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Japan's aid diplomacy and the Pacific islands / Sandra Tarte Tarte, Sandra Canberra : National Centre for Development Studies ; 1998 https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822026124164 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#cc-by-nc-nd-4.0 This work is protected by copyright law (which includes certain exceptions to the rights of the copyright holder that users may make, such as fair use where applicable under U.S. law), but made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license. You must attribute this work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Only verbatim copies of this work may be made, distributed, displayed, and performed, not derivative works based upon it. Copies that are made may only be used for non-commercial purposes. Please check the terms of the specific Creative Commons license as indicated at the item level. For details, see the full license deed at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0. mUNIVERSiITYOnFCALIFOiRNmI,ASANDIEGO Aid 3 1822 02612 4164 / IR PS STACKS HC 681 Islands T37 1998 Sandra Tarte National Centre for Development Studies Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University V Institute of Pacific Studies M The University of the South Pacific UNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNI,ASANDIEGO 3 1822 026124164 GEISEL LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA , SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA , CALIFORNIA Japan's diplomacy and aid the Pacific islands International Relations /Pacific Studies Library University of California , San Diego Please Note: This item is subject to recall after two weeks . Date Due JUL 3.0 2002 MAY 28 1999 3-11-0 1 1 1 Japan's diplomacy aid and the Pacific islands Sandra Tarte Jointly published by NC National Centre for Development Studies Research School of Pacific andAsian Studies DS The Australian National University Canberra Pacific Policy Paper 26 Institute of Pacific Studies University of the South Pacific Suva © Asia Pacific Press, National Centre for Development Studies 1998 This work is copyright . Apart from those uses which may be permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 as amended, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher . r TheNational Centre foDevelopmentStudies gratefully acknowledges the contribution made bythe Australian Agency forInternational Development (AusAID)towards thepublication ofthis series. ISSN 0817-0444 National Library ofAustralia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Tarte,Sandra. Japan'said diplomacyand thePacificislands ISBN 07315 2363 6. 1.Economicassistance,Japanese -Islands ofthe Pacific. 2.Fisheries -Islands ofthe Pacific. 3.Fisheries -Japan. 4.Japan-Foreignrelations -Islands ofthe Pacific. 5.Islands ofthePacific-Foreign relations -Japan.I.Australian National University.National Centre forDevelopmentStudies.II.University oftheSouth Pacific.Institute ofPacific Studies.III.Title.(Series:Pacific policy papers;no. 26). Series editor Maree Tait : Editor Debra Grogan : Pagesetting Debra Grogan : Cover design LujanSheen Design : Cover photograph Australian Agency for International Development : AusAID ( ) y Printed nAustralia bParagon Printers i Contents Tables and Figures vi Acronyms vii Map of the Pacific island region and exclusive economic zones viii 1 Thepolicy challenge 1 2 Japan's aid diplomacy 18 3 Aid policymaking inJapan :procedural and political factors 38 4 Aid and access:the rise of Japan's fisheries aid diplomacy 74 5 Contending interests:theevolving fisheries aid agenda 98 6 TheKuranari doctrine and strategic aid policy 150 7 Regional and multilateral frameworks :adapting aid modalities 193 References 223 Index 237 Photographs ff149 Tables 1.1 Selected Pacific island countries :some basic data 13 2.1 Japan's ODA performance, 1977–93 29 3.1 Japanese think-tanks and policy groups working on Pacific island affairs 70 4.1 Fisheries grant aid to the Pacific island countries as a share ofJapan's total fisheries grant aid, 1973–94 85 4.2 Goods and services as a share of the total access fee in agreements between Japan and Pacific island countries 88 4.3 Exclusive economic zones of Pacific island nations 90 4.4 Japanese access agreements with Pacific island countries 91 4.5 Japan's grant aid and fisheries grants to Pacific island countries ,1975–84 94 5.1 Japan's grant aid and fisheries grants to Pacific island countries, 1985–94 108 5.2 Purse seine vessels by nationality operating in the Pacific island region 122 6.1 Japan's grant aid to Pacific island countries , 1988–93 179 7.1 Forum Secretariat budget,1991–94 196 Figures 3.1 Japan's grant aid program 38 3.2 Grant aid project cycle 41 3.3 Flow chart ofOFCFcooperation 57 4.1 Linkage between aid and access 95 Key to symbols used in tables na. Not applicable Not available - Zero Insignificant Figures are in US$ unless otherwise stated. vi Japan's aiddiplomacy andthePacific islands Acronyms AIDAB Australian International Development Assistance Bureau ATA American Tunaboat Association AusAID Australian Agency orInternational Development f CITES Convention on the International Trade nEndangered Species i ofWild Flora and Fauna c.i.f. Cost,insurance and freight DAC Development Assistance Committee EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone FFA Forum Fisheries Agency JFA Japan Fisheries Association JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LDP Liberal Democratic Party MAFF Ministry ofAgriculture,Forestry and Fisheries MITI Ministry ofInternational Trade and Industry MOF Ministry ofFinance MOFA Ministry ofForeign Affairs ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OECF Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund OFCA Overseas Fisheries Consultants Association OFCF Overseas Fisheries Cooperation Foundation OOF Other Official Flows SPC South Pacific Commission SPEC South Pacific Bureau orEconomic Cooperation f SPREP South Pacific Regional Environment Programme SSFG Small-scale fisheries grants SSGA Small scale grant assistance - USAID United States Agency orInternational Development f V