Italian Yearbook of Human Rights 2016 (Human Right Studies)

290 Pages·2.353 MB·English

by  Centro di Ateneo per i Diritti Umani (editor)

The Italian Yearbook of Human Rights 2016 provides a dynamic and up-
H R S
to-date overview of the measures Italy has taken to adapt its legislation
and policies to international human rights law and to comply with
commitments voluntarily assumed by the Italian Government at the
Human Right Studies
international level.
The 2016 Yearbook surveys the activities of the relevant national and local
Italian actors, including governmental bodies, civil society organisations
6
and universities. It also presents reports and recommendations that 1
0
have been addressed to Italy in 2015 by international monitoring bodies 2
within the framework of the United Nations, the Council of Europe S
T
and the European Union. Finally, the Yearbook provides a selection of H
G
international and national case-law that casts light on Italy’s position RI
vis-à-vis internationally recognised human rights. N
A
“Italy and Human Rights in 2015: Universal Ethics, Good Governance M
and Political Realism” is the focus of the introductory section of the U
H
Yearbook. Starting with the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, F
international human rights law plunged onto the world stage with very O
specific principles and rules, which represent so many points that are K
O
essential not only for the legality but also for the sustainability of the O
B
political agenda. The universal code of human rights, widely ratified by R
Italy, presses for a continuous commitment to perfecting the legal order, A
E
which has immediate significance for the good governance agenda. Y
N
The Italian Agenda of Human Rights 2016 represents an updated orien- A
tation tool with regards the main initiatives to be undertaken on the leg- LI
A
islative, infrastructural and policy-making fronts in order to strengthen T
I
the Italian system for promoting and protecting human rights.
The Yearbook is edited by the University Centre for Human Rights of
the University of Padova, in cooperation with the UNESCO Chair in
Human Rights, Democracy and Peace of the same University. The Centre,
ITALIAN YEARBOOK
established in 1982 with the support of the Region of Veneto, carries
out research and education following a global and interdisciplinary
approach.
OF HUMAN RIGHTS 2016
P.I.E. Peter Lang
Brussels
P.I.E. Peter Lang
Human Right Studies
www.peterlang.com
The Italian Yearbook of Human Rights 2016 provides a dynamic and up-
H R S
to-date overview of the measures Italy has taken to adapt its legislation
and policies to international human rights law and to comply with
commitments voluntarily assumed by the Italian Government at the
Human Right Studies
international level.
The 2016 Yearbook surveys the activities of the relevant national and local
Italian actors, including governmental bodies, civil society organisations
6
and universities. It also presents reports and recommendations that 1
0
have been addressed to Italy in 2015 by international monitoring bodies 2
within the framework of the United Nations, the Council of Europe S
T
and the European Union. Finally, the Yearbook provides a selection of H
G
international and national case-law that casts light on Italy’s position RI
vis-à-vis internationally recognised human rights. N
A
“Italy and Human Rights in 2015: Universal Ethics, Good Governance M
and Political Realism” is the focus of the introductory section of the U
H
Yearbook. Starting with the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, F
international human rights law plunged onto the world stage with very O
specific principles and rules, which represent so many points that are K
O
essential not only for the legality but also for the sustainability of the O
B
political agenda. The universal code of human rights, widely ratified by R
Italy, presses for a continuous commitment to perfecting the legal order, A
E
which has immediate significance for the good governance agenda. Y
N
The Italian Agenda of Human Rights 2016 represents an updated orien- A
tation tool with regards the main initiatives to be undertaken on the leg- LI
A
islative, infrastructural and policy-making fronts in order to strengthen T
I
the Italian system for promoting and protecting human rights.
The Yearbook is edited by the University Centre for Human Rights of
the University of Padova, in cooperation with the UNESCO Chair in
Human Rights, Democracy and Peace of the same University. The Centre,
ITALIAN YEARBOOK
established in 1982 with the support of the Region of Veneto, carries
out research and education following a global and interdisciplinary
approach.
OF HUMAN RIGHTS 2016
P.I.E. Peter Lang
Brussels
P.I.E. Peter Lang
Human Right Studies
www.peterlang.com
The Italian Yearbook of Human Rights 2016 provides a dynamic and up-
H R S
to-date overview of the measures Italy has taken to adapt its legislation
and policies to international human rights law and to comply with
commitments voluntarily assumed by the Italian Government at the
Human Right Studies
international level.
The 2016 Yearbook surveys the activities of the relevant national and local
Italian actors, including governmental bodies, civil society organisations
6
and universities. It also presents reports and recommendations that 1
0
have been addressed to Italy in 2015 by international monitoring bodies 2
within the framework of the United Nations, the Council of Europe S
T
and the European Union. Finally, the Yearbook provides a selection of H
G
international and national case-law that casts light on Italy’s position RI Italian Yearbook
vis-à-vis internationally recognised human rights. N
A
“Italy and Human Rights in 2015: Universal Ethics, Good Governance M of Human Rights 2016
and Political Realism” is the focus of the introductory section of the U
H
Yearbook. Starting with the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, F
international human rights law plunged onto the world stage with very O
specific principles and rules, which represent so many points that are K
O
essential not only for the legality but also for the sustainability of the O
B
political agenda. The universal code of human rights, widely ratified by R
Italy, presses for a continuous commitment to perfecting the legal order, A
E
which has immediate significance for the good governance agenda. Y
N
The Italian Agenda of Human Rights 2016 represents an updated orien- A
tation tool with regards the main initiatives to be undertaken on the leg- LI
A
islative, infrastructural and policy-making fronts in order to strengthen T
I
the Italian system for promoting and protecting human rights.
The Yearbook is edited by the University Centre for Human Rights of
the University of Padova, in cooperation with the UNESCO Chair in
Human Rights, Democracy and Peace of the same University. The Centre,
ITALIAN YEARBOOK
established in 1982 with the support of the Region of Veneto, carries
out research and education following a global and interdisciplinary
approach.
OF HUMAN RIGHTS 2016
P.I.E. Peter Lang
Brussels
P.I.E. Peter Lang
Bruxelles Bern Berlin Frankfurt am Main New York Oxford Wien
     
P.I.E. Peter Lang
Human Right Studies
www.peterlang.com
Director
Antonio Papisca
Research and editorial committee
Andrea Cofelice, Pietro de Perini,
Paolo De Stefani, Marco Mascia,
Antonio Papisca, Claudia Pividori
Editors
University Human Rights Centre
University of Padova
via Martiri della Libertà, 2
35137 Padua
tel. [phone]; fax [phone]
[email protected]
www.italianhumanrightsyearbook.eu
http://unipd-centrodirittiumani.it/en/
Italian Yearbook
of Human Rights 2016
Italian Yearbook of Human Rights
First Italian edition: Annuario italiano dei diritti umani 2016, Padova, Padova
University Press, 2016.
This edition of the Yearbook has been realised in the framework of the
Scientific Research Programme of Relevant National Interest (PRIN) “The
Italian Foreign Policy in front of the new challenges of the international system:
actors, institutions and policies”.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photocopy, microfilm
or any other means, without prior written permission from the publisher. All rights
reserved.
© P.I.E. PETER LANG s.a.
Éditions scientifiques internationales
Brussels, 2016
1 avenue Maurice, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
[email protected]; www.peterlang.com
ISSN 2294-8848
ISBN 978-2-8076-0132-1
ePDF 978-2-8076-0146-8
ePub 978-2-8076-0147-5
Mobi 978-2-8076-0148-2
D/2016/5678/74
Bibliographic information published by “Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek”
“Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek” lists this publication in the “Deutsche Nationalbibliografie”;
detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
Table of Contents
List of Acronyms ..................................................................................11
Italy and Human Rights in 2015:
Universal Ethics, Good Governance and Political Realism .............15
Italian Agenda of Human Rights 2016 ...............................................19
Structure of the 2016 Yearbook ..........................................................25
Part I. ImPlementatIon of InternatIonal
Human rIgHts law In Italy
International Human Rights Law ......................................................29
I. Legal Instruments of the United Nations .................................29
II. Legal Instruments on Disarmament and Non-p roliferation......30
III. Legal Instruments of the Council of Europe ............................30
IV. European Union Law ................................................................30
Italian Law ............................................................................................35
I. The Constitution of the Italian Republic ..................................35
II. National Legislation .................................................................35
III. Municipal, Provincial and Regional Statutes ...........................39
IV. Regional Laws ..........................................................................40
Part II. tHe Human rIgHts Infrastructure In Italy
National Bodies with Jurisdiction over Human Rights ....................47
I. Parliamentary Bodies ...............................................................48
II. Prime Minister’s Office (Presidency) .......................................74
III. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation .....77
IV. Ministry of Labour and Social Policies ....................................81
V. Ministry of Justice ....................................................................84
VI. Judicial Authorities ...................................................................85
VII. Independent Authorities ...........................................................85
VIII. Non- governmental Organisations .............................................90
IX. Human Rights Teaching and Research in Italian Universities ..93
7
Sub- national Human Rights Structures ...........................................105
I. Peace Human Rights Offices in Municipalities, Provinces
and Regions ............................................................................105
II. Ombudspersons in the Italian Regions and Provinces ...........105
III. National Coordinating Body of Ombudspersons ...................106
IV. Network of Ombudspersons for Children and Adolescents ...108
V. National Coordinating Network of Ombudspersons
for the Rights of Detainees .....................................................108
VI. National Coordinating Body of Local Authorities
for Peace and Human Rights ..................................................110
VII. Archives and Other Regional Projects for the Promotion
of a Culture of Peace and Human Rights ...............................112
Region of Veneto .................................................................................115
I. Regional Section for International Relations .........................116
II. Committee for Human Rights and the Culture of Peace ........116
III. Committee for Development Cooperation .............................117
IV. Regional Archive “Pace Diritti Umani – Peace Human
Rights” ....................................................................................118
V. Venice for Peace Research Foundation ..................................119
VI. Ombudsperson for the Rights of the Person ...........................120
VII. Regional Commission for Equal Opportunities between
Men and Women .....................................................................120
VIII. Regional Observatory on Immigration ...................................121
Part III. Italy In DIalogue
wItH InternatIonal Human rIgHts InstItutIons
The United Nations System ...............................................................125
I. General Assembly ...................................................................125
II. Human Rights Council ...........................................................137
III. High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) ................154
IV. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) ........................155
V. Human Rights Treaty Bodies .................................................156
VI. Specialised United Nations Agencies,
Programmes and Funds ...........................................................166
VII. International Organisations with Permanent Observer
Status at the General Assembly ..............................................173
8
Council of Europe ..............................................................................175
I. Parliamentary Assembly .........................................................175
II. Committee of Ministers ..........................................................176
III. European Court of Human Rights ..........................................181
IV. Committee for the Prevention of Torture ...............................181
V. European Committee of Social Rights ...................................182
VI. Commissioner for Human Rights ...........................................186
VII. European Commission against Racism and Intolerance ........188
VIII. Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention
for the Protection of National Minorities ...............................191
IX. European Commission for Democracy through Law .............191
X. Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking
in Human Beings ....................................................................193
XI. Group of States against Corruption ........................................194
XII. Group of Experts on Action against Violence against
Women and Domestic Violence .............................................194
European Union .................................................................................197
I. European Parliament ..............................................................197
II. European Commission ...........................................................198
III. Council of the European Union ..............................................199
IV. Court of Justice of the European Union .................................199
V. European External Action Service..........................................200
VI. Special Representative for Human Rights ..............................200
VII. Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) .......................................200
VIII. European Ombudsman ...........................................................201
IX. European Data Protection Supervisor ....................................201
Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) ....203
I. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
(ODIHR) .................................................................................203
II. High Commissioner on National Minorities ..........................203
III. OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media ...................204
IV. Special Representative and Co- ordinator for Combating
Trafficking in Human Beings .................................................205
Humanitarian and Criminal Law.....................................................207
I. Adapting to International Humanitarian and Criminal Law...207
II. The Italian Contribution to Peace-K eeping and Other
International Missions ............................................................207
9
Part IV. natIonal anD InternatIonal case- law
Human Rights in Italian Case- law ...................................................213
I. Aspects of the Relationship between Italian Justice and
ECtHR Case- law ....................................................................213
II. Immunity of Foreign States and Crimes against
the Dignity of the Person ........................................................215
III. Dignity of the Person and Principles of Biolaw .....................217
IV. Associative and Political Rights .............................................223
V. Asylum and International Protection ......................................224
VI. Discrimination ........................................................................227
VII. Rights of Persons with Disabilities ........................................228
VIII. Social Rights ...........................................................................233
IX. Immigration ............................................................................235
X. Right to a Private Life, Immunity, Right to Property .............237
XI. Children’s Rights ....................................................................242
XII. Pinto Act .................................................................................244
XIII. Criminal Matters .....................................................................246
Italy in the Case-l aw of the European Court of Human Rights ....255
I. Torture, Collective Expulsions, Prison Conditions ................255
II. Non- retroactive Nature of Criminal Law, Right to
Liberty, Right to Life ..............................................................257
III. Property Rights, Fair Trial ......................................................259
IV. Private and Family Life, Freedom of Expression ...................263
Italy in the Case-l aw of the Court of Justice
of the European Union .......................................................................269
I. Custodial Sentences in Cases of Illegal Re-e ntry
into the National Territory ......................................................269
II. Fees for the Issue and Renewal of Long-t erm Residence
Permits ....................................................................................270
Index ....................................................................................................271
Table of Cases .....................................................................................277
Research and Editorial Committee ..................................................287
10