Japan and the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950–1964: In the Shadow of the Monolith

428 Pages·2004·98.02 MB·English

by  C. W. Braddick (auth.)

Japan and the Sino-Soviet
Alliance, 1950–1964
In the Shadow of the Monolith
C.W. Braddick
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Japan and the
Sino-Soviet Alliance,
1950-1964
In the Shadow of the Monolith
C. \V. Braddick
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© C. W. Braddick 2004
Soft cover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 978-1-4039-1778-2
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
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save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
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Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this
work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2004 by
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ISBN 978-1-349-51369-7 ISBN 978-0-230-00569-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230005693
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Braddick, C. W. (Christopher William), 1961-
japan and the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1964: in the shadow of
monolith=
[lchimaiiwa no kage ni, Nihon to Chu-[So]]/C. W. Braddick.
p. em.
Latter part of japanese title missing; last word in japanese title supplied
by cataloger.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
In English; table of contents also in japanese.
1. Cold war. 2. japan-Foreign relations-China. 3. China-Foreign
relations-japan. 4. japan-Foreign relations-Soviet Union. 5. Soviet
Union-Foreign relations-japan. 6. Soviet Union-Foreign relations-China.
7. China-Foreign relations-Soviet Union. 8. japan-Foreign
relations-1945-1989. 9. China-Foreign relations-1949-1976. 10. Soviet
Union-Foreign relations-1945-1991. I. Title: [lchimaiiwa no kage ni,
Nihon to Chu-[So]]. II. Title.
DS849.C6B63 2004
327.52051 '09'045-dc22 2003062249
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 OS 04
To Illy Lover
°Tolive atallismiracleenough.
thedoom ofnations isanotherthing__"
(\1('fvynPeake, 1911-68)
Contents
Listoffiguresandtables
Glossary,abbreviationsandconventions
Preface xiii
J "'"llijl!-# Japan in3 bipolarworld:anintroduction
2 -i~jf'l I.l.'aning10 oneside: Japanesediplomacy
and theSino-Soviet Alliance, 1950--60 "
Fireacrossthesea:Japanesesecurity
and theSino-Sovietstrategic rill, 1960---64 58
SrparalingeconomicsIrom politics:Japan's
tradewithtwoplannedeconomies, 1950-60 105
Fishin!!: introubledwaters:Japanesetradeand
theSino-Soviet economic schism, 1960 64 142
Monolithicunit)':theJapaneseLeft
andthe Communistbloc, 1950--62 170
When brothersfight:JapaneseSocialism
andtheSino-Sovietideologicaldispute, 1962 64 \9,
Wishfulthinking:Japan's publicdebate
ontheSino-Sovietrelationship, 1950--62 217
lodcpendcntthinking:Japanesecivil
societyandtheopenSino-Sovietsplit, 1962~64
10 ytIdt.
Japan and Ihedrifllowards mullipolarisalion:
concluding thoughts 269
Appendices 273
Noles 283
Bibliography 347
Index 394
vii
List of figures and tables
Figures
1.1 Analyticalframework 5
3.1 Japanesethreatperceptions 99
3.2 Japanese responsestothe Sino-Sovietrift 101
4.1 Japan-Chlna-Scviettrade, 1950-67 us
4.2 Japanese tradewithselectedcountries, 1953-69 liS
8.1 JapaneseattitudestowardsChinaandthe USSR, 196()--t)6 235
9.1 Japanese media coverageorthe Sino-Sovietrift, 1960-65 242
9.2 Japaneseterms usedto describeSino-Sovietrelations, 1959-67 244
9.3 ExchangeofvisitorsbetweenJapan,ChinaandtheUSSR, 1957-65 265
9.4 Foreign policydesired bytheJapanesepeople,1960-66 268
Tables
9.1 Japanese publicopiniononthe unity nftheCold War blocs,
January-May1963 248
9.2 Japanese publicopiniononthe helpfulnessofthe Sino-Sovietsplit,
April 1963 248
9.3 JapaneseintellectualopinionontheSino-Sovietrift,
September 1963 252
viii
Glossary, abbreviations and conventions
Ajio Mondai Kenkyiikai Asian ProblemsResearch Association, I.OP
Ajia-AjurikaMondor Asian-African ProblemsStudyGroup,LOP
Kenkviikm
AmeanG"n American ConsulateGeneral
Amlimbjvtos American Embassy,Moscow
AmEmbTok American Embassy,Tokyo
Anpo (NichiRei A,IU'1I Japan-USSecurityTreaty
flos},oJi5raku)
AusEmbTok Australian Embassy,Tokyo
AusEmbWash Australian Embassy,Washington D,C.
lhieicliu Defence Agency, Japan
BrEmbTok British Embassy,Tokyo
CCP ChineseCommunist Party
CEe Central ExecutiveCommittee
em
Councilon Foreign Relations, US
ChiCom ChineseCommunist
CHJ~CO\1 ChinaCommitteeofParisGroup
CIA Central Intelligence Agency, CS
crrec China ImcrnauonalTrude PromotionCommittee
COCO\1 CoordmaungCommutecofthe PansGroup
CO,vlECON Council for MutualEconomic Assistance
CPSU SovietCommunist Party
eRO(Naikaku Cabinet ResearchOffice,Japan
Cluisashllm)
[)DRS Declassified DocumentsReferenceSystem
DEA DepartmentofExternal Affairs, Australia
DOS DepartmentofStale,US
DSP (:\finsha/6) DemocraticSocialist Party,Japan
Enc. Enclosure
EPA (KcizaiKikuk!/chu) Economic Planning Agency,Japan
FARC(Glllk{)Chiisakai) Foreign Affairs Research Council. LDP
fED FarEastern Dcpt..1'0
FO Foreignand CommonwealthOffice, CK
rHUS ForeignRelationsofthe UnitedStates