Copyright © 1993. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not bereproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair usespermitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/12/2021 5:02 PM via CUNY HUNTER COLLEGE AN: 22949 ; Morris, Benny.; Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956 : Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War Account: s1248153 Page iii Copyright © 1993. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fairuses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. Arab InfiltratioIns, rIsareael'lis R CBLeAtoaRrlEiNdaBDteeiOonrNnn yP,W R MaEnSoaSrdr r∙i sOtshX,eF O 1CR9Do4un9td1o9w5n6 to the Suez War EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/12/2021 5:02 PM via CUNY HUNTER COLLEGE AN: 22949 ; Morris, Benny.; Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956 : Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War Account: s1248153 Page iv Copyright © 1993. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair usespermitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. OOACFKMTaBOP©FApWtCOBDLMIrI1rDI3PhSnsee.nr iaerilrlutuao rSaxxxx 5eBclotbeiroilhBIiidriaaatbaolp ffff1t ltsnxsrrprhelNrcooooC a7uietelltlryriri1aaetiseniiuii anrrrrnc dle a igrooanpshn9rsa9i'p0ddsdsdt o ndiseeh hynsptt uIL c.,v geT t iaLsy7 l bA1o etUUisN1byebCahoBuirho sos .ain— dcAbr uom9MliCen m0 bt feennHikiiMldi r a i trc r,saawgGn riLCyiibai1yUep8 aod8n oakhvvsaatbhno6t lspi9 un2rroee sl neebNreiKcrYnleyt6 5tareeo4irrd7anerr,Tydg eh,ordioa ,6 anB g9ss 8 dgs4nD T Mwveo1nc Cir1e iitKdr ot5rers e 1 ttro1ok9 1hxaae2U9 Byyeaaoiri 0doo9Bw9m4cnms9nrep9 dstdbrn.nn9PPi9se8a gas 6 hn03eipgriacwgN,ti3p3 tlr r n7i r oatCaonaProA 1cD eteero g.Is 9kinusiCga 9adsisasgo n k3a 5tinpMssult4ta oreoine o a.rS6a,,ntoaiir 9nnf nssedksnnSat.la Wegnr cd 9afoOs ogibidfa1ttSl B y nn 4etg oiawa uSrPr9xoiet.cir oa0ifni hclelnafs5nftne Eadt mio5i g sOe loK 6n gadtt bPna,C'rt ahMebn2 :cao xladyq1auipn lifaea —f dAn ros reSu9mbototOsUmya edh slwrti4.lprrPdb rr ceixraenpdDe9Aueccieoh uef baie pdaS2boecusevUib. sia tut 0lrtsilergl i2i,i,nhndp icenn or cnac.9O1fiioe sz e ani,vaUbJr39i lr nxt Wett1etoe Di8nyrcifbr1osw9vooa8 eiaspya5nPe5vnrtri,ir eti s0 ted6Bnr a/oomychDrB6e —i i rntOsnsPad5 ae A,XiosigCyd tnrtn2Irfy a el ns ar ba6e atsrePyuhebsDsanp s re. PMeLyrree el octssfiodpa.a ds r,r Isiu rIro.Genci dsT dtcuo.iuie.oift,cl al nrdeNele f.idooenp,uwrg rsdto stfY goioadorrrneaer dt dkpht h hKeieni icpsn aeurg re'tr pepesror tLmrosiyedesn u voanacfn tlrid ose ysninse ti aenormt cahh,ce ocro orcr r otpdruaraninnvtscramietee iws t stsietthudhod, tuyihnl,e d o a trben ercy mr sfieostin rcotmi fst otmoh rt eho belriy crR eaeinvngicyhee twmss ,eiD saasesnup spea,de rwr tbmmiythie ttnothetue,d t tuhned er EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/12/2021 5:02 PM via CUNY HUNTER COLLEGE AN: 22949 ; Morris, Benny.; Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956 : Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War Account: s1248153 Page v Copyright © 1993. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permissionfrom the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. PTtHloTorlmBeapTDtbhoeoexbufrfhhhrareae soa o crliIt1eiedpsr kketukhstserda p 9aeor ife pshwepoinieagi4ra,ntn stitt sfnaegvoosle8i os,c'yotllti a nre hniitonrpeI onkra hsiocse drgrisnts terohioo toohot ,aafw ras uacmUrinceinet.tryneehsau t l sn ot is'so gersftmthtps idn you f ettdeeGor oseepedrdtees l, hd nAer eil m.thpaca aee astsFSarrlaytla i aleaimopmnilttt .vnneisabt fodoTPhedeoœ aat si,enblanol dso ntyslsua tottweygfft, t vci uarlno a ,ealipetdo rndt arbtihnedrrehlte dtyeats oe,daueree h r t in ,cttrorrviAanec haoea,eiefla oe aiem lcrn vtllAxcltlmha eou,hye Mot aMbednranare mniyhc i tnf tnsicneicthu ledutddaemaisaoaiaacdncd bd vrtrtdlttoltrei hlllehe esietyyaedus senie dp t, ei'uEl E m inLdv ehatstvriahhca eiftaneaeeanstferesdrnwi s entegt ia ht hoS becuatdb fihistatmtasoasd enyh isenitcocvecngno ete dkeofsaiang gnre st ygfmttyalpthlat e heeroym td oe sUouewe ao ed .lir urarp finfnaiehIiesc jnnerrtnfmtio iyo enho1fdioldorlie cbsen9o,ft l(et ,ptrt il bh l4t IirvseIaweaerosayes9cmteoat rrtnir aer aibvocat,ias,nor5 hebo elinemn tdnen6oellemo dimis aag .fsatw s lnhp T AjoadAalstto daeahhnfm ahirrorfr rn eedyeai aaedifeadv s bbtn ecstp rdo eoth t tfsoeorriacaonhlfeinmoenvv eo c,e o'lat fderScenuiasoelef drat iaeotfm, cp sIcic y lyecsfoe oiirtoo ne froc, ixlbnE lfasnnfs twnoaoots a e acthiidocm rarllninseaesittda ftt sshRfn ii lrteoiCdo nsih deWtlroztinenoitseh o anreusst p, baenIee decgeynaost irsscot. eUidrnnin ta ouapoIapv 'edns,cnsnerrre aite roidwsaril t ttastmiotw hntty eu1,eahieni f ndAeai9lcsnrwil t'gc in elsuI4ahKrcilshi tsslyal9 rttIirmy t h,iensb apodh nisrtt g 5neiafuehtagairnh slncr6 eleelbd'pa tiyesogll —riaoetG aih c en bibthamptnuemocArioiraAanoglgerer)rvaatyiroa, n irdtvr isaiiv aettmnslnoept ehbyabrPr r uoddne tabec obhtrisl tosnllrnih iewoeoee utcnwoafgiht .rsyesr i etnndieOaTnllet ,rcte,doode tt s rha cmata rfrac wopne(mt ilntosbofai erideador1inonooabnt art,r9upusn ctoee ti chossd5nfaae r roiiti nyrstid6nvasofinntNs t iro.ntei tpydefgocuchlndroos ey uh moeya. I.vls l oa snineaHaI eo.crrni attrdrnmaEaty smo lrhd cte y.scvwfth beetli,h Iooee ntersetaaeehrun rc grhtmntv cientrr o zsadlo1eiia teineGeb,ner nu9d aI sg,ferdtdn a5asr shsdot,rob ztt6ro feairu)taaamlno.y; h eerta icrga' Ridle sstgonp't ns hi shIaeingner desneroeimcf grdse g1 lbtaoIs fsi he ss9ileoc napreterre4ltfhlosaogmiv l 9tfoeieFmne eoaAI svlnserenisr5 yeee bcwrf rcd4 dlrasfaeraeyweeh,,beue,n s ccacelw acf hdcitiwbrnaru seo oioydo Asirtliinmohf bmotevt1 h frn setcecla r9h i.di1it oanbc5eahe 9rmgtt tls5ee.why4l e ,, ee.8 a s I,r t EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/12/2021 5:02 PM via CUNY HUNTER COLLEGE AN: 22949 ; Morris, Benny.; Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956 : Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War Account: s1248153 Page vi Copyright © 1993. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not bereproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fairuses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. DNptItTpcAatmhhhDanrahomeeeeaopdpFef tnciae leeee tcaeesAriarrnrhgr icsisiltctgacsrshah huectle aeriteo ap hvsa no M vtd r.cilei nr oveoaoeMtes ivesenplan nsuosri dnoue i(d ,mfiso Iad css aeBtDcifr h re stmf cigyrs t sFrvoihah r o utioaAoe feielmgc snifaf rt)aho hb hdst A Mn mt o ,oe ddhm I rdA rbesoiecaadp orao sidbbreaAvllrhdaea o reeiLobei rsllm eiaaif id enaSDs so bcaigmc n hfrs feteiisf osuaodadrfnit ctrrecatenieoae enunhtndc inertm lc ntitritsats'saaeh s ,seAi (w lw ewo hw FmYti rnhhisiAohoahgno eerbiamihrgmnrc ccva.mal h ehayabaiNans t in i kl do nrscleic( eaieeaciaIIvonsab lsD cpeamgeatshlarirtecnoF itsi pteea ttd nhi)aih(rsosl va eponsd ,ecntb el ecdoo ta(ea clhrea abc syltsotesnlnshulh oysr ec,ddemJee n soiIe y sai h hAonewfnbi lieiranfv esgroid lJvtiatstldhsenmiohiahba selrcriir y ruv lsiAei(ityaa n nsPehmcsb)ngagf eate—tlo,luea he ln eppIernid amsn miihsecbyontc tr ay)ce.itar ti nuvdhe lloSthSaiirieededeoaoasee c )v pdsnnmw t l1otiaear , lf9a aoefme,seiE cn4aesv cmAAcgoildd9aefteryue. nhdiraisenapn5n bsdbvobttt6s i ueft Ditoa mod ghriiWnfnyl oehi idg,n m npc tBu oeJ.kaiua ssosaoLri rmettnritrdterteaefmdgay erurslsain,a intleo nranl.td teny (ui'liaOsev cAta,ra t, coePnci Invmoai lre,usehaynd nsiS beia odms lcrailyva,n siil ntarbeccae hiady naalmaeaRel nrdns lUa Besa,to p,l aoo cksNB iea t ooc igmnnotrn t rarrigdu dgteepbeGil r ,ca.LpeseeO opthuaP e e fofdron,rdrob fdifiel a oiuav uisscanecnnno aselvadie etdme Aoree (fss UePnf uiee,rp n tleRmc) Naas r xhfWnse pOa)iatiilld ervcdneid)ee rtteve.daaosssm .Tac r, tc( oa eyNntBdeuoinfr tloimd nGo dyatIAnoh s r aeAAiusricirnren sasaud)crs seteb.ammhiau, lfg Tb itiraum uiehv ihpnolsnnste eeotdnsitgtsamn al b.I ftmio t tsercePehoinor oise eihaae martnmaserasasd tenl s .biidoa B sd cDlyonei iu eraesdfdpeslnlhra af es—oIdreiornsnsGmenl re.yganc acud M n ioeetitrs hmdh lwiiiMiatoeo,e s pn i np n aAnicsoy'anvstthr rearm iatardtsltaiiolebtilacniraan kg uytrboi eyl nalaalne.orgnrc elg idye ny , EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/12/2021 5:02 PM via CUNY HUNTER COLLEGE AN: 22949 ; Morris, Benny.; Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956 : Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War Account: s1248153 Page vii Copyright © 1993. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permissionfrom the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. AItmmIdmtElatIYMaLohhin nlrokaalsa ieceaa csyDcmseswtod h ttehk tPuw ee rtliwtrr lehryrmevoub niiMiii Wktaa,thi bacaei hotselennmleolhhloltn i i wyksgrgauroaltrcytelo ed s nrnsr loistl, R ald sa ehd tkeaecfasIehnmec ie rlo tp dtc saYtsnhhivcwonsen oong aaesQo fcovtglao ktdsi oregliutr,eun edsf h taIIomydZati adoc ssemghc On yntr irtm aoefeIkaeoa r d afDelId e Meie nlfyJta camDys m liloFsf iaicsiteg al r vh,ni sseiiaaupe yrretneonEd dreaissor(otlecr hupt ePreelDtratsihei ha rritceRt ummuz iet.liGetkIs h,cs,eOsda a,aeehatoaetdN enosltt) .lttafse ho ,d z faftI daah mroefoiwlo hirncC eea a rtarcaydteldrhmh lh aphl,mt r ig ie woitresteicw nhrh eOvi e dhrenoitl eceeh aftah azbdfrthmeI stowet oN,iDhye,t—e n dhrRebhe yMt aeF tNr eeroethetuw iLeA a iTalfardaBehopdl esrlpt . utansi e araioo hatotMo bomahdreoffoemfcniolf — fom maidahaICakA c'u,sssce lii iauger ovaaArsnlaaAatenccrn lenlegnpedertshhtd'rrdsestrdlra icii h 'p a eiosavmt IhomDvMu lr rnlfem Cifo si ryZvsof aflt b(aeriiht waFenriNcvicopagooin.tyohii shmubaenAtaPly ui. otil sblliR ri' yond)sssua looo ho .ft,drirpwbn of geacIcwAsa.ee,knn hdheae tNrlwhr.i r—lt eiifsoc scveeelaiIho uhnon visrAotEomseiir mghemtvfta sridse oeIeeeeemsm. ii nr oslfslt rcD iC,hoa aiac a(uataYbeut irCthsnesgarey lneauaYcerdZtrd disizgahdwa ao Ae,i analii rnlnhm e,vcnt eth )fir,r eaoe ,wn etoeeea wrnshswl l cnt,ahtidpptaa hhcioderhut rtfiidoOe in s ouotaeste pii htl pInhrnesle eFeDiies.esaegcann cre ,nIbltF fne ieapl miteadldvun.sbAoeell oenglall addho.Tyesutd. aedvI.w smibli drmm einwtimsc er a b w hoyba olBete,,os oofh fea a ottrr gtenohrldnuhfitit evdihvoebsttthrhee eefnl Ttuaee ekrno,a c rl i mtpIn subatkhysohadcmbeiyresmesc adua cs aeeesBt raoenozsdl eg i mesi uiirnSImemt nvtnno pt Weoa.isorpl nGstt feItoeai a tttttuwtt reushhhAo tr Ohtaieoet iesrfhoin uUn ,cippinv tllhHsg uehdP ou iAtsrso evl,onpe tutbbraenucsoomcurnspa,dcshe ,tdteDyee o,waidc vs prltCtdei ooaehiaoUsue,t g rlf eiJhrloswnnu ayrige.uni v en hrvSIolggde,e ieeo dwhks otrr1mde eesnMasI9h i spashltIt9 yroy otBeinao1es cttteooorrthohiogilafq2t,a' a r saplea.Jhlin n.ohremtlDi khl.iMsrgo oz u aTietrtaelwhnoseyaihsdtaekppc esae tl oims hdrh eatsay.py hmra ttruI cain,oacc e ch,nwnok he shspitnrksi v.eo vro osswIieoguifso f sv woalt ahrtdsmli ssne sodt . ooaytoyouehfl fdlst eg dho ro e EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/12/2021 5:02 PM via CUNY HUNTER COLLEGE AN: 22949 ; Morris, Benny.; Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956 : Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War Account: s1248153 Page ix Copyright © 1993. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted underU.S. or applicable copyright law. CAM123456789111ACBBIn......12...0oioi f b dbaoTTTTRAQ.II..tnnb e esslpgTTShhhhicarxrrrirotsrbwaeeleeaeiahhhaeugd bv yeeeeapBICEosrnili la s rnaihAa,r,GSemooret pdgtitatgsntlsicthhah: eiteotti aad'zyienTserlsntnliag e un hosAAdYN D eid Retfn ano rCreoe eIngaSaac sanftWoid bebei erodfanu s sn, iafG n Sala,na s1tn tidrrtanitlh9davaeo ndSeP5ttr esdNie uos 4oARRsR aelatn,eifhrz eatctyatu esieaiWndrep rlGeidisoan a onrtttgrooehfs , rawae eAy1nts a 9G drPPtra5o doortb1 ehslwI ia nIecI1netf ny Ei9rfPflistni5lo rltada3trwrfat aiotteoetifirorn os tnt,hnh 1e,i en 19F t195oe942 dI49sa1r8ya19 eeW95el56na5r xiii1122223344444x2691702692501233x1v8976307324530929ii EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/12/2021 5:02 PM via CUNY HUNTER COLLEGE AN: 22949 ; Morris, Benny.; Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956 : Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War Account: s1248153 Page x Abbreviations and Glossary ARAMCO ArabianAmerican Oil Company AFSC American Friends Service Committee (Quakers) . w a l AFSCA American Friends Service Committee Archive t h g i yr AHC Arab Higher Committee p o c le ASA Arab Salvation (or Liberation) Army b a c i pl BG or DBG David BenGurion p a r o BGA BenGurion Archive (Sdeh Boqer) . S . U r CGS Chief of general staff (IDF) e d n u d CIGS Chief of Imperial General Staff e t t i rm CO Commanding Officer e p s e CZA Central Zionist Archives (Jerusalem) s u r i a DFPI Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel (series published by f t Israel State Archives) p e c x e DMI IDF Director of Military Intelligence or OC Intelligence , er Department and, later, Branch h s i l ub DMZ Demilitarized Zone p e h t DOA Department of Army (US) m o r f n EIMAC EgyptIsrael Mixed Armistice Commission o i s s mi Fedayeen (Arabic) selfsacrificers or guerrillas r e p ut FLN Front de Libération Nationale (Algeria) o h t i w FM Foreign Ministry (Israel) m r o f y FO Foreign Office (UK) n a n i GSS General Security Service or Sherut HaBitachon HaKlali (Shin d e Bet), Israel's internal security service c u d o r p Haganah (Hebrew: the defence), the mainstream, labouraffiliated e r underground militia of the Yishuv e b t no HHA HaShomer HaTza`ir Archive (Giv`at Haviva, Israel) y a M . IAF Israel Air Force d e v r se ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross e r s ht IDF Israel Defence Forces, the Israeli army g i r ll IDFA Israel Defence Ministry and IDF Archive (Giv`atayim) A . s es IJMAC IsraelJordan Mixed Armistice Commission r P y it ILMAC IsraelLebanon Mixed Armistice Commission s r e v ni ISA Israel State Archives (Jerusalem) U d r o IZL Irgun Zva`i Le`umi (National Military Organization or Irgun), the f x O military wing of the Zionist Revisionist movement . 3 9 9 1 Jewish Agency The 'government' of the Yishuv before 1948 © t gh JNF Jewish National Fund (the landpurchasing and reclamation agency i r of the Zionist movement) y p o C Page xi Kat"am see SDO Kibbutz (Hebrew) Israeli collective settlement KKL Keren Kayemet LeYisrael (Hebrew for JNF) . KMAAZP Kibbutz Me`uhad ArchiveAharon Zisling Papers (Ef`al) w a l ht KMAPA Kibbutz Me`uhad ArchivePalmah Archive (Ef`al) g i r y op LA Labour Archive (Histadrut, Tel Aviv) c e l ab LCA Local Commanders Agreement c i l p ap LHI Lohamei Herut Yisrael (Freedom Fighters of Israel or Stern Gang), r an extreme rightextreme left Jewish terrorist organization in British o . Mandate days S . U er LPA Labour Party Archive (Beit Berl, Israel) d n u ed ma"az (Hebrew: mefaked eizor (area commander)), settlement security t it officer (plural: ma"azim) m r e p s MAC Mixed Armistice Commission, UNchaired armistice supervision e s body u r i a f MAM Minority Affairs Ministry (Israel) t p e c x MK Member of Knesset (Israel's parliament) e , r he moshav (Hebrew) Israeli cooperative agricultural settlement s i l b pu Mossad HaMossad LeModi`in U`Letafkidim Meyuhadim (the institute for he intelligence and special duties), Israel's foreign intelligence service t m o fr muhzak (Hebrew: kept one), stateemployed settlement guard (plural: n muhzakim) o i s s i m NA National Archive (Washington DC) r e p t u Na"hal (Hebrew: no`ar halutzi lohem (pioneering fighting youth)), a corps of o th the IDF whose servicemen carry out both combat and settlement i w duties m r o f y NCO noncommissioned officer n a n i NEA Office of Near Eastern Affairs (US State Department) d e c u od NG National Guard (Jordan) r p e r e OC Officer in Command b t o n PCC United Nations Palestine Conciliation Commission y a M . PMO Prime Minister's Office (Israel) d e v r e s PREM Prime Minister's bureau (London) e r s t h PRO Public Record Office g i r l l RCC Revolutionary Command Council (Egypt) A . s s e RG Record Group r P y t i SDO Special Duties Officer (Katzin LeTafkidim Meyuhadim or Kat"am), s er an IDF Intelligence Department or Branch agentrunner, or controller v i n U d SecState US Secretary of State (in cable traffic) r o f x O SUNMO Senior UN Military Observer . 3 9 9 1 UN United Nations © t h g i r y p o C Page xii Copyright © 1993. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher,except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. UUUUUUUYWiSNNNSNSsOhMNRAETuFSWvCOA UUpEWUfp(UObUUU(cpWHoforerogornnnnnnnoremaaargey oiiiiiiivdcPrrttbtttttpadmMe eeeeeeieeanOrtd,dddddddikerl iuaeahe s f z weNnNNSSNnsSfyseae iit)ttttta acapaatiaa aIhi1ynclttetotsittttiei9iin oeee reohnooio (a4gnss lsPn,U;nnnRle 8 eaasNssMsPfslKe c ul oi n dAaTeR faEtprbda)luiasvcrevremero tygucyeeisilrernnieschtd ved eii)ineeeirniunafevsgs a ecsnSrCea eem e ia sun(annrortu feepdtit crtsehtof pe eyhfuuWdenrors eag v F rIa tsleoiN shlolestyerroheirraeks oncv eae aSsnewg iplr Jci,iA pne iEetUthlwaAgshiaeei,Ne si rrd esntaSe ,htcbtl cuoi y e.e ) fz EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/12/2021 5:02 PM via CUNY HUNTER COLLEGE AN: 22949 ; Morris, Benny.; Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956 : Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War Account: s1248153