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The Iterated Prisoners’ Dilemma 20 Years On ADVANCES IN NATURAL COMPUTATION Series Editor: Xin Yao (University of Birmingham, UK) Assoc. Editors: Hans-Paul Schwefel (University of Dortmund, Germany) Byoung-Tak Zhang (Seoul National University, South Korea) Martyn Amos (University of Liverpool, UK) Published Vol. 1: Applications of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms Eds: Carlos A. Coello Coello (CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico) and Gary B. Lamont (Air Force Institute of Technology, USA) Vol. 2: Recent Advances in Simulated Evolution and Learning Eds: Kay Chen Tan (National University of Singapore, Singapore), Meng Hiot Lim (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore), Xin Yao (University of Birmingham, UK) and Lipo Wang (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) Vol. 3: Recent Advances in Artificial Life Eds: H. A. Abbass (University of New South Wales, Australia), T. Bossomaier (Charles Sturt University, Australia) and J. Wiles (The University of Queensland, Australia) Vol. 4: The Iterated Prisoners’ Dilemma Eds: Graham Kendall (The University of Nottingham, UK) Xin Yao (The University of Birmingham, UK) Steven - The Iterated Prisoners.pmd 2 3/19/2007, 4:44 PM Advances in Natural Computation — Vol. 4 The Iterated Prisoners’ Dilemma 20 Years On Graham Kendall The University of Nottingham, UK Xin Yao Siang Yew Chong The University of Birmingham, UK World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Advances in Natural Computation — Vol. 4 THE ITERATED PRISONERS’ DILEMMA 20 Years On Copyright © 2007 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN-13 978-981-270-697-3 ISBN-10 981-270-697-6 Printed in Singapore. Steven - The Iterated Prisoners.pmd 1 3/19/2007, 4:44 PM March1,2007 18:37 WorldScienti(cid:12)cReviewVolume-9inx6in contents Contents List of Contributors vii Chapter 1 The Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma: 20 Years On 1 Siang Yew Chong, Jan Humble, Graham Kendall, Jiawei Li and Xin Yao Chapter 2 Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma and Evolutinary Game Theory 23 Siang Yew Chong, Jan Humble, Graham Kendall, Jiawei Li and Xin Yao Chapter 3 Learning IPD Strategies Through Co-evolution 63 Siang Yew Chong, Jan Humble, Graham Kendall, Jiawei Li and Xin Yao Chapter 4 How to Design a Strategy to Win an IPD Tournament 89 Jiawei Li Chapter 5 An Immune AdaptiveAgent for the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma 105 Oscar Alonso and Fernando Nin~o Chapter 6 Exponential Smoothed Tit-for-Tat 127 Michael Filzmoser Chapter 7 Opponent Modelling, Evolution, and The Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma 139 Philip Hingston, Dan Dyer, Luigi Barone, Tim French and Graham Kendall Chapter 8 On Some Winning Strategies for the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma 171 Wolfgang Slany and Wolfgang Kienreich v March1,2007 18:37 WorldScienti(cid:12)cReviewVolume-9inx6in contents vi Contents Chapter 9 Error-Correcting Codes for Team Coordination within a Noisy Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma Tournament 205 Alex Rogers, Rajdeep K. Dash, Sarvapali D. Ramchurn, Perukrishnen Vytelingum and Nicholas R. Jennings Chapter 10 Is it Accidental or Intentional? A Symbolic Approach to the Noisy Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma 231 Tsz-Chiu Au and Dana Nau March1,2007 18:39 WorldScienti(cid:12)cReviewVolume-9inx6in contributors List of Contributors Oscar Alonso, Computer Systems and Industrial Engineering Department, National University of Colombia, Bogota Colombia Email: [email protected] Tsz-Chiu Au, Department of Computer Science and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park,MD 20742 USA Email: [email protected] Luigi Barone, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The Univesity of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia Email: [email protected] Siang Yew Chong, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK Email: [email protected] vii March1,2007 18:39 WorldScienti(cid:12)cReviewVolume-9inx6in contributors viii Listof Contributors Rajdeep K. Dash, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK Email: [email protected] Dan Dyer, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia Email: [email protected] Michael Filzmoser, School of Business Administration, Economics, and Statistics, University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1210 Austria Email: michael.(cid:12)[email protected] Tim French, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia Email: [email protected] Philip Hingston, School of Computer and Information Science, Edith Cowan University - Mt Lawley Campus, 2 Bradford Street, Mt Lawley, WA 6050 Australia Email: [email protected] March1,2007 18:39 WorldScienti(cid:12)cReviewVolume-9inx6in contributors Listof Contributors ix Jan Humble, School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG8 1BB UK Email: [email protected] Nicholas R. Jennings, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK Email: [email protected] Graham Kendall, School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG8 1BB UK Email: [email protected] Wolfgang Kienreich, Know-Center, In(cid:11)eldgasse 21a/II, 8010 Graz Austria Email: [email protected] Jiawei Li, Robot Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China Email: lijiawei [email protected] Dana Nau, Department of Computer Science and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park,MD 20742 USA Email: [email protected]