Japan: A Documentary History: The Dawn of History to the Late Tokugawa Period PDF
Preview Japan: A Documentary History: The Dawn of History to the Late Tokugawa Period
JAPAN A Documentary History This page intentionally left blank JAPAN A DocumentaryH istory Volume I The Dawn of History to the Late TokugawaP eriod David]. Lu An EastG ateB ook Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK An EastG ateB ook First published2 005 byM .E. Sharpe Published2 015 by Routledge 2 Park Square,M ilton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OXI4 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017,U SA Routledgeis an imprint oft he Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2005 by David J. Lu. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprintedo r reproducedo r utilised in any form or by any electronic,m echanical,o r otherm eans,n ow known or hereafteri nvented,i ncluding photocopyinga nd recording,o r in any information storageo r retrieval system,w ithout permissioni n writing from the publishers. Notices No responsibilityi s assumedb y the publisherf or any injury and/ord amaget o personso r propertya s a mattero f productsl iability, negligenceo r otherwise, or from any use of operationo f any methods,p roducts,i nstructionso r ideas containedi n the material herein. Practitionersa nd researchersm usta lwaysr ely on their own experiencea nd knowledgei n evaluatinga nd usinga ny information, methods,c ompounds,o r experimentsd escribedh erein. In using such information or methodst hey should be mindful of their own safetya ndt he safetyo f others,i ncluding partiesf or whom they havea professionarl esponsibility. Producto r corporaten amesm ay be trademarkso r registeredt rademarks,a nd are usedo nly for identification and explanationw ithout intent to infringe. Library of CongressC ataloging-in-PublicationD ata Japan:a documentaryh istory I Vol. 1: The Dawn of History to the Late TokugawaP eriodI edited by David J. Lu. p. cm. "An EastG ateb ook." Includesb ibliographical referencesa nd index. ISBN 1-56324-907-3( pbk. : alk paper) I. Japan-History. I. Lu, David John, 1928-. DS835.J37 1996 952-dc20 96-24433 CIP ISBN 13: 9781563249075(p bk) To Kevin, Brian, Annamaria,O livia, Naomi, and anotherl ittle oneo n her way This page intentionally left blank Contents Japan: A DocumentaryH istory is being published simultaneouslyi n one clothbound edition, which includest he completet ext, and two paperbacke ditions: Vol. I: The Dawn ofH istory to the Late TokugawaP eriod, and Vol. II: The Late TokugawaP eriod to the Present.T he completet able of contentsa nd the completei ndex appeari n all three,and the paginationo f the paperbacksis sequential. Preface xi Note on Japanesaen d ChineseN amesa nd Tenns xv I. Dawn of JapaneseH istory 3 Powerc ontestb etweenS unG oddessa nd Susano-oC; omingo f agei n ancientJ apan;E mperorJ immu'sc onquesot f the East; Japani n the Wei dynastich istory; The legendo f Prince Yamototakeru;E arly Shintor ituals from the Engishiki II. The Impact of ChineseC ivilization 21 The regencyo f PrinceS hotolru; The Taika refonns;L aw and ad- ministrationu ndert he Taiho-YOrO code; History as a meanso f solidifying the imperial power; Songso f myriad leaves;B ud- dhism as protectoro f the nation III. The Early HeianP eriod 51 The lotus of the wonderful law; Kokai's view of the superiority of Buddhism;E nnin'ss earchf or the law; Confucianv iew of Buddhism;F ixation with China; Life of the nobility; Taleso f the commonm an vii viii IV. Rise of FeudalI nstitutions 81 Public vs. privateo wnershipo f land; Growth of shoen;O rgani- zationo f shoen;R ise of the warrior class;R ule by the KamakuraS hogunate V. KamakuraB uddhism 117 Salvationt hroughn embutsu;H onena nd the founding of the Jodos ect; Shinrana nd dependenceo n Amida'sp ure grace; Dogena nd the meaningo f Zen; Lotus, Buddha,a nd nationalism VI. The Developmenot f FeudalI nstitutionst hrought he MuromachiP eriod 147 Jito'se ncroachmenutp on shoen;T okusei--forgivingo f debts; Criticism ofKemmuR estoration;A shikagaT akauji'sr ise to power; Shugoa s domaniallords;A gricultural developmenat nd village community; Rise of a moneye conomy;D evelopmenot f ichi and za; The Soryo systema ndp rimogeniture VII. From Civil Wars to Unification 171 Denial of traditional authority; Sengokud aimyo as domanial lords; OdaN obunaga'sro ad towardu nification; Unification by Toyotomi Hideyoshi;J apan'sC hristianc entury VIII. Tokugawa:E ra of Peace 203 - Control of vassals;M ethodso frural control; Control of the urbana reas;C ontrol of Buddhistt emples;C losing of the coun- try; Growth of commerce;M anagingt he economy;C ommerce as a calling IX. IntellectualC urrentsi n TokugawaJ apan 243 Variety of TokugawaC onfucianism;C onfucianisma ndp oliti- cal action; Confucianj ustice; Educationo f the young; Death and a samurai;K nowledgeo f the West; National learninga nd Shinto revival X. The End of the TokugawaR ule 273 Decayo f the Tokugawas ystem;D ebateso ver the openingo f Japan;T he Harris Treaty of 1858; The successiond isputes; Towardr estoration ix XI. Early Meiji Political Development 305 Foundationo f early Meiji government;C entralizationa nd statep ower; The Iwakura missiona nd rejectiono f Seikanron; Political equalitya nd people'sr ights; Constitutioni n the making; Rescripto n Education XII. Social and EconomicD evelopmenitn the Meiji Era 345 Japanesee nlightenmenat nd sayingg ood-byet o Asia; Meiji entrepreneursC; hristianity and the nonchurchm ovement; Socialis~hristianity andM arxism XIII. TaishoD emocracy 375 Yoshino Sakuzo'sm inpon shugi; The twenty-oned emands; Rice riots and emergenceo fHaraC abinet;L abor movement; Universals uffragea nd peacep reservationla ws; Liberationo f women; Elite and social consciousnessE; arly Marxist move- ment; Nishida philosophy XIV. Rise of Ultranationalisma nd the Pacific War 409 Agitation for military Fascism;C hinaa nd GreaterE astA sia; The Axis alliance; Decisionf or war; Doctrinal basisf or the war; Imperial Rule AssistanceA ssociation;S tudentsin war; Life in wartime Tokyo; Decisiont o surrender XV. Japanu nderO ccupation 459 Basic occupationp olicy; New roles for the Emperor;T he ShOwac onstitution;S ocial and educationr eforms;L and reform; Toward economicr ecovery;E nd of the American occupation XVI. Politics and Problemso f Security 505 The 1955 system;A conservativev iewpoint; Securityt reaty crisis of 1960 XVII. Emergenceo f an EconomicS uperpower 525 Planf or doubling individual income; Shinkansen--birtho f the bullet train; Managinga company;J apaneswe orkers; Administrativer eform; The Plazaa ccord;T he JapanT hat Can Say No
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