ISSN 2354-7294

84 Pages·2016·2.79 MB·English

JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA
ISSN 2354 -7294
Volume 4, Nomor 1, Juni 2016
Terbit dua kali setahun pada bulan Juni dan Desember. Berisi tulisan berupa hasil penelitian
(lapanganataukepustakaan),gagasankonseptual,kajiandanaplikasiteorimengenaikebudayaan.
EDITORIALTEAM
KetuaEditor
Dr.MuhammadHasyim,M.Si.
DewanEditor
Prof.Dr.SumarwatiK.,Poli,M.Lit.(Kesusastraan,UniversitasHasanuddin)
Prof.Drs.BurhanuddinArafah,M.Hum,Ph.D.(Kesusastraan,UniversitasHasanuddin)
Prof.Dr.AkinDuli,M.A.(SejarahdanArkeologi,UniversitasHasanuddin)
Prof.Dr.TajuddinMaknun,SU(BahasadanBudaya,UniversitasHasanuddin)
Prof.Dr.RasyidAsbah,M.Hum(Sejarah,UniversitasHasanuddin)
Dr.WeningUdasmoro,M.Hum.,DEA(BahasaBudayadanMedia,UniversitasGadjahMada)
Dr.RahayuSurtiatiHidayat,(BahasadanPenerjemahan,UniversitaIndonesia)
Prof.OlivierSevin(GeografiBudayaAsiaPasifik,UniversitasParisIVSorbonnePrancis)
ManagingEditor
Drs.Hasbullah,M.Hum.
Dr.MardiAdiArmin,M.Hum.
Dr.AdeYolanda,Yolanda,M.A.
Dr.PrasuriKuswarini,M.A.
FierenzianaGetruidaJunus,S.S.,M.Hum.
AndiFaisal,S.S.,M.Hum.
Wahyuddin,S.S.,Hum.
Masdiana,S.S.,M.Hum.
StafRedaksi
Rugaiya,A.Md.
Fitriani,S.S.
Alamat Penerbit/Redaksi : Departemen Sastra Prancis Fakultas Ilmu Budaya - Universitas
Hasanuddin
Jl.PerintisKemerdekaankm10TamalanreaMakassar90245.http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jib
email:[email protected]
Jurnal Ilmu Budaya menerima sumbangan tulisan mengenai kebudayaan yang belum pernah
diterbitkan dalam media lain dalam bahasa Indonesia, Inggris dan atau Prancis. Naskah disusun
berdasarkan format yang ada pada halaman belakang. (Petunjuk untuk penulis). Naskah yang masuk
akandievaluasidandisuntingolehEditorialTeamtanpamengubahisinya.
JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA
ISSN 2354-7294
Volume4,Nomor1,Juni2016
DAFTAR ISI
Sultan Of Ternate Iskandar Djabir Syah: From Malino Conference To Become The 1–12
MinisterOfHomeAffairs OfEastern Indonesia State(Negara IndonesiaTimur/Nit)
1946-1950
Rustam Hasyim, Program Doktor Ilmu-ilmu Humaniora Fakultas Ilmu Budaya
UGM/DosenPKnFKIP Unkhair Ternate)
Perdagangan Dan Ekonomi Di Sulawesi Selatan, pada Tahun 1900-An Sampai 13–28
dengan1930-an
NahdiaNur, ProgramStudi S3Ilmu-ilmuHumaniora Universitas GadjahMada
Simetri Dalam Tir &Lir KaryaMarieRedonnet 29–38
Sitti FhatimahSarro1,AdeYolanda2,Masdiana3,JurusanSastra Prancis Fakultas
IlmuBudayaUniversitas Hasanuddin,1,2,3
Penerjemahan, Intertekstualitas, HermeneutikadanEstetikaResepsi 39–47
Prasuri Kuswarini,Fakultas IlmuBudayaUniversitas Hasanuddin
Orientalis danOrientalismedalam PerspektifSejarah 48–63
H.Muhammad Bahar Akkase Teng Departemen Ilmu Sejarah Universitas
Hasanuddin
Eksistensi KataSerapan Dalam Al-Qur’an
Zuhriah,JurusanSastraAsiaBarat Fakultas IlmuBudayaUniversitas Hasanuddin 64–71
Ikonitas “BhinnekaTunggal Ika”dalam Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean(Mea)
Muhammad Hasyim1, Hasbullah2, Isfajar, Jurusan Sastra Prancis Universitas 72–78
Hasanuddin1,2,Universitas Negeri Semarang
1 | JURNA L I LMU B UDA YA
Vo lu me 4 , N omo r 1 , Ju n i 2 016 , I SSN : 23 5 4-7 2 9 4

SULTAN OF TERNATE ISKANDAR DJABIR SYAH:
FROM MALINO CONFERENCE TO BECOME THE MINISTER OF
HOME AFFAIRS OF EASTERN INDONESIA STATE
(NEGARA INDONESIA TIMUR/NIT) 1946-1950

Rustam Hasyim1
Program Doktor Ilmu-ilmu Humaniora Fakultas Ilmu Budaya UGM/
Dosen PKn FKIP Unkhair Ternate)
[email protected]

Abstract
This study aims to reconstruct the political participation of Iskandar Djabir Syah (the 47th Sultan
of Ternate) in the establishment of the State of Eastern Indonesia. The study focuses on outlining
some political events involving Iskandar Djabir Syah such as the Malino and Denpasar conferences
and becaming the Minister of Home Affairs of the Eastern Indonesia State for 1949 to 1950 periods.
The method used in this paper is a heuristic method that is history, criticism, interpretation and
historiography. The results showed that: (1) the participation of Sultan of Ternate Iskandar Djabir
Syah in the unitary state started in the early independence of the Republic of Indonesia; it was
characterized by conducting Malino and Denpasar conferences in 1946. The establishment of the
Eastern Indonesia State became the political inspiration for Iskandar Djabir Syah to involve as the
senate member of the Eastern Indonesia State/NIT representing North Maluku, as well as one of its
designers. (2) As one of the leaders who agreed to the idea of van Mook to form a federalist country
in the Malino and Denpasar conference, so that when the Eastern Indonesia State was formed, he was
appointed as the Minister of Home Affairs in the cabinet of J.E. Tatengkeng for 1949 to 1950 periods.
(3) Malino to Denpasar Conference in 1946 initiated by H.J. van Mook was the Dutch effort to
establish the states in order to realize the United States of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia Serikat/RIS)
based on Linggarjati Agreement. At the conference, it was formed the Eastern Indonesia State
(Negara Indonesia Timur/NIT) covering the areas of Sulawesi, Small Sunda (Bali and Nusa Tenggara)
and the Maluku Islands.

Keywords: Sultan of Ternate Iskandar Djabir Syah, Political History, Malino and Denpasar
Conferences, the Minister of Home Affairs of Eastern Indonesia State (NIT).

A. INTRODUCTION alleged involvement in Bellion Jailolo
Iskandar Djabir Syah was the 46th (West Halmahera). In 1917, Iskandar
sultan of Ternate. He was born on March Djabir Syah attended a school in Batavia.
4th, 1902. Iskandar Djabir Syah was the During his studying in Batavia, he met
second child of seven children from many friends who introduced him to a
Usman Syah (the 45th Sultan of Ternate) political movement. Agus Salim, a
and the daughter of Mihir (nobility prominent figure at PSI, invited him to
Susupu). His formal education began in join PSI, a political organization in 1920 to
1912 by entering the Malay School 1925. From this organization, Iskandar
(Primary School) in Ternate. After Djabir Syah enriched his political
graduating from elementary Malay in education which greatly influenced his
1915, he continued to Europese Lagere political view in the future.
School (Yunior High School) in Ternate, At the time of Sukarno and Hatta
but did not complete his study because he proclaimed the Indonesia's independence
followed his father, Sultan Usman,who on August 17, 1945, this era was marked
was exiled by the Dutch to London for his as the beginning of new ideological and
1. A Postgraduate student from the department of History UGM. This article is part of a dissertation on The Elite
Sultanate of Ternate’s Participation in the Change of Regime: The Political History of Ternate, 1946-2002. I
would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Djoko Suryo as my supervisor and Prof. Dr. Bambang Purwanto,
MA as co-supervisor.
2 | JURNA L I LMU B UDA YA
Vo lu me 4 , N omo r 1 , Ju n i 2 016 , I SSN : 23 5 4-7 2 9 4

political struggle between the nobility and meanwhile Iskandar Djabir Syah believed
the anti-self-governing groups (republican Indonesia should appear as an egalitarian
vs swapraja) in the Sultanate of Ternate. democratic state by giving wider
Political legitimacy, economic and cultural autonomy to the provinces (particularly in
position should have provided wider the eastern Indonesia).
opportunity and certain level of social As a Sultan who had a traditional
location for the nobility after the authority over the East coast of Sulawesi
independence. However, the emergence of (Buton and Bangai) to the north of West
nationalism blew the nobility's perception Papua, Seram and North Maluku which
of independence since the construction of consists of diversity natural and
a state ideology of nationalism emphasizes geographical, and cultural conditions, he
loyalty to the new nation. As a result, the believed that it was certainly very difficult
presence of the new nation state of to unite all the diversities into the
Indonesia threated the three pillars of centralized unitary state.
political and economic supremacy, Therefore,SultanIskandar Djabir took a
namely; first, the political and economical decision to be part of Senate of NIT
relations between the nobles and their representing North Maluku when
subordinates were demolished by the new participating at a conference in Malino
government's adaptation of the ideological and then in Denpasar in 1946. These
state nationalism. The emergence of new conference were concerning the
system elevated the social location of establishment of the federation state of
kawula as subordinated to citizenship. Indonesia initiated by van Mook.
Second, the system of economic relations B. Malino Conference on July 16 to 24,
woven with its subordinate became loose 1946: the Birth Embryo of NIT
due to the implementation of agrarian law Based on the approval obtained from
political which advocated land the Dutch Government, van Mook carried
privatization and the shift in the out a conference in Malino on July 16 to
predominant production of feudal to 24, 1946 in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The
capitalist production system. Third, the decision to conduct a conference in
traditional values of the traditional elite Makassar due to several speculative and
tending to be astrictive had to face the conspiratorial considerations.
meritocratic values brought by modernity, Geographically, Makassar was considered
for example, positions in the bureaucracy relatively far away from the control of the
were no longer as something inherent but new government of Indonesia. During that
must be based on specific competency. time, Eastern part of Indonesia was
Facing those changes, Sultanate of occupied by the Australian Army on behalf
Ternate should decide whether following of the Allies which was politically and
the logic of Soekarno’s power by taking security benefit. The conference was
part in the national political arena or attended by 39 members of the Senate of
opposing him by participating in political 15 areas such as: Bali, Lombok, Riau,
movement following Van Mook's concept South Sulawesi, Bangka Belitung, Borneo,
of the nation state. Kinds of form and East Borneo, North Maluku, Minahasa,
system which should replace the system Sangir Talaud, Gorontalo, Central
conducted during the colonial were a Sulawesi, Neeuw Guinea (Irian), Flores,
heated discussion among politicians. There Timor, Sumba, Sumbawa, South Borneo,
was two popular views namely, the view and South Maluku. The conference aimed
of those nationalists who believed that the at discussing the formation of the state
unity of the Indonesian state depended on federation in Indonesia as well as the
the strength of the central control; establishment of the state covering the
3 | JURNA L I LMU B UDA YA
Vo lu me 4 , N omo r 1 , Ju n i 2 016 , I SSN : 23 5 4-7 2 9 4

areas in eastern Indonesia (Adnan Amal, the rim of Republic of United Indonesia
2007:211). and the rural areas which were remote
In Malino conference, van Mook from the central were freer to develop
offered the structural form of the themselves. In addition, the concept of
federation state provided that the part areas federal state gave the space to the kings in
that would be the components of the the eastern Indonesia to seize their power
federation must be the wide areas and had (IrzaArnita Djafaar, 2005: 114).
the economic potential, social, strong Malino Conference in July 16 to 24,
political. Van Mook’s idea received 1946 was the foundation of the formation
positive response from the delegate of of the state of Eastern Indonesia (Negara
North Maluku, Sultan of Ternate, Iskandar Indonesia Timur/NIT). NIT is the oldest
Djabir Syah. For Iskandar Muhammad and largest among the countries
Djabir Syah, the formation of a federal established by the Dutch government. The
state was not disintegration but it was a strong position of the Dutch in the eastern
system of government that was not Indonesia became the reason for the Dutch
different from the unitary state. The basic to give wide autonomy to the Eastern
idea of the most substantial federal state Indonesia State consisting of hundreds of
was guaranteed the fairness in the large and small islands and divided into 13
allocation of resources, in addition to autonomous regions. The Eastern
enabling the effective and efficient Indonesia was selected as the first area
administration management because its where the first state to be formed. Dutch
scope was more limited. In addition, the military power was relatively large in this
state of Eastern Indonesia would be area, anyway the Netherlands was correct
transformed into a prosperous country and in its assessment that the idea of the
could develop its own identity as wanted federal state would have special attraction
by all parties (Irza Arnita Djafaar, 2005: for the people outside the Java island who
32). were pretty anxious about the Javanese
Conceptually, the idea of van Mook politics who were much larger.
about the federal state was not a new thing In this conference, there were some
for Iskandar Muhammad Djabir Syah. The decisions made, among others: (1) national
concept of a federal state was not much anthem and the flag, the conference took a
different from the system of government decision that the national anthem of
which has been long adopted by the many Indonesia Raya was accepted as the
Sultanates of Ternate. In the structure of national anthem; (2) in the field of politics
the sultanate of Ternate (Maloko Kie and state administration, Malino
Raha), each kingdom under his control conference decided unanimously that in
took care of its own home affairs. While the field of the reconstruction of the state
the outside affairs, especially the military administration in the territory of the
and financial affairs, were controled by the former Dutch East Indies formation of a
board of eighteen which consisted of federation which covered the whole
representatives from four kingdoms. They territory of the former Dutch East Indies
were the government representatives and called the United Indonesia States
the military representatives plus other consisting of the parts (states) with areas
delegates. With the recognition and of great power and authority with the
guarantee of van Mook, that the form of power to govern itself as widely as
government of the Republic of the United possible; (3) about the relationship with
Indonesia became the warranty in the Netherlands, Malino Conference
managing the harmonization and ensuring expressed as its belief that it was necessary
the public justice. Therefore, the islands in to carefully define the period of time as
4 | JURNA L I LMU B UDA YA
Vo lu me 4 , N omo r 1 , Ju n i 2 016 , I SSN : 23 5 4-7 2 9 4

may be necessary to conduct cooperation as a strategy to divide the nation of
with the kingdom as intended to give the Indonesia (R. Nalenan, 1981: 83).
opportunity to the United Indonesia State Denpasar Conference on December, 7-
to create organization in the field of the 12 1946: The Establishment of NIT
state administration, economic, social and According to the agreement of Malino
culture, and to obtain the equipments that Conference, the second conference (as it
would give possibilities to the United goes) would be held approximately four
Indonesia States with all the freedom and months in Denpasar. Denpasar (Bali) was
independence to take decisions about the chosen as the venue for the conference
continuation of the relationship between because the place was consedered safe
the Netherlands and Indonesia (Irza Arnita after Margarana war. Denpasar Conference
Djafaar, 2005: 184). was actually as the continuation of the
Thus the Malino conference was the Malino conference to formulate a new
beginning of the foundation of separating government and state structure in the
the Indonesia areas into the independent region of the big east through negotiations
areas as the state part of the federal state initiated by van Mook. Denpasar
and gave the possibility to the Dutch to Conference was embryo of the birth of
control Indonesia. Malino Conference was NIT which was a prototype of the puppet
the stepping stone of the Netherlands to states which were continually formed by
establish the United Indonesia State based the Netherlands (Audrey R. Kahin, 1955:
on the concept offered by van Mook 79).
namely “the federal commonwealth of Before conducting Denpasar
Indonesia”. The Conference held for Conference on December 7 to 24, 1946, on
approximately 8 days the finally closed by November 15th, 1946, the Government of
Van Mook as chairman of the conference the Netherlands, represented by
by asking the participants to give their Schermerhorn and Sutan Syahrir from
approval. He expressed his intention to Indonesia, signed the approval of
establish a state in Java, Sumatra, Borneo Indonesian-Dutch settlement of the
and the Big East. For the establishment of problem called "Linggarjati Agreement"
the Eastern Indonesia State, it would be which contained: (1) the Government of
discussed specifically in Denpasar the Republic of Indonesia and the
conference and would be conducted jointly Netherlands jointly organized the
with the ARC. The goal was that existing establishment of a federal state called the
officers would be used continuously. United Indonesia States (NIS); and (2) NIS
The idea to form a united state (the would cooperate with the Kingdom of the
country consisting of state parts) was Netherlands to establish a united
already planned by van Mook before the Indonesia-Netherlands (Marwati Djoened
independence of the Republic of Indonesia Poesponegoro Nugrogo Natosusanto,
so that it was not surprising if the 2008: 269).
Republican leaders from the nationalist Denpasar Conference took place after
movement were largely against this idea Linggarjati agreement on November 15,
because federalism wanted by van Mook 1946. After the manuscript was approved
was to be led by the Dutch. Therefore, on December 20, 1946, van Mook could
Malino Conference did not get a good freely act establishing the Eastern
reception from the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesia State which was not contrary to
Malino Conference was considered as an the spirit and soul of Linggarjati
attempt to gain the support of the Dutch agreement. The conference participants
representatives in the regions outside Java who were pro-Republic came to support
the establishment of the Eastern Indonesia
5 | JURNA L I LMU B UDA YA
Vo lu me 4 , N omo r 1 , Ju n i 2 016 , I SSN : 23 5 4-7 2 9 4

State because the Linggarjati Agreement government since 1938, in which the
asserted that “the Netherlands government representatives of the Dutch Government
recognized the fact of de facto power of such as the controller and the resident
the Republic of Indonesia government on assistant exercised such a wider power, so
Java, Madura, and Sumatera. While the the king was only a puppet. Iskandar
regions occupied by alliance or the Dutch Djabir Syah expressed his dissatisfaction
army gradually and with joint working about the position and status of the kings
between the two parties would also be who headed the autonomous governments.
included within or into the Republic According to him, the position as the
Region”. Sultan was often ignored; every decision
Denpasar Conference was attended by made must depend on the approval issued
71 representatives from all regions of by the Dutch. It made the position of the
Eastern Indonesia. The number of local Sultan just an ornament or the second
delegates from each region and defined by person, even there were frequent conflicts
van Mook consisted of 55 regional of interest as if there was a dual basis of
delegates, mostly represented by the King local government. It often made the
or the Sultan and 15 delegates from the society confused. Sultan was like a doll
minorities (Chinese and other eastern that could be tweaked by the Dutch; his
foreigners) so that there were 71 position as Sultan was often difficult; his
participants. For Northern Maluku, it was authority as Sultan was often overlooked
represented by Iskandar Djabir Syah in the interest of the Dutch.
(Sultan of Ternate) and Zainal Abidin Therefore, according to Iskandar
Alting (Sultan of Tidore). The conference Djabir Syah, it was necessary to abolish
had the authority based on the decision of the duality in the autonomous regions and
the Malino Conference to draw up new to the king as the head of the autonomous
governance and state administration in the governments was actually given real
area of the Big East through negotiations power and authority. The same view was
and discussions with the representatives of also presented by L. Katoppo (the delegate
the Dutch government. According to Ide from Minahasa), he said that the Eastern
Anak Agung Gde Agung there were Indonesia State consisted of more than
noticeable differences between Malino 75% the autonomous regions and 115
Conference and Denpasar Conference. In autonomous government. The position of
Malino Conference, talks were still general the head of the autonomous governments
and the concerning political, economic, was regulated by the so-called "Korte
social and cultural issues in Indonesia in verklaring" (short statement) and "lange
general. While in the Denpasar kontrakten" (long contract) as the
Conference, the talks were centered on one recognition of the Dutch Government to
core issue, namely the formation of the the special position of the kings who
government structure in the regions of the hereditary ruled an autonomous region (L
Big East where the working paper was .Katoppo, 1972: 78).
already available about the regulation plan In Denpasar Conference, Sultan of
of the establishment of Big East State Ternate, Iskandar Djabir Syah approved
prepared by the General Commissariat for the decision of the federal state, and
Borneo and the Timur Besar (Ide Anak consistently defended it because it was
Agung Gde Agung, 1985:74). similar to the concept and understanding
At the conference, the Sultan of of Maloko Kie Raha that he had practiced
Ternate, Iskandar Djabir Syah, opposed the and believed. According to him, the
autonomous area (swapraja) of sociological-anthropological situation of
government policy conducted by the Dutch Indonesian which was plural was suitable
6 | JURNA L I LMU B UDA YA
Vo lu me 4 , N omo r 1 , Ju n i 2 016 , I SSN : 23 5 4-7 2 9 4

with the plural-federalist concept. In the C. Sultan of Tidore, Zainal Abidin and
conference, van Mook imposed federalism the Rejection of Papua Separation from
idea. It was being done without the co- NIT
operation with the Republic of Indonesia From the beginning, the Dutch
as approved in the Linggarjati agreement. Government through the General
The Eastern Indonesia State was very Governor, van Mook intended to separate
strategic for van Mook in achieving his the West Irian (now Papua) from Indonesia
ambition to create the United Indonesia Republic both in Malino and Denpasar
Republic State which still remained within Conference in 1946. West Irian (Papua)
the Dutch kingdom. was intentionally not included in the
The establishment of the Eastern conference by the Dutch based on the
Indonesia State (NIT), according to Van reason that Papua would be discussed on
Mook, would transformed Easter its own after the establishment of NIT. At
Indonesia into a country that had a strong the conference, Sultan of Tidore, Zainal
vitality, would be able to develop its own Abidin (the 36th sultan) the representative
identity, and would successfully become a of North Maluku was questioned why
valuable part of the Indonesian federation Papua was not integrated into NIT,
that would be realized as desired all whereas in the constitutional structure of
parties. At the end of Denpasar Conference the Dutch East Indies, Papua was the part
on December 24, 1946, it was established of the Timur Besar (Grote Oost).
a new country called Eastern Indonesia At the conference, Zainal Abdin stated
State which was still on the scope of that from the immemorial time, Papua
United Indonesia Republic State (RIS) that region was inseparable part from Tidore
covered the areas of Sulawesi, Small Sultanate, therefore the autonomous
Sunda (Bali and Nusa Tenggara) and the government of Tidore had full right and
Maluku Islands (Ide Anak Agung Gde authorization to Papua. He said that if it
Agung, 1985: 199). was then held on the issue of dispute
Denpasar Conference was selected by settlement of Papua, the right of Tidore
Cokorda Gde Raka Sukawati as the first Sultanate must be recognized. The
Head of Eastern Indonesia State (a former suggestion of Zainal Abidin was supported
member of the Volksraad from PEB party), by E. Katoppo from Minahasa by saying
the Prime Minister was Nadjamoedin that the territory of New Guinea (Papua)
Daeng Malewa who also a Minister of the was the part of the Dutch East Indies since
Economy affairs, and the elected head of the old time, so that the United Indonesia
DPRS, Mr. Tadjoeddin Noer. Only the States covered the whole territory of the
republicans argued that the establishment Dutch East Indies, so the region of Papua
of the Eastern Indonesia State in the should be included in the territory of the
framework of the establishment of the United Indonesia States as the part of the
Republic of Indonesia was only one step in Eastern Indonesia Sate.
the struggling process toward Indonesia In the history aspect, the relation
Republic State in accordance with the between Tidore Sultanate and Papua had
proclamation spirit of 1945. While those existed long before the arrival of
who supported federalism considered that Europeans. According Muridan Widjojo,
the Eastern Indonesia State was the goal economic, social, political and cultural
on the context of the establishment of the relations were not only evidenced by
Federal State Federal which stil remained written sources. Even the folk stories from
under the control of the Dutch kingdom. Maluku (Tidore Chronic and Bacan) and
Papua (Biak Chronic) narrated the
brotherhood bond (1997; 129). So it was
7 | JURNA L I LMU B UDA YA
Vo lu me 4 , N omo r 1 , Ju n i 2 016 , I SSN : 23 5 4-7 2 9 4

not surprising that the bond of brotherhood recognized the establishment of the United
between the two regions existing for the Indonesia States, which consists of from
centuries in the collective memories which the island Sabang to Aru, and as the sons
was intentionally omitted by the Dutch of our nation we will seek the relationship
Colonial by separating Tidore and Papua and help from the government of the
in Denpasar conference on December 7 to United Indonesia States generally and
24, 1946, caused protest from Zainal from the of Eastern Indonesia States
Abidin Alting. specifically, to support us as much as
On that occasion, Zainal Abidin possible so that we can unite in one nation.
insisted to have the opportunity to give an Although the establishment of the United
explanation of his attitude (stern Indonesia States according to Linggarjati
motiuering) “about the exclusion of Papua Agreement, on November 15, 1946,
in the Eastern Indonesia States (NIT)” as excluded Papua, but we always want to
reported by the New State newspaper. keep all our thoughts and energy to unite
Zainal Abidin conveyed his with our national brothers under nation of
disappointment as follows: the United Indonesia States. Our intention
"The Excellency Mr. Major Chairman, comes from our deep, clear and clean
"I am as the head of the Tidore hearts, so that we have a big hope that the
kingdom with much regret not excellency can receive our brotherhood so
be able to approve the results we can stand together to develop one
of the Round Table Conference prosperous Indonesia and gain great
as with the results of my happiness in the future" (Newspaper of
kingdom, although it has been Timoer Indonesia, November 20, 1946).
separated for a while, which is The same rejection came from the
one part is included in the society of Maluku. In a big meeting
United Indonesia States and conducted by Indonesia Youth Association
other part is in the West Irian on November 13, 1946, in Ambon City,
which under the control of the there were about 3000 people had taken
Kingdom of the Netherlands. political resolution, namely: (1) continuing
In the end, I pointed out that in to fight for the ideals of freedom and the
this short description, it can be whole of the Indonesian home lands and
concluded that the Tidore supporting the NIT government based on
kingdom still retains its rights the decision of the Board of Maluku, and
to the Iriant which historically (2) demanding and fighting for Irian to still
part of Tidore kingdom. That is remain in RIS (Newspaper of Menara
all, thank you". Merdeka, 1946).
Rejection of the separation of Papua By the Round Table Conference
from the Eastern Indonesia State was not (Koferensi Meja Bundar/KMB) on August
only expressed by Zainal Abidin at the 23, to November 2, 1949 in Den Haag, the
conference. Outside the parliament, as policies carried out by the Dutch
reported in the Indonesia Timoer Government to separate Papua from the
newspaper, the kings of Papua such as Tidore Sultanate intensively conducted.
king Ahmad-Uswanas (Fak-Fak) and king On March 23, 1949, De Waalas, an advisor
Haji Ibrahim Baoe (Rumbati/Kokas) had to the Dutch East Indies government in
filed a petition to the Excellency the Indonesia to the Kingdom of the
Minister of Home Affairs from the Eastern Netherlands, suggested that Papua could
Indonesia States to merge Papua into the be separated from Tidore through two
Eastern Indonesia States. In the petition options: first, the Dutch press to customary
letter, both kings stated that, "We have chiefs who were under the power of the