Jaqaru: Outline of phonological and morphological structure

133 Pages·2017·8.068 MB·English

by  Martha James Hardman

JAQARU: OUTLINE OF PHONOLOGICAL
AND MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
JANUA LINGUARUM
STUDIA MEMORIAE
NICOLAI VAN WIJK DEDICATA
edenda curai
C. H. VAN SCHOONEVELD
INDIANA UNIVERSITY
SERIES PRACTICA
XXII
1966
MOUTON & CO.
THE HAGUE • PARIS
JAQARU:
OUTLINE OF PHONOLOGICAL
AND
MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
by
M. J. HARDMAN
Instituto Nacional de Estudios Lingüísticos
La Paz, Bolivia
1966
MOUTON & CO.
THE HAGUE • PARIS
© Copyright 1966, Mouton & Co., Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands.
No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm,
or any other means, without written permission from the publishers.
Printed in The Netherlands by Mouton & Co., Printers, The Hague.
FOR DIM AS

PREFACE
For the opportunity to carry on the research necessary to this study and for the
success of the project, I am indebted to a number of people and institutions.
I wish to express my gratitude to the institutions which have supported my re-
search in the field : The National Science Foundation and the Fulbright Commission
of Perú. I wish to thank Stanford University and Dr. Dorothy Huntington for
making available to me the Sound Spectrograph Machine and the Level Recorder,
Cornell University for the use of the Sound Spectrograph, and the University of
Santa Clara for a financial subvention aiding the publication of this study.
I wish to express my gratitude to my professors and members of my doctoral
committee: Dr. Ruth H. Weir, Dr. Aurelio M. Espinosa, Jr., and Dr. Bert Gerow.
I also wish to thank those professors of San Marcos who have helped me : Dr. José
Matos Mar, who first introduced me to the possibility of the study, and Dr. José
María Arguedas.
Special thanks go to Bertha Basurto de Escobar, Architect, who drew the map
for me.
I especially wish to thank the Tupinos, both in Tupe and in Lima, for their hos-
pitality and cooperation, and to express my gratitude to my informants. Last, but
not least, 1 am indebted to my principal informant, Dr. Dimas Bautista Iturrizaga,
without whose ability, interest, and generous help the study would not have been
possible. To him this book is dedicated.

CONTENTS
PREFACE 7
List of Figures and Tables 12
1 INTRODUCTION 13
1.1 Demography 13
1.2 Corpus and Informants 17
1.3 Methodology 18
1.4 Study Outline 19
2 PHONOLOGY 21
2.1 Phonemic Inventory 21
2.2 Description of Phonemes 21
2.21 Consonants 21
2.22 Vowels 24
2.23 Vowel Length 25
2.24 Juncture 25
2.3 Stress 26
2.4 The Syllable and Consonant Clusters 26
2.5 Intonation 26
2.6 Toward an Acoustical Analysis 28
2.7 Morphophonemics 32
2.71 Final Vowels 39
2.72 Neutral Vowel 42
2.73 Geminate Consonant Clusters 42
3 MORPHOLOGY 46
3.1 Verbs 47
3.11 Verb Roots 47
3.12 Verbal Suffixes 47
3.12.1 Verbal Qualifiers 47
3.12.11 Class I: Motion Modifiers 47