Issue 52 | 2009 - University of Exeter Blogs

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Pegasus
Issue 52 | 2009
PEGASUS

The Journal of the Department of Classics and Ancient History in the
University of Exeter

Chief Editors: Rowan Fraser and Sharon Marshall
Editorial Board: Kyle Erickson, Claude Kananack, Shane Brennan, James Collins and Henry Lee

© Pegasus 2009. Copyright is held by the Department of Classics and Ancient History, University
of Exeter, and the authors of each individual contribution. Permission to reproduce material from
Pegasus should be sought in the first place from the editors (address below).

Cover design by COMPRESS.dsl (www.compressdsl.com)

Special thanks to Mike Marshall for proofreading and formatting and to HuSS for providing
matched funding for the Lawrence Shenfield Prize.

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ISSN: 0308-2431
PEGASUS
ISSUE 52 (2009)

8. P.J.Rhodes on 14. A tribute to Dr 40. Undergraduate
the Old Oligarch Lawrence Shenfield production of Lysistrata

Contents
Department News (David Braund) 2
Staff Research News 3
New Postgraduates 6
MA theses 2007-08 7
How Seriously Should We Take the Old Oligarch? (P.J. Rhodes) 8
Interview with Dr Martin Lindner (James Collins and Henry Lee) 14
A Tribute to Dr Lawrence Shenfield (T.P. Wiseman) 16
Dr Lawrence Shenfield Prize 2009 18
An Epicurean Adoption (Chris Davies) 19
The Fall of the Peisistratids in Thucydides VI (Eleanor Davies) 22
Ex tenebris gelidis lucebimus et vincemus (Jack Bullen) 26
Review of T.P. Wiseman, Unwritten Rome (Claude Kananack) 27
Review of R. Stoneman, Alexander the Great: A life in legend (Paula Carrajana) 29
A Promenade of Research in the Yellow-orange Silence of Brown University (Valeria Cinaglia) 32
The Fabric in Aeschylus’ Agamemnon - A Homeric Perspective (Robert Leigh) 34
Review of the Classics Society’s Production of Aristophanes’ Lysistrata (James Collins) 40

Pegasus - 1 - Issue 52 (2009)
Department News
(cid:3)
The(cid:3)major(cid:3)event(cid:3)this(cid:3)last(cid:3)year(cid:3)was(cid:3)the(cid:3)announcement(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)
outcome(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)Research(cid:3)Assessment(cid:3)Exercise(cid:3)2008(cid:3)in(cid:3)
December.(cid:3)In(cid:3)previous(cid:3)Exercises,(cid:3)the(cid:3)Department(cid:3)has(cid:3)done(cid:3)
conspicuously(cid:3)and(cid:3)consistently(cid:3)well.(cid:3)This(cid:3)time(cid:3)again(cid:3)the(cid:3)result(cid:3)
was(cid:3)very(cid:3)good,(cid:3)placing(cid:3)us(cid:3)third(cid:3)in(cid:3)the(cid:3)country(cid:3)for(cid:3)research(cid:3)at(cid:3)
the(cid:3)highest(cid:3)level(cid:3)(closely(cid:3)behind(cid:3)the(cid:3)larger(cid:3)departments(cid:3)in(cid:3)
Cambridge(cid:3)and(cid:3)Oxford).(cid:3)This(cid:3)result(cid:3)was(cid:3)outstanding(cid:3)within(cid:3)the(cid:3)
University,(cid:3)even(cid:3)though(cid:3)the(cid:3)institution(cid:3)as(cid:3)a(cid:3)whole(cid:3)improved(cid:3)
substantially(cid:3)on(cid:3)its(cid:3)previous(cid:3)performances.(cid:3)(cid:3)
(cid:3)
The(cid:3)life(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)Department(cid:3)has(cid:3)been(cid:3)enriched(cid:3)by(cid:3)a(cid:3)series(cid:3)of(cid:3)
visitors(cid:3)from(cid:3)Europe,(cid:3)Japan,(cid:3)South(cid:3)Africa(cid:3)and(cid:3)North(cid:3)America(cid:3)as(cid:3)
well(cid:3)as(cid:3)many(cid:3)from(cid:3)across(cid:3)the(cid:3)UK.(cid:3)Dr(cid:3)Altay(cid:3)Co(cid:404)kun(cid:3)(University(cid:3)of(cid:3)
Waterloo)(cid:3)is(cid:3)with(cid:3)us(cid:3)from(cid:3)January(cid:3)to(cid:3)July(cid:3)2009,(cid:3)working(cid:3)with(cid:3)
Stephen(cid:3)Mitchell(cid:3)on(cid:3)Galatians(cid:3)(Humboldt(cid:3)Foundation).(cid:3)(cid:3)
(cid:3)
Meanwhile,(cid:3)in(cid:3)March(cid:3)we(cid:3)had(cid:3)the(cid:3)pleasure(cid:3)of(cid:3)a(cid:3)visit(cid:3)from(cid:3)our(cid:3)
Ikaros(cid:3)and(cid:3)Helios(cid:3)(cid:882)(cid:3)Black(cid:882)figure(cid:3)vase(cid:3)(cid:3)
painted(cid:3)by(cid:3)Hannah(cid:3)Porter(cid:3) former(cid:3)student(cid:3)Anastasios(cid:3)Leventis,(cid:3)together(cid:3)with(cid:3)his(cid:3)wife(cid:3)and(cid:3)
mother,(cid:3)to(cid:3)inaugurate(cid:3)the(cid:3)Leventis(cid:3)Room(cid:3)in(cid:3)Amory(cid:3)in(cid:3)honour(cid:3)
of(cid:3)his(cid:3)father(cid:3)Konstantinos(cid:3)Leventis,(cid:3)to(cid:3)whose(cid:3)generosity(cid:3)we(cid:3)owe(cid:3)the(cid:3)Leventis(cid:3)Postgraduate(cid:3)Scholarship.(cid:3)
(cid:3)
We(cid:3)congratulate(cid:3)the(cid:3)following(cid:3)students(cid:3)who(cid:3)have(cid:3)successfully(cid:3)completed(cid:3)their(cid:3)PhDs(cid:3)in(cid:3)the(cid:3)last(cid:3)year:(cid:3)
(cid:3)
Eriko(cid:3)Ogden:(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3) A(cid:3)Political(cid:3)Reading(cid:3)of(cid:3)Plato’s(cid:3)Gorgias(cid:3)
Anthony(cid:3)Comfort:(cid:3) Roads(cid:3)on(cid:3)the(cid:3)Frontier(cid:3)between(cid:3)Rome(cid:3)and(cid:3)Persia.(cid:3)An(cid:3)investigation(cid:3)of(cid:3)trade(cid:3)and(cid:3)
travel(cid:3)in(cid:3)the(cid:3)provinces(cid:3)of(cid:3)Euphratesia,(cid:3)Osrhoene(cid:3)and(cid:3)Mesopotamia(cid:3)AD(cid:3)363(cid:882)602(cid:3)
Anna(cid:3)Collar:(cid:3) (cid:3) Networks(cid:3)and(cid:3)Religious(cid:3)Innovation(cid:3)in(cid:3)the(cid:3)Roman(cid:3)Empire(cid:3)
Gillian(cid:3)Ramsey:(cid:3)(cid:3) Ruling(cid:3)the(cid:3)Seleucid(cid:3)Empire:(cid:3)Seleucid(cid:3)Officials(cid:3)and(cid:3)the(cid:3)Official(cid:3)Experience(cid:3)
Pauline(cid:3)Hanesworth:(cid:3)(cid:3)Heroic(cid:3)and(cid:3)Mortal(cid:3)Anodoi:(cid:3)
Representations(cid:3)and(cid:3)Uses(cid:3)of(cid:3)a(cid:3)Mythical(cid:3)
Motif(cid:3)in(cid:3)Archaic(cid:3)and(cid:3)Classical(cid:3)Greece(cid:3)
(cid:3)
(cid:3)
As(cid:3)Pegasus(cid:3)goes(cid:3)to(cid:3)press,(cid:3)the(cid:3)Department(cid:3)is(cid:3)coming(cid:3)to(cid:3)terms(cid:3)
with(cid:3)the(cid:3)departure(cid:3)of(cid:3)our(cid:3)wonderful(cid:3)administrator(cid:3)Claire(cid:3)
Turner,(cid:3)who(cid:3)has(cid:3)been(cid:3)keeping(cid:3)the(cid:3)department(cid:3)together(cid:3)and(cid:3)
functioning(cid:3)for(cid:3)the(cid:3)last(cid:3)eleven(cid:3)years.(cid:3)The(cid:3)good(cid:3)news(cid:3)is(cid:3)that(cid:3)she(cid:3)
remains(cid:3)within(cid:3)HuSS,(cid:3)having(cid:3)moved(cid:3)to(cid:3)lead(cid:3)the(cid:3)Admissions(cid:3)
Team.(cid:3)
(cid:3)
David(cid:3)Braund(cid:3)
Head(cid:3)of(cid:3)Department(cid:3)
(cid:3)

Pegasus - 2 - Issue 52 (2009)
Staff Research News
Barbara Borg ([email protected]): Last year, my Waterloo. Last but not least, I was awarded a Feodor
main project was a monograph on tombs from second Lynen-Visiting Scholarship by the Alexander von
and third century AD Rome, which I hope to finish Humboldt-Stiftung (Bonn), to study the history of the
during next year’s study leave. It is intended to make a Galatians together with Stephen Mitchell at Exeter
major contribution to the social history of the city and (2009–11). My current research focuses on the 3rd to 1st
discusses a wide range of evidence – the tomb centuries BC. Main themes are the impact of the topos
buildings, their locations, interior decoration, movable of ‘Keltensieg’ on our sources as well as on modern
equipment and inscriptions. I am also editing a perspectives, the aims and conditions of the Galatians’
Blackwell Companion to Roman Art, and I have written migrating to central Anatolia, their ensuing political
several contributions to exhibition catalogues and organisation and foreign relations, and finally the
dictionaries on portraiture in Roman Egypt. biography of King Deiotaros Philorhomaios.
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

David Braund ([email protected]): I have been Eleanor Dickey ([email protected]): This year I
pursuing my research on the Black Sea region. I have have mostly been working on Latin loanwords in
had several visits to St. Petersburg, working in the Greek. I have so far found more than 600 loanwords
Hermitage Museum and the neighbouring Institute for that can be demonstrated to have been integrated
the History of Material Culture (Russian Academy of into the Greek language before 600 AD, far more than
Sciences). I have given various papers (especially on is usually thought. In December I also went to
Black Sea Herakles) in Denmark, Poland and Russia, Thessaloniki to give a talk on the development of
etc and also spoken at symposia connected with the Atticism – that is, why Greek writers of the second
international Land of the Golden Fleece exhibition in century AD wanted to write in the language of the
Cambridge and New York. As for publications, my fifth century BC. This conference was great fun,
favourite recent product is a paper on Scythian jokes besides which the city was unexpectedly engulfed in
about Greek colonists. riots that centred on the conference hotel, and I
______________________________________________ gained a much greater understanding of the ancient
interest in battles by watching battles between police
Altay Coskun ([email protected]): The last year (correctly armed with shields and apparently trained in
has been one of the liveliest and most prosperous for phalanx manoeuvres) and rioters (incorrectly armed
me. Most importantly, our son Leander was born in with gas masks and Molotov cocktails, but you can’t
September, and our daughter Luisa became a loving have everything) each night from the balcony. In
sister. At the same time, my Trier-based project ‘The March I am going to a conference on the teaching of
Foreign Friends of Rome’ came to a close with the Latin at Yale, to give a paper on the teaching of Latin
latest update of my Database Amici Populi Romani to Greek speakers in antiquity (using precursors of
(APR 02) and the publication of the edited volume on Berlitz phrasebooks that have turned up on papyrus). I
‘Friendship and Clientele Bonds in the Foreign trust there will be no battles there!
Relations of the Romans, 2nd cent. BC – 1st cent. AD’. ______________________________________________
Still fresh is the ink of my Hermes-Einzelschrift (101):
‘Withdrawal of Citizenship or Expulsion of Foreigners? Chris Gill ([email protected]): My research has
Studies in the Rights of Latins and Other Foreigners as centred this year on ancient psychology and ethics. I
well as in the Change of Citizenship in the Roman am finalising a book, Naturalistic Psychology in Galen
Republic, 5th–1st Centuries BC’ (March 2009). Three and Stoicism, for Oxford University Press, and have
other distinctions awarded in 2008 are still felt with also worked (with John Wilkins and Tim Whitmarsh)
pleasure in 2009: First, the Mainz Academy invited me on a co-edited volume, Galen and the World of
to represent the young generation of scholars in the Knowledge, based on an Exeter conference, for
Humanities; I gave a public talk on the ‘Were the Cambridge University Press. I have also
Romans Generous in Conveying Their Citizenship? In- published or written papers on Platonic, Stoic,
between Myth and Reality’, an extended version of Epicurean, Senecan and Galenic psychology, and
which is now in print. Secondly, I was appointed on ancient ideas of self or identity.
Associate Professor in Ancient History in the ______________________________________________
Department of Classical Studies at the University of

Pegasus - 3 - Issue 52 (2009)
Lena Isayev ([email protected]): I came to the (Swansea, 2009). I have also been continuing to work
Department in 2002 as a historian of ancient Italy and on a project on kingship in archaic and classical Greek
a researcher into material culture. The combination of thought. I organised an interdisciplinary conference in
these fields was a new creative direction for the Cambridge in September with Prof. Charles Melville
community and they embraced it with the same (Cambridge): ‘Every Inch a King: From Alexander to the
curiosity, support and enthusiasm which I have been King of Kings’. I gave a paper at the conference on
fortunate to experience for all my endeavours since Alexander the Great, which I have since written up for
then. In my research I am particularly interested in publication (in the volume of the conference, which
how to access the histories of those groups that have Charles and I will edit). I am currently working on an
not left their own written record, which could be either article on 'Ambivalent kings: ruling and being ruled in
the communities of pre-Roman Italy from Lucania and archaic and classical Greece', as well as a paper on
Samnium or the elusive ancient youth. As such I use a despotism and the rule of law which I will give in
variety of tools from archaeological evidence to Moscow in June, and another on the 'imaginary kings'
testing contemporary theoretical models from of Xenophon, which I will present to a conference in
different fields. The resulting interdisciplinary projects Liverpool in July.
have allowed me to take students on excavations with ______________________________________________
colleagues to Italy and Kazakhstan. Currently I am also
leading a dynamic international team on a venture Stephen Mitchell ([email protected]): I had a
that involves academics from numerous fields and year's study leave in 2008-09 which was largely spent
practicing artists, as well as school children, that working on the corpus of inscriptions of ancient
investigates the way in which the physical world Ankara. The texts include the Res Gestae of Augustus
impacts on the bonds between memory and place and during the year I wrote a historical guide to the
(De-Placing Future Memory: temple of Rome and Augustus at Ankara and this
http://projects.beyondtext.ac.uk/deplacingfuturemem famous inscription, published in English and Turkish
ory/index.php; by the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations,
http://projects.exeter.ac.uk/futurememory/). This Ankara. Another important project was to prepare a
interest is part of a bigger project which considers the catalogue of the large collection of epigraphic
disjunction between the evidence that suggests squeezes housed at the British Institute at Ankara,
continuous mobility throughout history and the co- which is due to be published online during 2009. I
existing belief that the sedentary condition is the have been appointed Director of the Exeter Turkish
norm. It challenges the normative thinking about Studies Centre, a new initiative in the school. Classical
migration and borders which forms part of our Turkey is one of the research strands of the new
bounded nation state mentality. centre.
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

Rebecca Langlands ([email protected]): This Karen ní Mheallaigh ([email protected]):
year I have been developing the Sexual Knowledge, I have had a busy 2008-9 so far… Conference-wise, in
Sexual History project in collaboration with Kate Fisher July 2008 I delivered a paper on Umberto Eco and the
in the History department, as part of the new ancient ass-novel at the International Conference on
Wellcome Strategic Award, in the Centre for Medical the Ancient Novel in Lisbon, Portugal. In December, I
History. We are organising an international conference spoke on ancient speculation about extra-terrestrial
on Sexual Knowledge: the Uses of the Past in July, and life at Trips to the Moon and Beyond: Lucian to NASA,
are making plans to put on an exhibition of historical a festive colloquium at the University of Royal
erotica from the Wellcome Collection as part of a Holloway, London, to celebrate the fortieth
programme of public engagement. My solo work has anniversary of the first moon-landing. I have
included continued study of the work of Valerius continued work on my book about ancient fiction, and
Maximus and the function of exemplary tales within am co-organising a conference, Irony and the Ironic in
Roman culture. Ancient Literature, with Matthew Wright, which will
______________________________________________ take place here at the University of Exeter on
September 1-4 2009.
Lynette Mitchell ([email protected]): This year ______________________________________________
has (finally) seen the publication of essays in honour
of P.J. Rhodes edited by me and Lene Rubinstein
(Royal Holloway): Greek History and Epigraphy

Pegasus - 4 - Issue 52 (2009)
Daniel Ogden ([email protected]): In the past themes, I have nearly completed my book on
year I have published two books, Perseus (Routledge, Aeschylus, entitled (provisionally) Cosmos and Polis in
London, 2008) and Night’s Black Agents (Continuum, Aeschylus: Space and Time in the Earliest Drama. This
London, 2008), and three essays, ‘Bilistiche and the is a new kind of investigation of the way in which
prominence of courtesans in the Ptolemaic tradition’ conceptions of space, time and the cosmos in
in P. McKechnie and P. Guillaume eds. Ptolemy Aeschylus (and other texts) are variously shaped by
Philadelphus and his World (Brill, Leiden, 2008) 353- socially integrative institutions: ritual (with its myth),
85, ‘Bastardy and fatherlessness in the ancient Greek the polis, money. It is the final volume of a trilogy,
world’ in S. Hübner and D.M. Ratzan eds. Growing up loosely connected with my Reciprocity and Ritual
Fatherless in the Antiquity (CUP, Cambridge, 2009) 105- (1994), and Money and the Early Greek Mind (2004).
19, and ‘Alexander’s sex life’ in W. Heckel and L.A. Tritle ______________________________________________
eds. Alexander the Great: a New History (Blackwell,
London, 2009). 203-17. The substantially revised and Richard Stoneman ([email protected]): In
augmented second edition of Magic Witchcraft and April 2008 my Alexander the Great: a life in legend was
Ghosts will shortly appear from OUP USA. I trust that published by Yale. I am continuing to research and
University of Exeter Press will have published my new work on the Alexander legends, and learning from
book Alexander the Great: Myth and Sexuality by the teaching a third-year course on the subject. I am in the
autumn and that the German translation of Greek and early stages of organising a conference on 'The
Roman Necromancy, Nekromantie: das antike Wissen Alexander Romance in the East' to take place in Exeter
der magischen Totenbeschwörung (Roter Drache), will in July 2010, for which we already have acceptances
also have appeared by this time. Currently I am co- from a dozen international speakers. I am currently
editing with Beth Carney a collection of essays busy checking the Italian translation of the second
provisionally entitled, Philip and Alexander: Father and volume of my commentary on the Alexander
Son, and continuing to work on my big book of ancient Romance. (The first volume was published by the
dragons. Fondazione Valla in November 2007, and there is a
______________________________________________ third volume to come). I completed the English text
for Valla in 2001 so I feel I am revisiting old haunts!
Martin Pitts ([email protected]): This year I am And in the interstices of this I am writing a book on
continuing my general focus on the application oracles, entitled Making the Gods Speak, to be
of globalisation theory to aid the historical published by Yale, I hope in 2010.
interpretation of ancient material culture, which has ______________________________________________
led to a major article in the Journal of Anthropological
Archaeology, with the rest shaping up into the Lieve van Hoof ([email protected]): This year,
beginnings of a book. In a related project, I am I have been engaged in two major projects. On the
working with Dr. Rebecca Griffin (School of Dental one hand, I have finished my first book, which argues
Sciences, University of Liverpool) on the investigation that Plutarch’s practical ethics make for much more
of social and health inequalities in late Roman Britain exciting and sophisticated reading than is usually
through the dual contextual analysis of human assumed. On the other hand, I have become a
remains and their associated material culture, which postdoctoral research fellow with affiliations to various
has led to promising results to date. universities both within and outside of the UK. As
______________________________________________ such, I am now working on a project that examines
how Greek authors of the fourth century A.D. used
Julius Rocca ([email protected]): My research, their cultural capital strategically in order to promote
funded by the Wellcome Trust, involves an themselves in a rapidly changing society.
examination of the medical and philosophical ______________________________________________
implications of Galen's use of teleological arguments.
In the spirit of this inquiry, I have organised, together Peter van Nuffelen (P.E.R.Van-
with Professor Chris Gill, an international conference [email protected]): Three areas have kept me
on teleology in the ancient world, to be held at Exeter, busy in 2008: pagan monotheism, Hellenistic history,
8-11 July. and Late Antiquity. The results of the research on
______________________________________________ pagan monotheism are starting to be published: a
paper on Plutarch has appeared in Hermathena (182
Richard Seaford ([email protected]): Apart (2007), 9-39), and together with Stephen Mitchell I
from the usual round of conference papers on various have seen two volumes of papers off to the publishers

Pegasus - 5 - Issue 52 (2009)
(CUP and Peeters). Regarding Hellenistic history, I Navigator’ appeared in Journal of Hellenic Studies
have been involved in the organisation of a 2008. This is an attempt to argue further for the
conference on the ‘Age of the Successors’ (Leuven, author’s substantial project in gathering together
September 2008). I have also edited a volume entitled hundreds of quotations about ancient dining, against
Faces of Hellenism, which should appear in 2009, and those who think he is a ‘mere compiler’.
to which I have contributed a paper on ‘Hellenistic ______________________________________________
Historians and Royal Epithets’. In the field of Late
Antiquity, my attention is divided between three Peter Wiseman ([email protected]):
topics. I am running a project on episcopal succession Remembering the Roman People was published in
with colleagues in Leuven and organising a conference January (OUP), and Anne and Peter Wiseman's Ovid
in October 2009. Work on ‘A cultural history of Late Fasti translation is due to be delivered to OUP before
Antique historiography’ continues, whilst I have also the end of the year. Otherwise, a couple of articles on
given several papers on ritual communication in Late Velleius Paterculus and one on the Romans and civil
Antiquity. war should be appearing in 2009.
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

John Wilkins ([email protected]): Work Matthew Wright ([email protected]): My
continues on Galen and on British Food (as described Companion to Euripides' Orestes (Duckworth) is now
last year). A number of Galen papers have been given on the shelves of all good bookshops. I have been
in the Research Seminar this year, and we have had an making progress on its successor, The Comedian as
exploratory seminar with colleagues from the Critic, as well as writing articles on early classical
Peninsula Medical School on links between literary criticism and literary prizes. Karen ní
Hippocratic medicine and current concerns over diet, Mheallaigh and I are also planning a major conference
exercise and good health. I am nearing completion of on ‘Irony and the Ironic’, to be held in the Department
my edition for Budé of Galen’s treatise on food, de this September: this promises to be an unmissable
alimentorum facultatibus and am also preparing an event.
English translation of his treatise on simple medicines.
Athenaeus is not being neglected: ‘Athenaeus the

______________________________________________________________________________________

New postgraduates
Vijaya-Sharita Baba ([email protected]) Hale Güney ([email protected])
My PhD dissertation is on the women in Later Antique The Resources and Economy of Nicomedia: The
historiography, focusing on the image of women as part objective of this study is to produce a detailed and well-
of narrative techniques. I am currently working on the founded account of the economy of ancient Nicomedia
image of the barbarian women in Ammianus, Justin, (located beneath today’s city of Izmit, Turkey). This will
Orosius, Procopius and Jordanes, the present section be based on an evaluation of the natural resources and
being on the use and image of mythical women. strategic advantages of the city and place special
emphasis on an account and interpretation of the
Oya Dinler ([email protected]) numismatic evidence. The method I will apply in my
By focusing on the Letters of Pliny the Younger, my thesis will be to evaluate the coins within the context
research aims to investigate the concept of luxuria with provided by other sources such as ancient writings,
all its moralizing, political and social connotations and to epigraphic materials and archaeological finds. To this
explore what aspects of luxury were translated into end it will be illuminating to consider architectural
architectural material. Roman baths and bathing structures that were registered in the course of the
establishments, as an expression of luxurious social life, 2005-8 surveys of Kocaeli and its Districts, such as
have been chosen to reconceptualise the Roman idea of aqueducts and sections of ancient roads. I am also
luxury which appears as one of the critical dynamics for heavily involved in the new Exeter Turkish Studies centre.
the changes of Roman life and a new Roman identity.

Pegasus - 6 - Issue 52 (2009)
Laura Hawtree ([email protected]) Beginning with the abundant examples of scenes
My research will concentrate on depictions of wild involving Helen’s abduction/seduction, I will move on to
animals in Roman epic. Many passages in Roman epic other (selected) scenes involving courtship and marriage.
refer to wild animals and afford a stylized indication of My goal is to investigate relationships between issues
the Roman sentiment towards wild animals. Can Roman and discourses that emerge from the vases and other
discussions of relevant animals from other Roman general discourses on the subject/s.
literature and art show that the same Roman attitudes to
wild animals were widespread? Or are wild animals Sotirios Mouhtaris ([email protected])
treated differently in Roman epic? Overall I hope to The main subject of my thesis is incubation in the
focus my research on discovering how the writers of ancient Greek world. In antiquity, people believed in
Roman epics exploited and manipulated the Romans’ prophetic dreams as well as healing dreams. They
views of wild animals and their ideas/stereotypes about sought to come into contact with deities such as
different species. Asklepios, Trophonios and Amphiaraos in order to find
cures or to consult them about personal issues and the
Samantha Masters ([email protected]) future. Belief in Asklepios in particular became very
Affectionately known as ‘Vases have feelings too’ my popular in Classical times through to the Imperial
PhD dissertation (actual provisional title: ‘The language Roman era. However, there is no recent extensive
of love and affection in Archaic and early Classical Greek research regarding incubation, but rather scattered
vase-painting’) engages in the process of reading academic articles. This might mean that the evidence
images, with a view to identifying emotional content in should be re-examined and new links established in this
specific vase scenes. Through a selection of scene types academic sphere, not only to comprehend this practice
concerned with love or seduction (which have hitherto but also to present the rites and rituals and understand
largely been ignored from the perspective of emotional the underlying significance of incubation in the ancient
content), I will assess whether and to what extent Greek world.
emotion is represented, how it is conveyed, how this
emotional vocabulary changes over time, and why.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
MA theses 2007-08

Clare Coombe: An exploration of myths of Roman identity and the hero in Prudentius’
Peristephanon
Phillip Davies: The Seleucid death mask: the public face of the Seleucids, through the eyes of
Augustan Rome
Caroline Green: Looking at Euripides’ Medea in the light of Pasolini’s Medea: The ways that gesture
in the ancient script has been interpreted through the filmic medium
Pamela Hall: Pythagoras: myth of vir sagacis animi?
Laura Hawtree: Virgil: The psychologizing of Death. Aristeus, Aeneas, the lamenting nightingale and
slumbering beasts: To what extent does Virgil’s portrayal and use of death in the
Georgics resemble that in the Aeneid?
Amy Hetherington: A reassessment of the regional division of fourth century villa mosaics in Roman
Britain
Rebekah Maarschalk: Wealth in Dark Age and Archaic Greece
Amber Sears: Creolisation in Roman Britain: a study of bodily identity in first century military
settlements
Laurence Somerfield: An investigation into Domitianic visual culture: alternative histories through art,
architecture and patronage
Salvatore Sutera: ‘Guardians of the Poor’: The charitable works of bishops in late antiquity
Dominic Wilson: Representations of the Sisyphus myth in the classical tradition

Pegasus - 7 - Issue 52 (2009)
How(cid:3)Seriously(cid:3)Should(cid:3)We(cid:3)Take(cid:3)the(cid:3)Old(cid:3)Oligarch?(cid:3)
P.(cid:3)J.(cid:3)Rhodes
T(cid:3)
he(cid:3)question(cid:3)I(cid:3)want(cid:3)to(cid:3)address(cid:3)here(cid:3)is:(cid:3)how(cid:3) and(cid:3)the(cid:3)group(cid:3)contrast(cid:3)evoked(cid:3)by(cid:3)Nicias(cid:3)in(cid:3)the(cid:3)
much(cid:3)truth(cid:3)is(cid:3)there(cid:3)behind(cid:3)the(cid:3)obviously(cid:3) debate(cid:3)on(cid:3)the(cid:3)Sicilian(cid:3)expedition(cid:3)is(cid:3)between(cid:3)old(cid:3)and(cid:3)
partisan(cid:3)picture(cid:3)of(cid:3)Athens(cid:3)which(cid:3)the(cid:3)pamphlet(cid:3) young.7(cid:3)In(cid:3)Aristophanes’(cid:3)fifth(cid:882)century(cid:3)comedies(cid:3)the(cid:3)
by(cid:3)the(cid:3)‘Old(cid:3)Oligarch’(cid:3)paints?1(cid:3) contrast(cid:3)is(cid:3)between(cid:3)honest(cid:3)Demos(cid:3)and(cid:3)the(cid:3)self(cid:882)
(cid:3) The(cid:3)most(cid:3)striking(cid:3)feature(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)work(cid:3)is(cid:3)the(cid:3) seeking(cid:3)politicians(cid:3)who(cid:3)mislead(cid:3)him;(cid:3)there(cid:3)is(cid:3)mockery(cid:3)
polarised(cid:3)division(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)Athenians(cid:3)into(cid:3)an(cid:3)upper(cid:3)and(cid:3) of(cid:3)fashionable(cid:3)young(cid:3)men(cid:3)such(cid:3)as(cid:3)Phidippides,(cid:3)and(cid:3)of(cid:3)
a(cid:3)lower(cid:3)class:(cid:3)various(cid:3)words(cid:3)are(cid:3)used(cid:3)for(cid:3)each,(cid:3)and(cid:3) clever(cid:3)men(cid:3)such(cid:3)as(cid:3)Socrates;(cid:3)but(cid:3)there(cid:3)is(cid:3)not(cid:3)a(cid:3)
the(cid:3)line(cid:3)is(cid:3)not(cid:3)always(cid:3)drawn(cid:3)in(cid:3)the(cid:3)same(cid:3)place;(cid:3)for(cid:3) polarisation(cid:3)of(cid:3)rich(cid:3)and(cid:3)poor(cid:3)or(cid:3)upper(cid:3)and(cid:3)lower(cid:3)
instance,(cid:3)in(cid:3)i.2(cid:3)hoplites(cid:3)belong(cid:3)to(cid:3)the(cid:3)upper(cid:3)class(cid:3)but(cid:3) class,(cid:3)and(cid:3)it(cid:3)is(cid:3)a(cid:3)characteristic(cid:3)for(cid:3)which(cid:3)Cleon(cid:3)is(cid:3)
sailors(cid:3)to(cid:3)the(cid:3)lower,(cid:3)yet(cid:3)in(cid:3)i.3(cid:3)members(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)lower(cid:3) mocked(cid:3)that(cid:3)he(cid:3)sees(cid:3)conspirators(cid:3)everywhere.8(cid:3)
class(cid:3)are(cid:3)keen(cid:3)to(cid:3)hold(cid:3)the(cid:3)offices(cid:3)‘which(cid:3)involve(cid:3) (cid:3) In(cid:3)the(cid:3)fourth(cid:3)century(cid:3)the(cid:3)Hellenica(cid:3)Oxyrhynchia(cid:3)
receipt(cid:3)of(cid:3)pay(cid:3)and(cid:3)domestic(cid:3)benefit’(cid:3)—(cid:3)though(cid:3)as(cid:3)far(cid:3) ascribed(cid:3)different(cid:3)policies(cid:3)in(cid:3)396(cid:3)to(cid:3)the(cid:3)respectable(cid:3)
as(cid:3)we(cid:3)know(cid:3)the(cid:3)exclusion(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)lowest(cid:3)Solonian(cid:3) and(cid:3)propertied(cid:3)and(cid:3)to(cid:3)the(cid:3)many(cid:3)and(cid:3)democratic,(cid:3)but(cid:3)
class,(cid:3)the(cid:3)thetes,(cid:3)from(cid:3)office(cid:882)holding(cid:3)was(cid:3)enforced(cid:3)to(cid:3) the(cid:3)only(cid:3)other(cid:3)text(cid:3)suggesting(cid:3)that(cid:3)kind(cid:3)of(cid:3)division(cid:3)is(cid:3)
the(cid:3)end(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)fifth(cid:3)century,2(cid:3)and(cid:3)I(cid:3)believe(cid:3)(despite(cid:3) a(cid:3)passage(cid:3)in(cid:3)Aristophanes’(cid:3)Ecclesiazusae,(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)late(cid:3)
recent(cid:3)attempts(cid:3)to(cid:3)argue(cid:3)otherwise)(cid:3)that(cid:3)the(cid:3)line(cid:3) 390s;9(cid:3)elsewhere(cid:3)the(cid:3)main(cid:3)fourth(cid:882)century(cid:3)division(cid:3)is(cid:3)
between(cid:3)zeugitai(cid:3)and(cid:3)thetes(cid:3)was(cid:3)the(cid:3)line(cid:3)between(cid:3) grounded(cid:3)in(cid:3)a(cid:3)notorious(cid:3)traumatic(cid:3)event,(cid:3)which(cid:3)side(cid:3)
hoplites(cid:3)and(cid:3)non(cid:882)hoplites.3(cid:3) a(cid:3)man(cid:3)was(cid:3)on,(cid:3)and(cid:3)at(cid:3)what(cid:3)stage,(cid:3)in(cid:3)404–403.10(cid:3)After(cid:3)
(cid:3) Thuydides(cid:3)writes(cid:3)of(cid:3)that(cid:3)kind(cid:3)of(cid:3)polarisation(cid:3)in(cid:3) 411–410(cid:3)and(cid:3)404–403(cid:3)everybody(cid:3)active(cid:3)in(cid:3)politics(cid:3)
connection(cid:3)with(cid:3)other(cid:3)cities,(cid:3)particularly(cid:3)Corcyra,4(cid:3) accepted(cid:3)the(cid:3)democracy,(cid:3)though(cid:3)it(cid:3)was(cid:3)discovered(cid:3)
but(cid:3)not(cid:3)in(cid:3)connection(cid:3)with(cid:3)Athens(cid:3)until(cid:3)he(cid:3)reaches(cid:3) that(cid:3)one(cid:3)could(cid:3)make(cid:3)adjustments(cid:3)without(cid:3)having(cid:3)a(cid:3)
the(cid:3)revolution(cid:3)of(cid:3)411.(cid:3)After(cid:3)the(cid:3)death(cid:3)of(cid:3)Pericles(cid:3) revolution.(cid:3)In(cid:3)the(cid:3)Demosthenic(cid:3)period(cid:3)men(cid:3)would(cid:3)
(whom(cid:3)by(cid:3)wishful(cid:3)thinking(cid:3)he(cid:3)represents(cid:3)as(cid:3)an(cid:3) call(cid:3)themselves(cid:3)democrats(cid:3)and(cid:3)their(cid:3)opponents(cid:3)
unchallenged(cid:3)leader)(cid:3)he(cid:3)writes(cid:3)of(cid:3)rivals(cid:3)for(cid:3)the(cid:3) oligarchs,(cid:3)but(cid:3)Demosthenes(cid:3)tended(cid:3)to(cid:3)distinguish(cid:3)
dominance(cid:3)over(cid:3)the(cid:3)people;5(cid:3)Cleon(cid:3)is(cid:3)the(cid:3)greatest(cid:3) between(cid:3)a(cid:3)few(cid:3)ultra(cid:882)rich(cid:3)men(cid:3)such(cid:3)as(cid:3)Midias(cid:3)and(cid:3)
persuader(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)people;(cid:3)but(cid:3)his(cid:3)opponents(cid:3)Diodotus(cid:3) everybody(cid:3)else,(cid:3)and(cid:3)he(cid:3)redefined(cid:3)democracy(cid:3)to(cid:3)mean(cid:3)
in(cid:3)427(cid:3)and(cid:3)Nicias(cid:3)in(cid:3)425(cid:3)are(cid:3)not(cid:3)oligarchs(cid:3)(those(cid:3) freedom(cid:3)from(cid:3)external(cid:3)enemies(cid:3)such(cid:3)as(cid:3)Philip(cid:3)rather(cid:3)
attacked(cid:3)as(cid:3)a(cid:3)group(cid:3)in(cid:3)427(cid:3)are(cid:3)intellectuals(cid:3)who(cid:3) than(cid:3)internal(cid:3)freedom.(cid:3)I(cid:3)do(cid:3)not(cid:3)think(cid:3)anybody(cid:3)at(cid:3)that(cid:3)
consider(cid:3)themselves(cid:3)more(cid:3)clever(cid:3)than(cid:3)the(cid:3)laws);6(cid:3) time(cid:3)was(cid:3)seriously(cid:3)opposed(cid:3)to(cid:3)the(cid:3)democracy;(cid:3)and(cid:3)
Alcibiades(cid:3)in(cid:3)415(cid:3)is(cid:3)not(cid:3)one(cid:3)of(cid:3)a(cid:3)group,(cid:3)but(cid:3)a(cid:3)single(cid:3) when(cid:3)the(cid:3)democracy(cid:3)was(cid:3)overthrown(cid:3)in(cid:3)321(cid:3)I(cid:3)think(cid:3)
exceptional(cid:3)figure(cid:3)who(cid:3)is(cid:3)seen(cid:3)as(cid:3)a(cid:3)potential(cid:3)tyrant,(cid:3) this(cid:3)was(cid:3)because,(cid:3)thanks(cid:3)to(cid:3)Demosthenes,(cid:3)
democracy(cid:3)had(cid:3)come(cid:3)to(cid:3)be(cid:3)identified(cid:3)with(cid:3)opposition(cid:3)
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)
to(cid:3)Macedon.11(cid:3)
1(cid:3)I(cid:3)was(cid:3)delighted(cid:3)to(cid:3)be(cid:3)invited(cid:3)to(cid:3)join(cid:3)with(cid:3)John(cid:3)Marr(cid:3)in(cid:3)
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)
completing(cid:3)J.(cid:3)L.(cid:3)Marr(cid:3)&(cid:3)P.(cid:3)J.(cid:3)Rhodes(cid:3)(edd.),(cid:3)The(cid:3)‘Old(cid:3)Oligarch’:(cid:3)
The(cid:3)Constitution(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)Athenians(cid:3)Attributed(cid:3)to(cid:3)Xenophon(cid:3)(Aris(cid:3)&(cid:3) 7(cid:3)Alcibiades,(cid:3)Thuc.(cid:3)VI.12.ii,(cid:3)15.ii–17.i,(cid:3)28–9,(cid:3)53–61;(cid:3)old(cid:3)and(cid:3)young,(cid:3)
Phillips(cid:3)[Oxbow(cid:3)Books],(cid:3)2008),(cid:3)to(cid:3)read(cid:3)this(cid:3)paper(cid:3)in(cid:3)Exeter(cid:3)at(cid:3)the(cid:3) 13.i.(cid:3)
seminar(cid:3)on(cid:3)5(cid:3)November(cid:3)2008(cid:3)marking(cid:3)the(cid:3)book’s(cid:3)publication,(cid:3) 8(cid:3)Demos(cid:3)and(cid:3)politicians,(cid:3)Ar.(cid:3)Eq.(cid:3)and(cid:3)passim;(cid:3)Phidippides(cid:3)and(cid:3)
and(cid:3)to(cid:3)have(cid:3)it(cid:3)published(cid:3)in(cid:3)Pegasus.(cid:3)All(cid:3)translations(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)work(cid:3) Socrates,(cid:3)Ar.(cid:3)Nub.;(cid:3)Cleon(cid:3)and(cid:3)conspirators,(cid:3)e.g.(cid:3)Ar.(cid:3)Eq.(cid:3)235–9.(cid:3)
given(cid:3)here(cid:3)are(cid:3)from(cid:3)that(cid:3)edition.(cid:3) 9(cid:3)(cid:915)(cid:993)(cid:561)(cid:912)(cid:958)(cid:913)(cid:561)(cid:960)(cid:916)<(cid:909)>(cid:905)(cid:909)(cid:910)(cid:905)(cid:999)(cid:918)(cid:561)(cid:910)(cid:901)(cid:992)(cid:561)(cid:920)(cid:932)(cid:918)(cid:561)(cid:915)(cid:1025)(cid:919)(cid:991)(cid:901)(cid:918)(cid:561)(cid:963)(cid:923)(cid:915)(cid:913)(cid:920)(cid:905)(cid:918)(cid:561)...(cid:561)(cid:915)(cid:993)(cid:561)(cid:904)(cid:958)(cid:561)(cid:916)(cid:915)(cid:911)(cid:911)(cid:915)(cid:992)(cid:561)
2(cid:3)See(cid:3)Ath.(cid:3)Pol.(cid:3)7.iv,(cid:3)26.ii,(cid:3)47.i,(cid:3)with(cid:3)P.(cid:3)J.(cid:3)Rhodes,(cid:3)A(cid:3)Commentary(cid:3)on(cid:3)
(cid:910)(cid:901)(cid:992)(cid:561)(cid:904)(cid:907)(cid:912)(cid:915)(cid:920)(cid:909)(cid:910)(cid:915)(cid:991),(cid:3)Hell.(cid:3)Oxy.(cid:3)9.(cid:3)iii(cid:3)Chambers;(cid:3)‘Ships(cid:3)must(cid:3)be(cid:3)
the(cid:3)Aristotelian(cid:3)Athenaion(cid:3)Politeia(cid:3)(O.U.P.,(cid:3)1981),(cid:3)ad(cid:3)locc.(cid:3)The(cid:3)
launched:(cid:3)the(cid:3)poor(cid:3)man(cid:3)approves,(cid:3)the(cid:3)rich(cid:3)and(cid:3)farmers(cid:3)do(cid:3)not(cid:3)
latest(cid:3)serious(cid:3)use(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)classes(cid:3)which(cid:3)is(cid:3)attested(cid:3)was(cid:3)in(cid:3)428(cid:3)
approve’,(cid:3)Ar.(cid:3)Eccl.(cid:3)197–8(cid:3)—(cid:3)but(cid:3)triremes(cid:3)><(cid:3)stipends(cid:3)in(cid:3)Eq.(cid:3)1350–
(Thuc.(cid:3)III.16.i).(cid:3)
3(cid:3)does(cid:3)not(cid:3)necessarily(cid:3)imply(cid:3)class(cid:3)division.(cid:3)
3(cid:3)See,(cid:3)for(cid:3)instance,(cid:3)L.(cid:3)Foxhall,(cid:3)‘A(cid:3)View(cid:3)from(cid:3)the(cid:3)Top:(cid:3)Evaluating(cid:3) 10(cid:3)Men(cid:3)who(cid:3)stayed(cid:3)in(cid:3)the(cid:3)city(cid:3)under(cid:3)the(cid:3)Thirty(cid:3)(those(cid:3)who(cid:3)served(cid:3)
the(cid:3)Solonian(cid:3)Property(cid:3)Classes’,(cid:3)in(cid:3)L.(cid:3)G.(cid:3)Mitchell(cid:3)&(cid:3)P.(cid:3)J.(cid:3)Rhodes(cid:3)
in(cid:3)the(cid:3)cavalry(cid:3)being(cid:3)particularly(cid:3)guilty)(cid:3)are(cid:3)contrasted(cid:3)with(cid:3)those(cid:3)
(edd).,(cid:3)The(cid:3)Development(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)Polis(cid:3)in(cid:3)Archaic(cid:3)Greece(cid:3)
who(cid:3)went(cid:3)into(cid:3)exile(cid:3)(those(cid:3)who(cid:3)joined(cid:3)Thrasybulus(cid:3)while(cid:3)he(cid:3)was(cid:3)
(Routledge,(cid:3)1997),(cid:3)113–36,(cid:3)with(cid:3)the(cid:3)response(cid:3)of(cid:3)Rhodes,(cid:3)p.(cid:3)4.(cid:3)
still(cid:3)at(cid:3)Phyle(cid:3)being(cid:3)particularly(cid:3)meritorious):(cid:3)for(cid:3)one(cid:3)instance(cid:3)
4(cid:3)Thuc.(cid:3)III.69–85,(cid:3)with(cid:3)general(cid:3)remarks(cid:3)on(cid:3)stasis(cid:3)82–3.(cid:3) among(cid:3)many(cid:3)see(cid:3)Lys.(cid:3)XVI.(cid:3)Mantitheus.(cid:3)
5(cid:3)Thuc.(cid:3)II.65.v–xiii.(cid:3) 11(cid:3)On(cid:3)fourth(cid:882)century(cid:3)Athens(cid:3)see(cid:3)P.(cid:3)J.(cid:3)Rhodes,(cid:3)‘Democracy(cid:3)and(cid:3)Its(cid:3)
6(cid:3)Cleon(cid:3)pithanotatos,(cid:3)Thuc.(cid:3)III.36.vi,(cid:3)IV.21.iii;(cid:3)intellectuals,(cid:3)III.37.iv(cid:3) Opponents(cid:3)in(cid:3)Fourth(cid:882)Century(cid:3)Athens’,(cid:3)in(cid:3)U.(cid:3)Bultrighini(cid:3)(ed.),(cid:3)
–(cid:3)38.vi.(cid:3) Democrazia(cid:3)e(cid:3)antidemocrazia(cid:3)nel(cid:3)mondo(cid:3)greco(cid:3)(Alessandria:

Pegasus - 8 - Issue 52 (2009)