Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev

306 Pages·1969·14.438 MB·English

by  Patrick Waddington and C. V. James (Auth.)

«He 3Haio, HTO npeflCTOHT MHe B 6yAyineM - HO CTOJO>KO npeacroHT
3aTpyflHeHHH H BHyTpeHHHX H BHemHHx! OcyxcfleH H Ha ubiraHCKyio
5KH3HL· - H He CBHTb ΜΗβ, BHflHO, THe3Aa ΗΗΓΑβ H HHKOTAa!»
(Turgenev to Druzhinin, December 1856)
«ToJIbKO TbI ΠΟΜΗΗΗ MOO CJIOBO, ΠΠβΜΛΗΗΗΚ*. He CBHTb 3Κβ H Te6e
rHe3Aa HHTAe, CKHTaTbc* Te6e Ββκ. BOT Te6e MOH 3aBeT.»
(Glafira Petrovna to Fyodor Lavretsky)
HBAH ΟΕΡΓΕΕΒΗΗ ΤΥΡΓΕΗΕΒ
HBOPHHCKOE
ΓΗΕ3Λ0
Edited with notes and a commentary by
PATRICK WADDINGTON
Lecturer at the QueerCs University of Belfast
d8b
PERGAMON PRESS
OXFORD - LONDON - EDINBURGH . NEW YORK
TORONTO . SYDNEY · PARIS . BRAUNSCHWEIG
Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford
4&5 Fitzroy Square, London W.l
Pergamon Press (Scotland) Ltd., 2 & 3 Teviot Place, Edinburgh 1
Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford,
New York 10523
Pergamon of Canada Ltd., 207 Queen's Quay West, Toronto 1
Pergamon Press (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., 19a Boundary Street, Rushcutters Bay,
NSW 2011, Australia
Pergamon Press S.A.R.L., 24 rue des Écoles, Paris 5e
Vieweg & Sohn GmbH, Burgplatz 1, Braunschweig
Copyright © 1969 Patrick Waddington
First edition 1969
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-24070
This book is sold subject to the condition
that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent,
resold, hired out, or otherwise disposed
of without the publisher's consent,
in any form of binding or cover
other than that in which
it is published.
Printed in Germany
08 012922 6 (flexicover)
08 012923 4 (hard cover)
Foreword
IN THE editions of Russian literature published in the Pergamon
Oxford Russian Series we have hitherto concentrated on the works
of ^writers during the Soviet period. Published volumes include
selections from Kazakov, Nagibin, Nilin, Antonov, Paustovskii,
Sholokhov, Panova and Yevtushenko, together with an anthology
of Soviet Russian Verse. Further editions of Erenburg, Mayakov-
skii, Olesha, Tendryakov, Blok,.Shvarts and Bulgakov are being
prepared. The present volume is the first of a projected series of
editions of Russian nineteenth-century literary works. Comments
on its structure, and suggestions for further volumes, would be
welcomed.
Sussex, 1968 C. V. JAMES
VII
Preface
THIS edition of Dvoryanskoye gnezdo is intended primarily for
university students, and especially for those who have time or
inclination to study a particular novel in more detail than is
generally possible. It should also be of interest, however, to
anyone reading Turgenev who, like the average student, has no
access to multi-volume dictionaries or critical editions.
Vocabulary and irregular inflexions are given in the Notes
wherever standard dictionaries and grammar-books may prove
inadequate. Background information is given wherever it will
help the lively and intelligent student the better to understand
Turgenev in his nineteenth-century context. These characteristics,
the one linguistic and the other literary-historical, are difficult to
keep in balance; but I trust there will be few who come to the
novel only for its language or only for its content.
In the Commentary which follows the text of the novel, I have
refrained as far as possible from literary criticism. My intentions
were first to elucidate Turgenev's subject, the reasons for, his
choosing it, and the circumstances of its development in the form
of a novel; and only secondly to point to certain features of his
style and manner of composition which can better be studied in
the works listed in the third section of my Bibliography.
I wish to acknowledge my particular debt to the researches of
Alexeyev and Izmailov, without which this edition would not
have been possible. I must also thank Dr. Kallistos Ware for his
helpful information on the Russian Orthodox Church.
Belfast, 1968 PATRICK WADDINGTON
IX
a Ha
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ae
D LAVRETSKY ΑΗΛρβΗ (? IlecTOBa =) JlaBpeintHA Πβτρ AHHa ΑΗΛΡβΗΗ = IlaBJIOBHa (ca. 1750-1819) (d. 1808) KajuiHona ΓJIaφHpa HeaH ManKapjioBHa IleTpoBHa ΠβτροΒΗΗ = Cepre(1774-1840) (1786-1830) pa IlaBJioBHa ΦβΑορ PiBaHBiH JlaBpeuKHö (b. 1807) b. 1814) Aaa (CWH) (1835?) (b. 1837) clear, for instance, in what way the two families
ZA AN HH = ?) Bapea( is not
GY OF LI riaBen Kopoöb(b. 1780 ctural; it
GENEALO JleHOHKa (b.1831) arily conje
E ss
TH peujeaH?) Map<|>a nMO(J)eeBHa 7727-1846?) MHxanji = KaJIHTHH (d. 1831?) HTHH able are nece
ΤΗΜθφβΟ riecTOB (= JlaB .ZjMHTpHÖ IlecTOB T(1(d. 1807?) MapbH OB ^MHTpHeBHa (1792?-1845?) I Jtoa KaJI(b.1823) Several details of this tally became related.
IlecT Note: origin
ABOPSIHCKOE ΓΗΕ3ΑΟ
1858
I
BeceHHHH, cBeTjiMH ReHh KJioHHjicH K Beqepy; He5ojib-
mne po30BBie TyqKH CTOHJIH BLICOKO B HOHOM He6e H, Ka3a-
jiocb, ΗΘ HJIBIJIH MHMO, a yxoftHJiH B caMyio rjiyÔB Jia3ypn.
EfepeA pacKpLiTBiM OKHOM KpacHBoro AOMH, B OAHOH H3
KpaäiHHx yjiHn; ryßepHCKoro ropo^a 0... (Aejio npoHcxoAHJio
B 1842 Tojiy), cH^ejiH ppe >ΚΘΗΗΙ]ΗΗΜ — o^na jieT ΠΗΤΗΑΘ-
CHTH, APyran yme CTapymna, ΟΘΜΉΉΘΟΗΤΉ JieT.
riepByio H3 HIHX 3Bajin Mapbeii /^ΜΗΤΡΉΘΒΗΟΗ KaJiHTH-
HOH. Ee Mync, ÖBIBHIHH ryßepHCKHH nponypop, Η3ΒΘΟΤΗΒΙΗ
B OBoe BpeMH AGJien,,— ΗΘΠΟΒΘΚ ÖOHKHH H ΡΘΗΙΗΤΘΛΒΗΒΙΗ,
HcejroHbin H ynpHMbiH,— yMep JieT A^CHTL· TOMy Ha3aA. OH
nojiyHHji H3pHAHoe BOCHWraHHe, ymjion. B yHHBepcHTeTe,
HO, ρθ>ΚΑβΗΗΙ>ΙΗ B COCJIOBHH βββΗΟΜ, paH-0 HOHHJI ΗθθβχθΑΗ-
MOCTL· npojio>KHTL· ce6e Aopory n Ha6nTb AeHbry. MapbH
^MHTpneBHa BWHiJia aa Hero no JIIOÔBH: OH 6BIJI H-eAypeH
co6oK), yMeH H, KorAa ΧΌΤΘΛ, o^eHb jiio6e3eH. MapbH ,Ο,ΜΙΙΤ-
pneBHa (B AGBHn;ax IlecTOBa) eiiie B AercTBe JinntHJiacb po-
AHTejieô, npoBejia HOOKOJIBKO JieT B ΜΟΟΚΒΘ, Β HH-craTyre,
H, BepHyBHiHCB OTTyAa, >KHjia B ππτΗΑβθΗΤΗ BepcTax OT 0...,
B poAOBOM CBoeM cejie ΠοκροΒθκοΜ, c τβτκοΗ Aa c cTapmHM
6paroM. EpaT ^τιοτ CKopo nepeoejEHJica B EieTepôypr Ha
cjiy>K6y H Aep>Kaji H cecrpy H Tency B qepHOM Tejie, nona
BHe3anHaa CMepTB He nojionmjia npeAejia ero nonpHHiy.
MapbH ^MHTpneBHa HacjieAOsajia ΠοκροΒθκοβ, HO He AOJiro
>KHJia B neu; Ha Βτοροϋ >κβ ΓΟΑ nocjie ee CBaAbßbi c KajiH-
THHbiM, κΌτορΜΗ B HecKOjibKo ΑΗΘΗ ycneji noKopHTb ee
cepAiie, ΠοκροΒθκοβ ÔMJIO npoMeneHo Ha Apyroe HMeHHe,
ropa3A0 öojiee AoxqRH-oe, HO HeRpacHBoe H 6e3 ycaAi>6bi;
H B TO we BpeMH KajiHTHH npHOÖpeji AOM B ropoAe 0...,
TAe H nocejMjicH c >κβΗ0Η) Ha nocTOHH»oe HGBTeji&eTBO.
ΠρΉ jìoue HaxoAHJiCH OOJIBHIOH caA*, OAHOH CTopoflOH OH
BbixoAHJi πρκΜο B nojie, 3a ropoA. «GTajio 6biTb,— pern m
KaJIHTHH, ÔOJIblHOH HeOXOTHHK AO CeJIbCKOH ΤΜΙΠΗΗΗ,— B
AepeBHio TacKaTbcn HeeaneM». MapbH ^MHTpneBHa ne pa3
1
B flyine noHcajiejia o CBOeM xopomeHBKOM ΠοκροΒθκοΜ c
Becejioii peHKoii, HIHPOMIMH jiyraMH H 3ΘΛΘΗΒΙΜΗ poniaMH;
HO OHa ΗΉ B ΗΘΜ He npeKocjiOBHJia My>Ky H ÖJiaroroßejia
πρβ,π; ero yMOM H 3HaHHeM cBeia. Kor^a me, nocjie HHT-
HaOTaTiiJieTHero 6pana, OH yMep, ocTaBHB CBina H ppyx
ßo^epeii, MapLH ÂMHTPHeBHa y^e Ä0 ΤΌΓΟ npHBBiKJia κ
CBoeMy ßoivty H K ropio^cKioö HŒÏ3HH, HTO cawa He 3axoTejia
BLiexaTL H3 O...
MapLH ^MHTpiieBHa B MOJIOAOCTH HOJiB30BajiacL· penyra-
Π,ΗΘΗ MHJieHbKOH ÖJIOHAHHKH; H B nHTLflecHT jieT ΗβρτΗ ee
ΗΘ 6BIJIH JIIIHieHbl HpHHTHOCTH, XOTH ΗβΜΗΟΓΟ paCHyXJIH H
cnjiMJiHCL·. OHa ßbiJia öojiee ^yBOTBHTejiBHa, He>KejrH Äo6pa,
H flo 3pejiBix JieT coxpamuia HHCTHTyTCKHe saManiKH; OHa
H3'6ajiOBajia ce6a, Jierno pa3,a;paH<ajTacB H Rame njiaKajia,
Rorßa HapyniajiHCB ee ΠΡΠΒΒΉΚΗ; 3aTO OHa ÔBiJia o*ie.HB
jiaoKO'Ba H JiK)6e3Ha, Kor.ua Bice ee >KejiaHHH HCHOJIHHJIHCB
H HHKTO eô He npeKocjiOBHJi. J\ou ee npHHaiHJie>Kaji κ HHC-
jry πρΗΗΤΗβΗΗΐΗχ B popote. CocTOHHHe y Heâ 6BLJIO BecB-
Ma xopoinee, He CTOJIBKO Hacjie^CTBeHHoe, OKOJIBIKO 6jiaro-
πρποβρβτβΗΗθβ My>KeM. 06e ftonepn >KHJIH C Heio; CBIH BOC-
HHTBIBajIGH B OftHOM H3 Jiy^IHIHX Ka3eHHBIX 33Ββ#βΗ!ΗΗ Β
IleTepßypre.
GrapyinKa, CH^eBinaH c MapBen ^ΜΗτρΗβΒΗθΗ no#
ακοΗΐκοΜ, ÔBiJia Ta caMaa Terna, cecrpa ee orna, c κοτοροιο
OHa npoBeJia HeKor^a HecKOJiBKo ye^HHeHHBix JieT B ΠΟΚ-
pOiBCKOM. 3ßaJI!H ee ΜαρφθΗ ΤΗΜθφββΒΗΟΗ IleCTOBOH. OHa
cjiBiJia Hy^aHKiOH, Hpae HMejia He3aBHCiïMBiH, roBopnjia BceM
npaB^y B rjia3a H npn eaMBix cKy^HBix cpeACTBax Aep>Ka-
jiacB TaK, Ka« oy^TO 3a Heu BO#HJIHCB TBICHHH. OHa τβρ-
πβτΒ He Morjia ΠΟΚΟΗΗΟΓΟ KajiHTHHa H, nan TOJIBKO ee njie-
Mnmrana BBiniJia 3a nero 3aMy>K, yAaJiHJiacB B CBOIO Aepe-
Bynrcy, r#e npo^HJia uejiBix ftecjiTB JieT y My>KaKa B .Kyp-
HOH H36e. MapBH J],MHTpneBHa ee noôanBajiacB. ^epnoBo-
Jiocaa H 6BiCTporjia3aH Rame B cxapocTH, MajieHBKaa,
BocTpoHocaH, Mapφa TirjM^eeBHa xo^Hjia HCHBO, ,n,ep>Ka-
JiaCB ΠρΗΜΟ H rOBOpHJia CKOpO H BHHTHO, TOHKHM H 3ByH-
HB1M IOJIOCKOM. 0,Ha HOCTOiTHHO HOGHJia ÔejIBIH ΗβΠ'βΗ ,H 6β-
Jiyio κoφτy.
— 0 neM TBi 3T0? — onpocHJia ona B^pyr MapBio ^MHT-
pneBHy.— 0 HCM B3ABixaeniB, MaTB MOH?
2
— TaK,— npoMOJiBHJia Ta.— Kairae ny^ecHBie oÖJiaKa!
— TaK Te6e HX >KaJiKo, ^το JIH?
MapBH ^MHrpneBHa ΗΗ^ΘΓΟ ΗΘ OTBe*iaJia.
— Ητο 3το ΓΘΑΘΟΗΟΒΟΚΗΗ ΗΘΗΛΘΤ? — nporoBopHJia
Map<$a ΤΐΓΜθφθθΒΗα, npoBopHo meBejiH ΟΠΗΠ^ΜΗ (ona BH-
3ajia 6ojiBmoii mepcTHHon map φ).—OH 6M noB3ßuxaJi
ΒΜΘΟΤΘ c T060K),— He TO coBpaji obi HTO-HH6>7I;I».
— Kan BBI Bcer^a οτροτο ο ΗΘΜ OT3BiBaerecB! Gepreö
ΠθΤρθΒΙΠ — ΠΟ^ΓΓβΗΗΒΙΗ ΗΘΛΟΒβΚ.
— ΠΟΗΤΘΗΗΒΙΗ! — noBTopHjia c yKopH3HOH CTapymKa.
— H Kan OH noKOHHOMy My>Ky 6BIJI npe^aH! — nporoBO-
pnjia MapBH flMHrrpHeBiia,— AO OHX nop ΒΟΠΟΜΚΗΤΒ Ο ΗΘΜ
paBHOflyniHo ne ΜΟ>ΚΘΤ.
— Enje 6BI! TOT ero aa yinn H3 rpH3H BBiTanpui,— npo-
BopnaJia Μαρφ& ΤκΜθφθβΒΗα, Η ΟΠΗΗ;ΒΙ em;e βπ-CTpee 3axo-
#HJIH B e e pyKax.
— ΓΛΗ^ΗΤ TaKHM cMHpeHHHKOM,— Hanajia OHa cHoea,—
roJiOBa Ben ce^aa, a ^το ροτ pacKpoeT, TO cojDKeT HJIH na-
cnjierHOTaeT. A em;e ΟΤ&ΤΟΚΗΗ ΟΟΒΘΤΗΗΚ! Hy, H TO 0Ka3aTB:
ΠΟΠΟΒΗΗ!
— Κτο nee 6e3 rpexa, TeTynraa? 3Ta cjiaöocTB B HeM
eCTB, KOH6HHO. CepreH ΠβΤρθΒΗ*! BOCIIHTaHHH, ΚΟΗβΗΗΟ, He
nojiyHHji, no^paHijy3CKH He ΓθΒορητ; HO OH, BOJIH Bama,
npïïHTHBIH ^ejIOBeK.
— ßa, OH py^KH y ΤΘ6Η BCë jra>KeT. Πο-φραΗΠ[γ3€κπ He
ΓθΒορϋτ,—ana 6e^a! fl caina ne CHJiBHa BO (JpaHn;y3-
CKOM «^HaJiexTe». Jlymne 6H OH HH no-KaKOBOKH He ΓΟΒΟ-
PHJI: He Jiraji 6BI. fla BOT OH, KCTa™, jieroK Ha novtHHe,—
npnßaBHJia Mapφa ΤπΜθφββΒΜ, rjiHHyB Ha yjinmy.— BOH
OH inaraeT, TBOH ΠΡΗΗΤΗΒΙΗ nejiOBeK. 9KOH AJIHHHBIH, CJIOB-
HO aiiCTÎ
MapBH ^MHTpHeBHa nonpaBHJia CBOH JIOKOHBI. Mapφa
ΤπΜθφβΘΒΗα c ycMemKOH nocMOTpejia Ha nee.
— HTO »TO y τββκ, HHKaK ce^oô BOJIOC, MOTB MOH? TBI
noSpaHH CBOH) IlajianiKy. Hero OHa CMOTPHT?
— y>K BBi, TeTymKa, Bcer^a...— npoßopMOTajia c ,n;oca-
A;OH MapBH JjMUTpHeBHa H 3acTyqajia najiBijaMH no pywe
Kpeceji.
— Cepren ΠβτροΒΗ^ ΓβΑβθΗθΒθΚΗΐί! — nponHiijaji
KpacHon^eKHH Ka3aHOK, BBICKOMHB H3-3a flBepn.
3
π
Bomeji ^eJioBeK ΒΒΙΟΟΚΟΓΟ pocTa, B ΟΠΡΗΤΗΟΜ οιορτγκβ,
κοροτβΗΒΚΐιχ naHTajiOHax, cepBix aaMmeBBix nepqaTicax H
flayx raJicryKax — O^HOM HepnoM, CBepxy, flpyroM 6ejiOM,
CHH3y. Bcë B ΗβΜ ßBimajio npHjraraeM H UPHCTOHHOCTBIO,
Ha^HHaa c 6jiaroo6pa3Horo jraiia H rjiaflKO npHHecaHHBix
BHCKOB flo canoroB 6b3 KaÔJiyKOB H 6ea cKpBiay. OH ΠΟΚΛΟ-
HHJICH CnepBa Χ03ΗΗΚβ flOMa, ΠΟΤΟΜ Μαρφθ ΤΗΜθφββΒΗβ H,
MeßJieHHo CTamiHB nepHaTKH, no^OHieji κ pynKe MapBH
^ΜΗΤΡΗΘΒΗΒΙ. IIoiiejiOBaB ee ΠΟ^ΤΗΤΘΛΒΗΟ H flßa pa3a cpn-
fly, OH ceji He ToponncB B npecjia H C yjiBiÖKOH, nornpan
caMBie KOHHHKH naJiBi^GB, nporoBopnji:
— A EjraaaBera MnxaöjioBHa sAopoBBi?
— fla,— OTBenajia MapBH ^MinptieBHa,—OHa B ca^y.
— H EjreHa MuxaiLjioBHa?
— JleHo^Ka B ca,ny το>κβ.— Ηβτ JTH nero ΗθΒβΗΒΚθΓθ?
— KaK He 6BITB-C, KaK He 6LITB-C,— B03pa3Hji IOCTB,
MeßJieHHo Mopraa H BBiTHrHBaa ryÔBi.— ΓΜ!.. a;a BOT ÏIO-
HcajryÜTe, ecTB HOBOCTB, H npeyAHBHTejiBHaa: JlaBpeiiKHH
Φββορ HßaHBiH npnexaji.
— Oe^a! — BoaKJiHKHyjia Mapφa THMO$eeBHa.—fla
TBI, HOJIHO, He CO^HHHeniB JIH, OTeiJ ΜΟΗ?
— HHKaK ΗβΤ-C, H HX CaMOJlH^IHO BHfleJI.
— Hy, aro enje ne ßoicaaaTejibCTBO.
— O^eHB n03A0p0BeJIH,—npOflOJDKaJI ΓθΑ'βΟΗΟΒΟΚΗΗ,
HOKasBiBaa BUA, öy^TO ne cJiBiniaji aaMenaHiiH ΜαρφΒΐ TH-
ΜθφββΒΗΒΐ,— B njie^ax eiiie nrape cTajin, H pyMHHeu; BO BCK)
Hieny.
— ΠοβΑθ-ροΒνβΛ,— npoH3HecJia e paccraHOBKOH MapBH
/ÎMHTpHeBHa,— Rameica, e nero 6BI eMy 3,n;opoBeTB?
— JJa^c,— B03pa3Hji refleoHOBCKHH,—ApyroH na ero
Meere H B €Β·θτ-το noKaaaTbcn nocoBecTHJi'CH 6BI.
— 3TO ΟΤΉΘΓΟ? — nepeßüJia Ma^a ΤΐΓΜθφββΒω,— 3το
Ητο 3a B3flop? ^ejiOBBK BoaBpaTHJiCH Ha poflHHy — Ky^a >κ
eMy fleTBCH npHKanceTe? H ßjiaro OH B *ieM BHHOBaT 6BIJI!
— My>K Bcer,ia BHHOBaT, cyAapBiHH, ooMejiiocB BaM AO-
jiOHCHTB, Kor#a HceHa Hexopoino Βθββτ οβΰπ.
— 9το TBI. 6aTK)inKa, ΟΤΤΟΓΟ ΓΟΒΟΡΗΠΙΒ, ΗΤΟ caiM >KeHaT
He ÔBIJI.
4