Japanese folk songs

104 Pages·1967·24.47 MB·Norwegian

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PREFACTEO THEF IRSTE DITION
Studentso { music have on occasionsa tiemptedt o put the melodieso f some of ihe
more outstandingJ apanesefo lk songst o ihe noiaiion of Western music in order to pre-
serve ihem from oblivion.
Frorn the literary poini of v;ew, ihese folk-songsh ave been translatedi nto English
and co lectedb y scholarss incet he beginningo f modernj apan. However,a completec ol-
lectiono f ihe melodiesh as not beena ssembled.
A rhoroughs tirdyo { these folk songsw h'ch are characterizedb y the placeso f iheir
origin requir€s the effods of specializeds cholars:n d experisi n musica nd liieraiure.
My efforis in compilingi his book does noi preiend io be such a specializeds iudy
of lapanesef olk songs lt is iniendedt o be a collectiono f the mosi repr€sentatives ongs
ol our countrya nd to offer a handbooko f the iolk-songsw hich are still beings ungt hrough-
Folk-songsa re disiinguishedf rom ihe so-calledp opular songs which may be in
voguef or a periodo f iime but which ares oonf orgotten. Someo { the folk,songsc olleciedi n
ihis book were ai one time pcpular songs but have developedi nto {olk-songsb y thei.
being sung over half a century though their authorsv /ere forgotten. All rhe songsa s-
sembledh aveb eens ungb efore 1900 and are sii I beings ung and may riehtly be regarded
as folk'songso f Japan.
True folk songsh ave slch individualp ecullariiiesa nd characteristictsh at their nota-
iion in Western nrusicc an be accomplishedo nly imperfecily,f or it is noi only dl{ficult
to indicatet he {requenty occurringg race nores of JEpaneses ongsw hich include even
quaftert one iniervalsb ut there is alsoa rremendousd ifference in the manner of singing
them amongt hc Japanesep eoplet hemselves.
Moreover,i o isol:ie rhe melody of a Japanesseo ngf rorn ihe rhyihm of its accom-
parim ent of hayashi,l he orchestrao f {lute. drum and samiseni,s io give only half of the
realiiy of the song. This is particularlyi rue in songso f which the rhythm of iis accom-
panimenth as been emphaslzeda. nd any attemptt o notatet hem in the Westerns iyle is not
only a violaiiono f the sp rii of the songsb ui also fails to revealt he true melody
Again, ihese folk songsc ome to life only when they are sung in the style pecutiar
to the lapanesea nd especiallylo ihe people of ihe region from which they originated,
and they lose nrLch of thelr beauty and appeal if they are.sungb y vocalisisw ho have
been trained n ihe Western mannero f singingv ibrtao.
Since these folk-songsc ont:in ihe individuald ialectso f ihe variousd istricts,i t is
ideal that rhey are sune by the nativeso f th€ regiont o which ihe songsb elona.
The impossibilityo f adequatelyi ranslaiingt he catchy, rhythmic phrasesw, hich in
themselvesh lve no nreaningb ui which give a deflniie personaliryio the folk-songso f
Japan,h as requiredm e to om't ihem in my book. These phrasesm ay be comparedt o
ihe hi, ho. the merry-o, "ta ra,ra boom de ay, "yo ho,ho' and similar portionso f
Englishs ongs.
Despitet hese technicald i{ficulties,I have endeavoredio compiles omeo f the repre-
seniativet olk songso f lapan becauseo f my e:rnest wlsh to introducet hem to Western
pecpies For these reasons,I have h:d to chooseo nly ihosef olk songsw iih simplem e-
lodiesa nd rhyihm, avoidingt hose which are full of irills and iurns and at the samet ime
lowerings omewhati he key of the melodiess ungs ottov oce in ihe higher registero r rais-
ing to a certaine xteni ihose of lower tones which are us'r:lly sung by men.
ln receni years atiempts have been made to arranges ome Japanesef olk-songss o
thai they may be sung wiih the accompanimenot f a piano or in the style of iazz.
It is my hope in cornpii ng ihis book that through this colleciiono f lapanesef olk
songsw hich are in the main in ihe minor scale and are characterizedb y melodia lamen-
toso m:y coniributet o ihe birth of a new style of comdositions.
Tokyo. Japan RYUTAROH ATTORI
November,1 950
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PREFACETO THE REVISEDE DITION
ln the previouse ditions,m erely 33 songs out of ihe innumerabJen umber of
Japanesefo lk-songsw ere selecteda nd iniroducedw hich left much to be desireds o that,
in this RevisedE dition,I have addedf ive orher songs. In making this addition I have
sej€cted sonSsw hrch are most popularlys ung by the lapaneset oday,n amely," Bon Songs
of Soma , of.Saitara', Songso f Picking Safflowers, Songso f Kokkiriko" and
-'Songs
>on-e s ot 5hrrnotsul
Japanesef olk songs are yearly atiracting more attention and interest by the p€oples
of the world as might b€ ndicaied, In part, from the correspondencesa ddressed to the
compiler fror vafiousp arrs o{ the wor,u.
Of ihe growing number of such persons,f he one who mrght be consrdereda s the
most ardent ioler of Japanesero lk songs,I shoujd like ro me4iion ihe narre of Vafla
Jllo Reinh.rot a proless,oral+ olksine;r.o f W.sh,n8fon. D.C. LSA
Thrs person I was nformed,p racticeds ix hoursd aily, such piecesa s. for instance,
''YasuEi
Bushr", The Mower's Sones' and "EzashiO iwake",w hiah ared ifficult numbers
to render even for the lapaneset hemselves. She even expressedh erself as follows;
''My
problemi s this: To obtain iransliterationos f theses ongss o ihat I can learn
ihe lapanesew ords. I shouldm ost like to learnf irst in the hopet hat you could help me
with such transliterationslE nglishl etterse quivalenti o ihe lapanesew ords.)"
There are other pefsons no less ardent than this lady who have written me {rom
Canadaa nd lsrael. And it is a well-known siory thai ihe Soviet baritones inger.A rtur
'
Eizen,d uring his concertt our of japan, sel€cted "Soran Bushi as one of his tavorite
However,s ince japanes€ folk songs emergedf .om a backgroundo f peculiart radi-
tions rernotef rom Western countries,o ne invari3blye ncouniersd iJficultiesin 'ndicating
the musica ccordingio \ /esternm usicaln oiations. The Wesiern musical notations are
inadequateto tfanscribet he characteristifcin enesso f the melodico rnamentationo f Japa-
nesef olk-songs.E veni f perforcedlytr anscribedt,h e transcribehr imselfm ayo ft€n be unabe
io reproduce the music fforn the music note.
ConsequentlyI, should like to recomm€nd thosep ersonsd eeplyi nterestedin japa-
nese folk-songss houJdn ot, merely, follow the scor€ but, ai the samer ime, shouldh ear
the songsp layedo n recordedd iscs. Needlessto meniion,a ll Japanesere cordm akersh ave
on sale Japanesefo lk-songsb ut, in the United Staies,ih ere ;s the one set of "Traditional
'
Folk-Songos f Japan selecteda nd arrangedb y R. Hattorif rom his collectionr eleasedfr om
FolkwayR ecord. Ishould also like to add rhat the lapanesee mbassies:n d consulates
locatedt hroughoutt he main cities of th€ world are prepared to show the color movie,
"Folk Songso f Japan"p resentedb y the Ministry of ForeignA {fairs of Japan (th€ musical
dir€ction of this film is undert he supervisiono f R. Hatiori).
February,1 964.
No larl ol this book m.rj bc rcprodrced
rtitho i" per)njsslonin wriririg lom lhe auihor
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