Italian Psychology and Jewish Emigration under Fascism: From Florence to Jerusalem and New York PDF
Preview Italian Psychology and Jewish Emigration under Fascism: From Florence to Jerusalem and New York
Italian and Italian American Studies Stanislao G. Pugliese Hofstra University Series Editor T his publishing initiative seeks to bring the latest scholarship in Italian and Italian American his- tory, literature, cinema, and cultural studies to a large audience of specialists, general readers, and students. The Italian and Italian American Series will feature works on modern Italy (Renaissance to the present) and Italian American culture and society by established scholars as well as new voices in the academy. This endeavor will help to shape the evolving fields of Italian and Italian American Studies by re-emphasizing the connection between the two. The following editorial board consists of esteemed senior scholars who act as advisers to the series editor. REBECCA WEST JOSEPHINE GATTUSO HENDIN University of Chicago New York University FRED GARDAPH É PHILIP V. CANNISTRARO † Queens College, CUNY Queens College and the Graduate School, CUNY ALESSANDRO PORTELLI Universit à di Roma “La Sapienza” Queer Italia: Same-Sex Desire in Italian Literature and Film edited by Gary P. Cestaro July 2004 Frank Sinatra: History, Identity, and Italian American Culture edited by Stanislao G. Pugliese October 2004 Th e Legacy of Primo Levi edited by Stanislao G. Pugliese December 2004 Italian Colonialism edited by Ruth Ben-Ghiat and Mia Fuller July 2005 Mussolini’s Rome: Rebuilding the Eternal City Borden W. Painter Jr. July 2005 Representing Sacco and Vanzetti edited by Jerome H. 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Mosse’s Italy: Interpretation, Reception, and Intellectual Heritage edited by Lorenzo Benadusi and Giorgio Caravale September 2014 Th inking Italian Animals: Human and Posthuman in Modern Italian Literature and Film edited by Deborah Amberson and Elena Past September 2014 Italian Birds of Passage: Th e Diaspora of Neapolitan Musicians in New York Simona Frasca September 2014 Fascist Hybridities: Representations of Racial Mixing and Diaspora Cultures under Mussolini Rosetta Giuliani Caponetto April 2015 Th e Two Mafi as: A Transatlantic History, 1888–2008 Salvatore Lupo August 2015 Male Anxiety and Psychopathology in Film: Comedy Italian Style Andrea Bini September 2015 Giuseppe Mazzini and the Origins of Fascism Simon Levis Sullam October 2015 Italian Academies and their Networks, 1525–1700: From Local to Global Simone Testa October 2015 Interpreting Primo Levi: Interdisciplinary Perspectives edited by Minna Vuohelainen and Arthur Chapman December 2015 Italian Psychology and Jewish Emigration under Fascism: From Florence to Jerusalem and New York Patrizia Guarnieri January 2016 Italian Psychology and Jewish Emigration under Fascism From Florence to Jerusalem and New York Patrizia Guarnieri ITALIAN PSYCHOLOGY AND JEWISH EMIGRATION UNDER FASCISM Copyright © Patrizia Guarnieri 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978-1-137-30655-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New York Plaza, Suite 4500, New York, NY 10004-1562. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. ISBN: 978–1–349–56422–4 E-PDF ISBN: 978–1–137–30656–2 DOI: 10.1057/9781137306562 Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan®, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guarnieri, Patrizia, 1954– author. Italian psychology and Jewish emigration under Fascism : from Florence to Jerusalem and New York / Patrizia Guarnieri. pages cm.—(Italian and Italian American studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1–137–30655–5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Jews—Italy—Florence—Biography. 2. Psychologists—Italy—Florence— Biography. 3. Università di Firenze. Istituto di psicologia—History—20th century. 4. Jews—Italy—Emigration and immigration—History—20th century. 5. Fascism and education—Italy—History—20th century. 6. Italy— Emigration and immigration—History—20th century. I. Title. DS135.I85F545 2016 305.892(cid:2)404551109041—dc23 2015026191 A catalogue record for the book is available from the British Library. Contents Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi Archival Sources xiii Introduction 1 1 Psychologists “in the True Sense of the Word” 13 2 Neo-idealism and the “Cinderella of the Sciences” 43 3 Fascistization, Discrimination, and Persecution 71 4 Th e Zionist Network and Enzo Bonaventura: From Florence to Jerusalem 113 5 Th e Anti-Fascist Network and Renata Calabresi: From Florence to Rome and New York 155 Notes 199 References 231 Index 263 Plates appear between pages 154 and 155 Acknowledgments L ooking for papers scattered about in public archives and private houses, I have often found people who told me their stories about those papers and the lives behind them. They have nearly always been exciting encounters, relations of trust that sometimes became friendships. I cannot find the words to thank Guido Calabresi; years ago, having heard about my work on his aunt, he contacted me and since then has been “at my side” in this research project. I owe special thanks to Francesco De Sarlo Jr., Tessa Marzi and Carlo Alberto Marzi, and Anna Teicher. Also to Rav. Joseph Levi of Florence, who introduced me to the archives of Jerusalem; Ilan Yaniv and Shoham Choshen-Hillel from the Department of Psychology at the Hebrew University, who arranged to have Bonaventura’s papers copied at the Hebrew University Central Archive (HUCA), Jerusalem. For the translation from Hebrew I am indebted to Liora Reif and Odelia Liberanome. Private correspondence is often not conserved, and this was the case for Enzo Bonaventura, Renata, and Massimo Calabresi with the exception of a few letters. I have not an explanation as to why the available papers of some Italian psycholo- gists contain none or very few of De Sarlo’s letters, since he was undoubtedly a very active correspondent. But we have traces and evidences of deletions, even in official documents and publications. All those who provided me with archi- val information have helped me to also detect what has been missing, especially Yochai Ben-Ghedalia of the Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People (CAHJP), Jerusalem; Mirco Bianchi of the Istituto Storico della Resistenza in Toscana (ISRT), Florence; Nicole C. Dittrich of the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), Syracuse University, Syracuse; Raffaella Gobbo of the Archivi della Parola, dell’Immagine e della Comunicazione Editoriale (APICE), Milan; Carmen Henderschott of the New School of Social Research (NSSR), New York; Sean Noel of the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center (HGARC), Boston University, Boston; Maurizio Romano of the Archivio Generale per la Storia dell’Universit à Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (AUC), Milan; Samantha Townsend of the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Oxford (BLO); Michael Vinegrad of the HUCA; and the very generous Paola Zocchi of the Archivi Storici della Psicologia Italiana, Universit à di Milano-Bicocca (ASPI), Milan. Thanks are due to the staff of the University of Florence, particularly Manuela Carmignani, Domenico Iannone, Susanna Massidda, Fioranna Salvadori, and Floriana Tagliabue, the director of the Biblioteca Umanistica . I would also like to thank the Committee of the Biblioteca Umanistica dell’Università di Firenze (BUF), Florence, then directed by Renato Pasta; the Faculty of Psychology and
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