Italian Foreign Policy, 1870-1940 PDF
Preview Italian Foreign Policy, 1870-1940
Foreign Policies of the Great Powers FOREIGN POLICIES OF THE GREAT POWERS VOLUME I The Reluctant Imperialists I: British Foreign Policy 1878-1902 C. J. Lowe VOLUME II The Reluctant Imperialists II: British Foreign Policy 1878-1902, The Documents C. J. Lowe VOLUME III The Mirage of Power I: British Foreign Policy 1902-14 C. J. Lowe and M. L. Dockrill VOLUME IV The Mirage of Power II: British Foreign Policy 1914-22 C. J. Lowe and M. L. Dockrill VOLUME V The Mirage of Power III: 1902-22, The Documents C. J. Lowe and M. L. Dockrill VOLUME VI From Sadowa to Sarajevo: The Foreign Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1866-1914 F. R. Bridge VOLUME VII The Foreign Policy of France from 1914 to 1945 J. Nere VOLUME VIII Italian Foreign Policy 1870-1940 C. J. Lowe and F. Marzari VOLUME IX German Foreign Policy 1871-1914 Imanuel Geiss VOLUME X From Nationalism to Internationalism: US Foreign Policy to 1914 Akira Iriye VOLUME XI Japanese Foreign Policy, 1869-1942: Kasumigaseki to Miyakezaka Ian Nish Foreign Policies of the Great Powers Volume VIII Italian Foreign Policy 1870-1940 C. J. Lowe and F. Marzari Fran^ London and New York First published 1975 by Routledge Reprinted 2002 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, 0X14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016 First issued in paperback 2010 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © Cedric Lowe and the estate of Frank Mazari 1975 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested. ISBN 978-0-415-27372-5 (hbk) (Volume 8) ISBN 978-0-415-60621-9 (pbk) (Volume 8) ISBN 978-0-415-26597-3 (set) Publisher's Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original book may be apparent. Italian Foreign Policy 1 8 7 0 - 1 9 40 C. J. Lowe Professor of History, University of Alberta and F. Marzari lMte Professor of Strategic Studies, University of British Columbia Routledge & Kegan Paul London and Boston Contents Acknowledgments page ix Abbreviations xi Parti I The Sixth Wheel 3 2 From Independence to Alliance 13 3 Mancini, Robilant and the Mediterranean, 1882-7 28 The Egyptian Crisis 28 Via Tripoli to Massowa 32 Massowa 35 Robilant's fortress 39 4 The Crispi Era 47 Crispi and "France 48 Crispi, Austria and the Ottoman Umpire 5i Crispi and Africa 54 The road to Adowa 61 5 Back from Africa 69 Rudint and the settlement with France jo The Prinetti-Barrere agreement 82 Giolitti, Tittoni and the Entente Cordiale 90 The Moroccan Crisis 93 Italy, Austria and the Balkans 96 The Bosnian Crisis 105 6 The Revival of Italian Nationalism 112 V Contents 7 Neutrality and War, 1914-15 133 8 Italy at the Peace Conference 160 Colonial diversions 169 Nitti and D'Annun^io 172 The Treaty of Kapallo 177 Part II 9 Mussolini and the New Diplomacy 183 Mussolini9s ideas 183 The Near East 185 Reparations 191 The Corfu Incident 194 Towards Locarno zoo 10 Italo-French Relations after Locarno 211 11 The Watch on the Brenner 223 The Four Power Pact 224 The Tar dieu Plan 228 Negotiations with Austria 231 12 The Abyssinian War 240 The rise of the Africanisti 242 Wal-Wal 250 Diplomatic preparations 2 5 5 Sanctions 283 13 The Brenner Abandoned 291 Belgrade 292 The Rom-Berlin Axis 297 An opening to the West? 309 14 Munich and After 315 The loss of the initiative 315 The seizure of Albania 3 26 The Pact of Steel 331 vi Contents 15 War, 1940 337 Avoiding the catastrophe 337 A neutral bloc? 353 Intervention 362 Documents 37i Notes 416 Bibliography 458 Index 469 vii
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