Italy in the International System from Détente to the End of the Cold War: The Underrated Ally

315 Pages·2018·2.85 MB·English

by  Antonio Varsori

Security, Conflict and Cooperation
in the Contemporary World
Italy in the International
System from Détente to

the End of the Cold War
The Underrated Ally
Edited by

ANTONIO VARSORI AND

BENEDETTO ZACCARIA
Security, Conflict and Cooperation
in the Contemporary World
Series Editors
Effie G.H. Pedaliu
LSE Ideas
London, UK
John W. Young
University of Nottingham
Nottingham, UK
The Palgrave Macmillan series, Security, Conflict and Cooperation in the
Contemporary World aims to make a significant contribution to academic
and policy debates on cooperation, conflict and security since 1900. It
evolved from the series Global Conflict and Security edited by Professor
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vative historical perspectives, based on archival evidence and promoting an
empirical understanding of economic and political cooperation, conflict
and security, peace-making, diplomacy, humanitarian intervention, nation-
building, intelligence, terrorism, the influence of ideology and religion on
international relations, as well as the work of international organisations
and non-governmental organisations.
More information about this series at
http://www.springer.com/series/14489
Antonio Varsori · Benedetto Zaccaria
Editors
Italy in the
International System
from Détente to the
End of the Cold War
The Underrated Ally
Editors
Antonio Varsori Benedetto Zaccaria
Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche European University Institute
Università di Padova Florence, Italy
Padova, Italy
Security, Conflict and Cooperation in the Contemporary World
ISBN 978-3-319-65162-0 ISBN 978-3-319-65163-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65163-7
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C
ontents
1 Introduction 1
Antonio Varsori
Part I The Political and Diplomatic Dimensions
of Italy’s Foreign Policy
2 The United States, Italy and the Cold War: Interpreting
and Periodising a Contradictory and Complicated
Relationship 15
Mario Del Pero and Federico Romero
3 Cold War Republic: The ‘External Constraint’
In Italy During The 1970s 35
Silvio Pons
4 Under a Multinational Mantle: Italy’s Participation
in the G7 (1975–76) 69
Marinella Neri Gualdesi
5 Italy’s Foreign Policy in the 1980s: From Enthusiasm
to Disillusion 95
Antonio Varsori
v
vi CoNTENTS
Part II Foreign Policy Goals and Economic Ambitions
6 Mercantilism and Class Struggle: Italy
in the International Economy, 1960–1990 127
Francesco Petrini
7 From Interdependence to Unilateralism: Italy
and the Evolution of Foreign Monetary
Cooperation (1958–1973) 161
Daniele Caviglia
8 Reshaping Transatlantic Energy Relations: Italy, the
United States and Arab Producers During the 1970s 179
Elisabetta Bini
Part III New Approaches to the International System
and the Influence of Parties’ Political Cultures
9 The Emergence of Global Environmentalism:
A Challenge For Italian Foreign Policy? 207
Sara Lorenzini
10 Air, Space and Techno-Scientific Innovation
in Italian Foreign Policy During the 1970s and 1980s 227
David Burigana
11 Decay and Catharsis: Perceptions of the United
States in Italian Political Cultures Between
the 1960s and 1970s 253
Valentine Lomellini and Benedetto Zaccaria
12 Development Cooperation, 1958–1992: Party Politics
and a Foreign Policy Debacle 277
Elena Calandri
Index 299
e C
ditors and ontributors
About the Editors
Antonio Varsori is Professor of History of International Relations at
the University of Padova. He is also a member of the commission for
the publication of Italian diplomatic documents at the Italian Ministry
for Foreign Affairs. He has published extensively on the Cold War,
European integration and Italy’s foreign policy. Among his most recent
publications are: L’Italia e la fine della guerra fredda. La politica estera
dei governi Andreotti (1989–1992) (Bologna: il Mulino, 2013); Storia
internazionale. Dal 1919 a oggi (Bologna: il Mulino, 2015); Radioso
Maggio. Come l’Italia entrò in guerra (Bologna: il Mulino, 2015).
Benedetto Zaccaria is a Research Assistant at the Alcide De Gasperi
Research Centre of the European University Institute, Florence, Italy.
He is the author of The EEC’s Yugoslav Policy in Cold War Europe, 1968–
1980 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
Contributors
Elisabetta Bini is Assistant Professor of Contemporary History at the
University of Naples ‘Federico II’. Her publications include: La potente
benzina italiana. Guerra fredda e consumi di massa tra Italia, Stati Uniti
e Terzo Mondo (1945–1973) (Rome: Carocci, 2013); Oil shock: the crisis
vii
viii EDIToRS AND CoNTRIBUToRS
of 1973 and its economic legacy (ed., with F. Romero and G. Garavini)
(London: I.B. Tauris, 2016); Working for oil: comparative social
histories of labor in petroleum (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ed., with
T. Atabaki and K. Ehsani, forthcoming).
David Burigana is Associate Professor of History of International
organisation and a member of CISAS Aerospace Studies (University
of Padova). He specialises in techno-sciences and foreign policy. He is
the author, with P. Deloge, of La coopération aéronautique en Europe
(2009). He is currently writing a book on the Airbus, an international
political history of technology in Europe.
Elena Calandri is Associate Professor of History of International
Relations at the University of Padova, and has written on the history of
the Cold War, EEC external relations, Italian foreign policy and develop-
ment aid. She recently authored Prima della globalizzazione: l’Italia, la
cooperazione allo sviluppo e la guerra fredda (Padova, 2013).
Daniele Caviglia is Associate Professor of History of International
Relations at the University of Enna ‘Kore’, Italy. He has recently pub-
lished La diplomazia della lira. L’Italia e la crisi del sistema di Bretton
Woods (1958–1973) (Milan: FrancoAngeli, 2013) and has edited, with E.
Calandri and A.Varsori, Détente in Cold War Europe. Politics and diplo-
macy in the Mediterranean and the Middle East (London/New York: I.B.
Tauris, 2013).
Mario Del Pero is Professor of International History at Sciences Po,
Paris, where he teaches the history of the Cold War and US foreign rela-
tions. His latest book Era Obama (The Age of obama) appeared in
2017, published by Feltrinelli.
Valentine Lomellini is Associate Professor at the University of
Padova, where she teaches history of international relations and his-
tory of European integration. She has a Ph.D. in political systems and
institutional changes at the Institute of Advanced Studies IMT. She has
recently published La “grande paura” rossa. L’Italia delle spie bolsceviche
(1917–1922) (Milano: Franco Angeli, 2015).
Sara Lorenzini is Associate Professor of International History at the
School of International Studies of the University of Trento, Italy. Her
latest work, Una strana guerra fredda, will shortly be published by il
EDIToRS AND CoNTRIBUToRS ix
Mulino, Bologna. She is the author of several monographs, including
L’Italia e il trattato di pace del 1947 (Bologna: il Mulino, 2007).
Marinella Neri Gualdesi is Associate Professor of International History
at the University of Pisa, and holds the Jean Monnet Chair ad personam
in History of European Integration. Her publications include Il cuore a
Bruxelles la mente a Roma. Storia della partecipazione italiana alla cos-
truzione dell’unità europea (Pisa: ETS, 2004). Her most recent work is
‘Lo IAI e la formazione della politica estera in Italia’, in La politica estera
dell’Italia. Cinquant’anni dell’Istituto Affari Internazionali (ed. C.
Merlini, Bologna: il Mulino, 2016).
Francesco Petrini is Senior Lecturer in History of International Relations at
the University of Padova. His latest publications include: ‘oil: too important
to be left to the oilmen? Britain and the First oil Crisis, 1970–1973’, in The
Foreign Office, commerce and British foreign policy in the twentieth century
(eds. J. Fisher, R. Smith and E. Pedaliu, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).
Silvio Pons is Professor of Contemporary History at the University
of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’. He is the president of the Gramsci Foundation
in Rome. He has extensively researched and written on the Cold War,
the Soviet Union, European communism and global communism. His
main publications include Stalin and the Inevitable War (Frank Cass
2002; Routledge 2014); Reinterpreting the End of the Cold War (Frank
Cass 2005); A Dictionary of Twentieth Century Communism (Princeton
University Press, 2010); The Global Revolution. A History of International
Communism (oxford University Press, 2014). He is the general editor of
The Cambridge History of Communism (Cambridge University Press, 2017).
Federico Romero is Professor of History at the Department of History
and Civilisation, European University Institute, where he coordinates
the ERC project Looking West: the European Socialist regimes facing
pan-European cooperation and the European Community. A specialist on
twentieth-century international history, he has worked on various aspects
of the Cold War and trans-Atlantic relations, European integration, and
Italy’s place in Europe and the Atlantic world.