : justices, rulings and legacy / Matthew P. Harrington. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-57607-841-9 (hard copy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-57607-842-6 (ebook) 1. United States. Supreme Court—History 2. Constitutional law—United States. 3. Jay, John, 1745-1829. 4. Ellsworth, Oliver, 1745-1807. 5. Judges—United States—Biography. I. Title. KF8742.H368 2008 347.73'2609—dc22 2008009349 09 08 07 06 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an e-book. Visit http://www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, Inc. 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116–1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper ∞∞ . Manufactured in the United States of America www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 For Susan www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 Contents Series Foreword, xi Preface, xv 1 The Supreme Court in the Early Republic, 1 Creating the Court, 2 What Kind of Court?, 4 Federal Court Jurisdiction, 4 The Ratification Debates, 7 The First Judiciary Act, 9 Opening for Business, 12 The Federalist Era, 14 Domestic Tensions and the Rise of Political Parties, 15 Foreign Relations, 19 The Alien and Sedition Acts, 25 The Election of 1800 and the End of an Era, 27 References and Further Reading, 29 2 The Justices, 31 George Washington’s Appointments, 31 Washington’s Selection Criteria, 31 The Justices, 33 John Jay (1789), 33 John Rutledge (1789), 39 William Cushing (1789), 45 Robert H. Harrison (1789), 48 John Blair, Jr., 49 James Wilson, 54 James Iredell (1789), 57 Thomas Johnson (1791), 59 vii www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 viii Contents William Paterson (1793), 61 Samuel Chase (1796), 63 Oliver Ellsworth (1796), 66 John Adams Appointments, 68 Bushrod Washington (1798), 68 Alfred Moore (1799), 69 Nominations and Appointments, 71 References and Further Reading, 72 3 Cases and Controversies, 73 Securing Judicial Independence, 73 The Circuit Riding Controversy, 73 Advisory Opinions, 77 Judicial Review and the Separation of Powers, 82 Judicial Review of Federal Legislation, 84 Judicial Review of State Legislation, 89 Federal–State Relations, 97 Suits Against States, 98 Review of State Court Decisions, 116 Revenue and Commerce, 122 Protecting the Revenue: Whiskey Rebels and Fries’ Rebellion, 123 The American Law of Admiralty , 127 Foreign Relations, 130 The Great British Causes, 130 The Neutrality Controversy, 141 Jay’s Treaty and the Quasi-War, 149 Criminal Law, 156 The Common Law of Crimes, 156 The Alien and Sedition Acts, 161 References and Further Reading, 166 4 Legacy and Impact, 167 The Supreme Court’s Role in the New Frame of Government, 167 Advisory Opinions, 167 The Grand Jury and the Political Charge, 171 Judicial Review, 176 Judicial Review of State Legislation, 180 Judicial Review of Acts of Congress, 183 www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 ix Contents Federalism and State Sovereignty, 190 Suits Against States, 193 Conclusion, 200 References and Further Reading, 203 Selected Documents, 205 Key People, Laws, and Events, 225 Chronology, 257 List of Cases, 269 Glossary, 271 Annotated Bibliography, 287 Index, 297 About the Author, 309 www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868
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