Japanese spiders of the genus Eriovixia (Araneae: Araneidae)

8 Pages·1999·1.4 MB·

Acta arachnol., 48 (1): 41-48, July 31, 1999
Japanese Spiders of the Genus Eriovixia (Araneae: Araneidae)
Akio Tanikawal~
谷川明男1)日 本産E吻v競 α属のクモ類(ク モ目 コガネグモ科)
Abstract Two species of the genus Eriovixia are recognized to occur in Japan, that
is, Eriovixia pseudocentrodes Bosenberg et Strand, 1906 and Eriovixia sakiedaorum sp.
nov.
Yaginuma and Archer (1959) considered Eriovixia Archer, 1951 as a junior syno-
nym of Heurodes Keyserling, 1886, and Berman and Levi (1971) synonymized Eriovixia
with Neoscona Simon, 1864, but Grasshoff (1986) rejected these synonymies. When I
revised Japanese spiders of Neoscona (Tanikawa 1998), I examined spiders of the genus
Eriovixia as well. As a result, I came to the conclusion that the genus Eriovixia should
not be a junior synonym of Heurodes or Neoscona but an independent genus. My
result agreed with Grasshofs (1986) discussion.
After examining many specimens collected from various parts of Japan, I recognized
two species of the genus Eriovixia to occur in this country. These are one unknown
species and one known species which has been placed in the genus Araneus, A.
pseudocentrodes (Bosenberg et Strand, 1906). The unknown species will be described
as a new species in this paper. Aranea (=Araneus) pseudocentrodes was described by
Bosenberg and Strand (1906) from "Kompira", Saga, Japan. Yaginuma and Archer
(1959) placed it in the genus Heurodes Keyserling, 1886 which they considered as a
senior synonym of Simonarachne Archer, 1951 and Eriovixia. Then Yaginuma consis-
tently placed it in the genus Araneus (Yaginuma 1960, 1970, 1977, 1986, Yaginuma et
al. 1990). I will transfer it to Eriovixia in the present paper.
All the type specimens designated in this paper are deposited in the collection of the
Zoological Department of National Science Museum, Tokyo.
I wish to express my hearty thanks to Dr. Tadashi Miyashita, University of Tokyo,
for critical reading of the manuscript of this paper. I am deeply indebted to Dr. Thomas
G. T. Jaenson, Uppsala University, Mr. Hajime Yoshida, Yamagata, Mr. Ken-ichi
Kumada, Mie, Dr. Nobuo Tsurusaki, Tottori University, the late Dr. Chiyoko Okuma,
for offering valuable specimens used in this study.
1) Shichirigahama Senior High School, 2-3-1, Shichirigahama-higashi, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa,
248-0025 Japan
J I I - °„n F 248-0025 I J !~*r Y~~°„ 2-3-1
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted June 24, 1999
42 Akio Tanikawa
Family Araneidae
Genus Eriovixia Archer, 1951
Eriovixia Archer, 1951, p.18 (type species: Araneus rhinurus Pocock, 1899).
Diagnosis. Eriovixia can be separated from Neoscona by the following features.
1) The male palp of Neoscona is provided with the terminal apophysis, Eriovixia not.
2) The male palpal patella of Neoscona is provided with two macrosetae, Eriovixia with
none. 3) The male first coxa of Neoscona is provided with a dorsal tubercle (Tanikawa
1998, fig. 3), Eriovixia not. 4) Median ocular area of Neoscona is wider in front than
behind, Eriovixia wider behind.
Description. Carapace longer than wide; median ocular area longer than wide or
as long as wide, wider behind than in front; chericera with 4 promarginal and 3
retromarginal teeth; labium wider than long; sternum longer than wide or wider than
long. Male 1st coxa with minute ventral hook, 2nd femur with shallow groove. Male
endite with a lateral tooth. Male palp without terminal apophysis, patella without
macroseta, femur with tubercle at the basal part. Female abdomen longer than wide or
wider than long, sometimes tapering posteriorly or with a tale like projection. Male
abdomen longer than wide often with a tubercle at posterior end.
Species. Under this genus 11 species, 3 species from Africa and 8 species from
Asia, have been known. Two species will be added from Japan in this paper.
Remarks. Yaginuma and Archer (1959) considered that Eriovixia was a junior
synonym of Heurodes. Berman and Levi (1971) synonymized Eriovixia with Neoscona.
Tikader (1982) followed Berman and Levi (1971), and placed 3 Indian species in the
genus Neoscona. Grasshoff (1986) rejected these synonymies and treated Eriovixia as
an independent genus. Yin et al. (1997) followed Grasshoff (1986).
The type species of the genus Heurodes is H. turrita Keyserling, 1886. Judging
from the illustrations made by Davies (1988), the male palp of H. turrita is provided with
the terminal apophysis and the scape of epigynum is narrow. On the other hand,
Eriovixia lacks the male palpal terminal apophysis and the epigynum is triangular.
Though the shape of epigynum of Neoscona resembles that of Eriovixia, the male palp
of Neoscona is provided with the terminal apophysis which is absent in Eriovixia.
Therefore I consider that Eriovixia is independent from the other two genera.
Relationship. Scharff and Coddington (1997) made a phylogenetic analysis of the
family Araneidae. Their analysis included 57 araneid genera. Unfortunately, the
genus Eriovixia was not analyzed in their work. I tried to make a phylogenetic analysis
of the genus Eriovixia using their data matrix. I added the data of Eriovixia to their
matrix using two Japanese species. As no data were available about spinneret and
behavior of Eriovixia, they were coded as unknown (?). I used PAUP version. 3.1.1
(Swofford 1993) and Macintosh LC630 for the analysis. I used the heuristic search
method and chose the closest addition strategy and TBR branch swapping according to
Scharff & Coddington (1997). The obtained cladogram shows that the genus Eriovixia
is a sister of "terminal apophysis Glade", in which Araneus and Neoscona are included.
Due to lack of several data, this result is tentative.
Japanese Spiders of the Genus Eriovixia 43
Key to the Japanese species
1 Female ..............................................................2.
Male ................................................................3.
2 Abdomen brown, longer than wide, tapering posteriorly
............................. E, pseudocentrodes (Bosenberg et Strand, 1906).
Abdomen black, wider than long .................... E, sakiedaorum sp. nov.
3 Abdomen brown, embolus short E. pseudocentrodes (Bosenberg et Strand, 1906).
Abdomen black, embolus long ...................... E. sakiedaorum, sp. nov.
Eriovixia pseudocentrodes (Bosenberg et Strand, 1906) comb. nov.
(Figs. 1-10)
Aranea pseudo-centrodes Bosenberg et Strand, 1906, p. 232, pl. 15, fig. 415 (female holotype from
"Kompira"
, Saga, Japan, preserved in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, not examined).
Heurodes pseudocentrodes: Yaginuma & Archer, 1959, p. 36.
Fig. l-4. Eriovixia pseudocentrodes (Bosenberg et Strand, 1906) 1 (top left),
Female from Shizuoka; 2 (top right), female from Iriomotejima Island; 3 (bottom
left), female from Iriomotejima Island; 4 (bottom right), male from Iriomotejima
Island.
44 Akio Tanikawa
Figs. 5-10. Eriovixia pseudocentrodes (Bosenberg et Strand, 1906) 5, Epigynum,
with scape (Iriomotejiama Island); 6, same, scape torn off (Iriomotejima Island); 7,
same, with scape (Shizuoka); 8, same, scape torn off (Shizuoka); 9, male left palp,
ventral view (Shizuoka); 10, same, apical view (Shizuoka). (Scales: 0.1 mm.)
Japanese Spiders of the Genus Eriovixia 45
Araneus pseudocentrodes: Yaginuma, 1960, p. 54, pl. 19, fig. 114; Yaginuma, 1970, p. 656; Yaginuma,
1977, p. 385; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 99, fig. 53, pl. 23, fig. 2; Shinkai & Takano, 1984, p. 64; Chikuni,
1989, pp. 68, 207, fig. 21; Yaginuma et al., 1990, p. 258; Yin et al., 1997, p. 140, fig. 55.
Specimens examined. Specimens measured. 1 -- , Shirahama, 11-VIII-1985; 1
o~ , Shirahama, 31-III-1988; 1 , Shirahama, 30-XII-1988; 1 d' , Sonai, 14-VIII-1992;
1 $ , Urauchi, 23-XII-1991; 1 , Komi, 30-VII-198 5; 1 d' , Komi, 26-VII-1991; 1 -v-,
Komi, 13-VIII-1992; 1 d' , Otomi, 27-XII-1989; 1 d' , Otomi, 25-XII-1991. All the
specimens measured were collected from Iriomotejima Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
by A. Tanikawa.
Other specimens examined. 44 - 21 a from Tokyo, Kanagawa, Shizuoka, Waka-
yama, Hiroshima, Okinawa (Okinawajima and Iriomotejima Islands) Prefectures, Japan.
Description. Measurement (in mm). Total length - 3.20-5.71, 6 2.49-2.97; car-
apace length -- 1.37-1.89, d' 1.34-1.63; width - 1.13-1.63, d' 1.18-1.33; abdomen
length 2.20-5.33, d~ 1.16-1.60; width - 1.76-3.12, d~ 1.08-1.36. Length of legs (1 --/
1 c?1 from Iriomotejima Island): I, 5.91/5.12, II, 4.94/4.26, III, 2.72/2.64, IV, 4.13/3.75.
Female. Carapace length/width 1.13-1.22; median ocular area length/width 0.90
-0 .94, anterior width/posterior width 0.75-0.94; labium length/width 0.60-0.70; sternum
length/width 1.07-1.14; length of leg I/length of carapace 3.61-3.95. Abdomen length/
width 1.25-2.18, tapering posteriorly (Figs.l-3), epigynum as in Figs.5-8.
Male. Carapace length/width 1.14-1.23; median ocular area length/width 0.91-
1.00, anterior width/posterior width 0.91-0.96; with a small tubercle below anterior
median eyes; labium length/width 0.47-0.61; sternum length/width 1.14-1.26; length of
leg I/length of carapace 3.41-3.69. Palp as in Figs.9-10. Abdomen length/width 1.02-
1.22, with a tubercle at posterior end (Fig. 4).
Coloration and markings. Female. Carapace pale brown. Abdomen whitish brown
to dark brown marginated with dark brown and white (Figs. 1-3).
Male. Carapace pale brown, with dark colored markings. Abdomen brown
mottled with dark brown and white (Fig. 4).
Range. Japan, China.
Remarks. This species can be easily distinguished from the other species of the
genus by the shape of female abdomen.
Eriovixia sakiedaorum sp. nov.
(Figs. 11-17)
Specimens examined. Type series. Holotype: ~, Otomi, Iriomotejima Island,
Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, 24-VII-1991, A. Tanikawa leg. Paratypes: 1 --, Shira-
hama, 12-VIII-1993; 1 1, Shirahama, 13-VIII-1993; 1 c?, Shirahama, 25-VII-l995; 1
-g , Shirahama, 28-VII-1996; 1 d~ , Urauchi, 4-VIII-1997; 1 d~ , Uehara, 26-XII-1991; 1
--, Komi, 29-III-1994; 1 d' , Otomi, 24-VII-199 l; 1 a, Otomi, 31-XII-1996; all the
paratypes were collected from Iriomotejima Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan by A.
Tanikawa.
Other specimens examined. 38 - 12 cl from Ishigakijima and Iriomotejima Islands,
Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.
Description [based on the female holotype and one of the male paratypes, variations
are given in the parentheses]. Measurement (in mm). Total length - 4.00 (3.03-5.03),
46 Akio Tanikawa
Figs. 11-12. Eriovixia sakiedaorum sp. nov. 11 (left), Female; 12 (right), male.
Figs. 13-17. Eriovixia sakiedaorum sp. nov. 13, Epigynum, ventral view (holo-
type); 14, same, lateral view (holotype); 15, same, dorsal view (holotype);16, male
left palp ventral view (paratype); 17. same, dorsal view (paratype). (Scales: 0.1 mm)
Japanese Spiders of the Genus Eriovixia 47
c?1 3.33 (2.87-3.68); carapace length - 1.84 (1.58-2.15), 1.92 (1.71-1.94); width -
1.54 (1.27-1.78), c?l 1.58 (1.36-1.68); abdomen length -g 3.33 (2.30-3.80), 61 1.92 (1.28
-1 .92). Leg length [female holotype/one of the male paratypes; tarsus + metatarsus +
tibia + patella + femur = total] : I, 0.51 + 1.07 + 1.02 + 0.76 + 1.58 = 4.94 / 1.55 +
1.50+1.10+0.56+1.22=5.93; II, 0.46+0.98+0.85+0.71+1.45=4.45/
0.54+ 1.12+0.96+0.68+ 1.62=4.92; III, 0.33+0.45+0.43+0.37+0.78=
2.36/0.36+0.59+0.56+0.43+ 1.09=3.03; IV, 0.45+ 1.00+0.82+0.62+
1.44=4.33/0.46+0.99+0.84+0.54+ 1.48=4.31.
Female. Carapace length/width 1.19 (1.18-1.25); median ocular area length/
width 1.07 (0.78-1.07), anterior width/posterior width 0.81 (0.81-0.91); labium length/
width 0.58 (0.56-0.65); sternum length/width 0.96 (0.93-0.96); length of leg I/length of
carapace 2.68 (2.63-2.79). Abdomen (Fig.l1) length/width 0.90 (0.82-0.96), epigynum
as in Figs. 13-15.
Male. Carapace length/width 1.22 (1.07-1.28); median ocular area length/width
0.96 (0.92-1.00), anterior width/posterior width 0.92 (0.89-0.96); labium length/width
0.63 (0.40-0.63); sternum length/width 1.07 (1.02-1.12); length of leg I/length of car-
apace 3.09 (2.71-3.13). Palp as in Figs. 16-17. Abdomen length/width 1.22 (1.00-
1.22), with a tubercle at posterior end (Fig. 12).
Coloration and markings. Female. Carapace dark brown. Abdomen black,
laterally with white markings (Fig. 11). Male. Carapace dark brown. Abdomen
black with white markings (Fig. 12).
Range. Japan (Yaeyama Islands).
Remarks. This new species resembles Eriovixia hainanensis Yin et al., 1990, but
can be distinguished from the latter by the shape of epigynum (cf. Yin et al. 1990, figs.
272-275, Figs. 13-15).
Etymology. The species is dedicated to Mr. and Mrs. Sakieda, Iriomotejima
Island, Okinawa prefecture, who supported my field work at the Island.
摘 要
翅7αηθ〃5ρ5θ〃400θη'zo礁5(B6senbergetStrand,1906)ト ガ リオニグモ をE7'oyZκ'α 属
に転 じ,日 本産 の1新 種 をE7'o瞭 ∫α5αん∫θ4α07〃〃2sp.nov.サ キエダオ ニグモ(新 称)と
命名 して記載 した.
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