JAPAN IN THE AMERICAN CENTURY J A P A N I N T H E A M E R I C A N C E N T U R Y . KENNETH B PYLE THE BELKNAP PRESS OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Mas sa chu setts London, England 2018 Copyright © 2018 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca First printing Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Pyle, Kenneth B., author. Title: Japan in the American c entury / Kenneth B. Pyle. Description: Cambridge, Mas sa chu setts : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018012405 | ISBN 9780674983649 (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Japan— Civilization— American influences. | Japan— Foreign relations— United States. | Japan— Foreign relations—1945– | Japan— History—1945– | Japan— Politics and government—1945– | United States— Foreign relations— Japan. | United States— Foreign relations—20th century. Classification: LCC DS821.5.U6 P95 2018 | DDC 952.04— dc23 LC rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2018012405 Cover art: Enso, circular brush stroke, by Thoth_Adan © Getty Images Cover design: Annamarie McMahon Why For Anne Contents Introduction: An Unnatural Intimacy 1 1. Two Rising Powers 9 2. Unconditional Surrender Policy 43 3. The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb 72 4. An American Revolution in Japan 106 5. The Subordination of Japan 147 6. For the Soul of Japan 179 7. A Peculiar Alliance 207 8. Competing Capitalisms 249 9. Japan’s Nonconvergent Society 287 10. Democracy in Japan 323 11. Japan in the Twilight of the American Century 350 Notes 387 Acknowl edgments 449 Index 451 JAPAN IN THE AMERICAN CENTURY