Italian Military Operations Abroad: Just Don’t Call It War

279 Pages·2012·1.15 MB·English

by  Piero Ignazi

Italian Military
Operations Abroad
Just Don't Call It War
Piero Ignazi, Giampiero Giacomello

and Fabrizio Coticchia
Italian Military Operations Abroad
Italian Military Operations
Abroad
Just Don’t Call It War
Piero Ignazi
Professor of Comparative Politics, University of Bologna, Italy
Giampiero Giacomello
Assistant Professor of International Relations, University of Bologna, Italy
and
Fabrizio Coticchia
Research Fellow, CDG Laboratory – Conflict, Development and Global Politics,
Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Italy
Palgrave
macmillan
© Piero Ignazi, Giampiero Giacomello and Fabrizio Coticchia 2012
Afterword © Gianmarco Badialetti 2012
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012
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First published 2012 by
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ISBN 978-1-349-31036-4 ISBN 978-0-230-36828-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-0-230-36828-6
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Contents
List of Figures and Tables vi
Acknowledgements x
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xi
Introduction 1
1 The Foreign Policy of a Latecomer 8
2 The Political Interpretation of Italy’s Military
Operations Abroad 42
3 From the Fall of the Berlin Wall: Italy’s Military
Missions 1990–2001 83
4 From the Fall of the Twin Towers: Italy’s Military
Missions 2001–8 127
5 Treading on Thin Ice: Italy’s Debate on Security and Defence 160
Conclusions 182
Afterword: A View from the Ground 187
Gianmarco Badialetti
Appendix 194
Notes 219
References 238
Index 255
v
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
2.1 Frequencies (in %) of the most frequent categories recorded
in the parliamentary debate relating to Operation Desert
Storm 56
2.2 Frequencies (in %) of the most frequent categories recorded
in the parliamentary debate relating to Operation Desert
Storm by the government 58
2.3 Frequencies (in %) of the most frequent categories recorded
in the parliamentary debate relating to Operation Ibis 60
2.4 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Ibis by the
government 61
2.5 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Alba 63
2.6 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Alba by the
government 65
2.7 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Allied Force 66
2.8 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to the KFOR mission 67
2.9 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Allied Force
by the government 68
2.10 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to the KFOR mission
by the government 69
2.11 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to the OEF and ISAF missions 72
2.12 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to the OEF and ISAF
missions by the government 73
vi
List of Figures and Tables vii
2.13 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Antica Babilonia 75
2.14 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Antica
Babilonia by the government 77
2.15 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to the UNIFIL mission 79
2.16 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to the UNIFIL mission
by the government 80
A1 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Desert Storm 200
A2 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Desert Storm
by the government 201
A3 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Ibis 202
A4 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Alba 203
A5 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Allied Force 204
A6 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to KFOR 205
A7 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Enduring
Freedom and ISAF by the government 206
A8 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Antica
Babilonia 207
A9 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Antica
Babilonia by the government 208
A10 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to UNIFIL 209
A11 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to UNIFIL by the
government 210
viii List of Figures and Tables
Tables
3.1 Iraq 88
3.2 Somalia 97
3.3 Albania 108
3.4 Kosovo (Operation Allied Force) 116
3.5 Kosovo (Operation Allied Harbour and KFOR until
May 2008) 123
4.1 Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Force/Operation Nibbio) 130
4.2 Afghanistan (ISAF until May 2008) 133
4.3 Iraq (Operation Antica Babilonia) 139
4.4 Lebanon (UNIFIL until May 2008) 149
4.5 International framework 155
4.6 Weapons/equipment 156
4.7 Military code 156
4.8 Rules of engagement 156
4.9 Operational tasks of missions 157
5.1 Public support for Italy’s participation in PSOs/MOA (in %)
(2005–9) 161
5.2 Public support for Italy’s participation in PSOs/MOA
by gender (in %) (2009) 161
5.3 Public support for UN exclusive power of
authorization (in %) (2003–9) 162
5.4 Number of police officers (selected EU countries) 162
5.5 Variations in military personnel (2000–10) 168
5.6 Defence expenditure (in US$ billions) 178
5.7 Military attitudes and democracy levels in selected
countries 179
5.8 Global Peace Index ranking (2007–9) 180
A1 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Desert Storm
by political party 211
A2 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Ibis
by political party 212
List of Figures and Tables ix
A3 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Alba
by political party 213
A4 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Allied Force
by political party 214
A5 Frequencies in percentage of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to KFOR by political party 215
A6 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Enduring
Freedom and ISAF by political party 216
A7 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to Operation Antica
Babilonia by political party 217
A8 Frequencies (in %) of the categories recorded in the
parliamentary debate relating to UNIFIL by political party 218
Acknowledgements
The data for this volume were collected thanks to the financial support
provided by the Italian Ministry for University & Research national
grant (PRIN) No. 2005144341. Earlier and preliminary versions of some
chapters were presented as working papers at three International Studies
Association (ISA) conferences in 2006, 2007 and 2008. We would like
to thank all the colleagues that at those conferences and elsewhere pro-
vided comments and remarks, in particular Matthew Evangelista, Hanns
Maull, R. Craig Nation, Angelo Panebianco and Bertjan Verbeek. The
volume’s ideas and all the chapters have been conceived and thoroughly
discussed collectively by the three authors. However, Chapter 1 was
written by Piero Ignazi, Chapter 2 largely by Fabrizio Coticchia with the
help of Giampiero Giacomello, Chapters 3 and 4 by Fabrizio Coticchia,
and finally Chapter 5 by Giampiero Giacomello. The Introduction and
the Conclusion are collective enterprises, while Gianmarco Badialetti
wrote the Afterword.
We would like to express our appreciation to Chiara Alleva for the
interviews, Simona Jacopetti, who helped with the content analysis,
Andrea Bizzari, Veronica Lenzi and Gianluca Pescaroli for the biblio-
graphical research and support, and Palgrave Macmillan’s anonymous
reviewer, whose insightful remarks and observations helped us improve
the quality of this volume. We also wish to thank William J. Burke,
Matthew Carroll, Jennifer Crawford, Samuel George, Britt Sylvester,
David Bull and Dr Lee M. Miller for their invaluable assistance with the
language editing.
Fabrizio Coticchia would like to thank Andrea de Guttry and Francesco
Strazzari for their academic support. Above all Fabrizio is grateful to his
wife and parents for their never-ending confidence. Last (but not least,
as they say) Giampiero Giacomello would like to thank Angela, Jacopo
and Emma Michela (for ‘just being there’).
x