Isolation and identification of insecticidal compounds from Tephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae) bark and their insecticidal activity

2011·1.3 MB·

by  You-Zhi, Li

Uae

Isolation and identification of insecticidal compounds:

from

‘ephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae) bark and

their insecticidal activity

Li You-Zhi!

° Li Guun-Lua®, WEL Xigo-Yit,

LIL Zhong-llua’, Xt LLam-Llong*>
21, Rad Reed eo Keen Tides Un oie cd eee

commer

Ry Ler

Abstract; In order to dstemine inscotifdl compounds tom the wehanol cxsets of Tapco purpurea
hbk, tho aetire coupnunds were celated hy activiy-uided fneiuacer. wit column clioactecraphy
and omfed ct om NK Coucleae magnets reaanor? ard WS Lviae apevanmery det. Te

‘hy ahs was panne io devennine Ur stl neti af eas emegunind a Moa or
alate, aul tpl apron vc volte peer oa Tei wach eal aut
Sal as brie of Plato egbmlie en here vem puis ree iv nl ietiil, fny 123
Dydussotcoue. 4 -hedeanrcoacibca:psn, paeavebuirs oceans, Goaelkerycomeat, (--ottod

coratiy, pavsochin, [2-accplipaiaal and 2-bpciexaotnooe, All these conponude cabited
[cutee ety npr the Ata iso lrowe of des Bit th tho Tg eon Beg 12.52
BBO, 3443.4, BRA, AILS, 191-0, 219.8 al 350.0 gelesen eines
Masur, ther vampanls [4"indnge mvikenram, mieten ia 12a tem sew) waked
inset selsly none. 3, yosivr sly ani Une 3 far basa of Pasta ly
soweepening Ly, alice being 9.9.1.9 aa 0.) og /L age A. portnte alu” aed wil he LD
elses Being 49,2, 1971 and 40.9 yuyrindiidusl agaont # pbsvide leas, semestvely. Light

rewn mpariy, ive. 4 hydrszenradeceryan, 2 hpinnprotmone. 6 nethesreoumarin.
pivtprhinne, {1 cued, 12 sete, gongelie wad sham, wee halal rn Fo pet,
Tae te the Tt Tho le tn oe ite a hee at be cas vai ‘atrial
sttvty in fyonane wal only Tar tnletaiing the aetna, ae orang te

sala ol thie plea a bnaoieal cette ee espn ea ce
Key words; Mercia purpurea; inccotoils] eponade: iosctiide.stttics:
Phaeileaelovalos Mur pai

Loder aloe

1 INTRODUCTION

‘At preset. the mmm of lutcet pate
‘imu dependent on chenaeal ineetcides each os
cxganorbuephame eoupernds and tho. semtboic
rrebraids. Toworer, the linet azo af srmbetc
lusresiedes hes cause eurioamental enateauination,
toucity to non-anget organism and resurarnce of
tanga pata (Leman, 2006). Theae problens promos
resunvhars to deeelap near eveinenentaly fren
pesticides.

asm, a mine e ab mane ot:
FERN TE EIS EBS
TATE Gn myer athe, Lal, Mr
(5g UA: Rec 20,01, BRELML ep 31

fh.

Ais well kuna plan sera, ett
playa ingot ie fps oe ate Ban
legen I prs gerne end ule cline le
{Cle 200K}. Ter Tart, sate phylachemic als bese
Tae sed cantina (Ty
(oy SOW, Ee ea, we Farm iT ne the
Ahi ets of Seton bream and died fans
fof Rhododendron smolle to. cantol pene Ching
‘Ulan of af, 20103. Dotanieal with loecetiieal
dtvtes mo the potentil sonece to be utc as
fnrscides (8.2001 Thorne. anos
roman i pestis Keane a sing

FR WERN A oes omy. AmesiRT He Lea AR)
ab MES AAP, Homa
2m Ura eat

pling en Ieper of banal maids, i
fm Deeg inl eli pace sue
Fie fhe canal af lane at inthe inated
raengorneal pape Bee af, 24005 Malla
doe N07 Pav al Hee. 2107

Tydrase penne CHalewnee) i lwp
sil uals sparen. resin lies vedo

Tat some. Tssenii wcsned fn ig gal and

Titolo alsa valves Hise ngs nb ave

He eae rt sin plat (a a HIB
snl Hen, 1984 Kl ata, 2001} ibe Tide
Sees quran He fn cial lye
sweet Ui plat Te fad, soe. pub
ames resaneel sh iy wetbaind salve
twsemned fvestivia seivliew vaginal ysis

fri nerd mle Chi-ab ay HOM, 2011
geting the prion sul iit te
‘Pos ane ger bs Tera
Shattered alae Macon kin
sm peated Meson {Sinan a, 182; Hae
Hsia, TON}, while anther ai in a
rpciction Tealing to mules nadecalen (inl
de, THD

inser

Avrowling It lnar ols, ne

compat ibs samples email
sentinel re thi pa ee
1 2g rtp ae to eats inves sano
fiom Y prepares ‘bark ang in detains tet
inertial etvity Diels Le sei rfl
feolration at ination of Ze plane an Botanical
insertiee

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.4 Pham msterials

‘Tho stm bank of T. purpurea wat cellectll in
Soh Chiou Ageeulmwal Cxiversty, Cangone
pronmee, sembem Cina, ia Apa 2006. ard
lured ly Pokenoe Zheng Yo-Cong fin Guanes
‘houwlemy of Forces. Av autkenioued voucher
spcciazn (No, 200607 ofthis pant ws slepoitd
wt Colloye of DioSifey Sdenve and Tectaolegr,
Tuan Apieutneal Univerets.
2.2 Insoeis

ands lepers laevo weae vowel wcevssinele
fo the lnoenaters it ton percentue yeast
soypcnsian othe fe souroofllewane tho wtb of
Maange of, 120103, Panella extant wel Neos
peviear colonics, wlnob woe vo.cetd fiom
femuiner-qoen cinlilewete ia qlowhouce, were
eared vexspoutively ou eulilowons me thenposte
chumser. (Cuno Acultral University, A. the
teste nso om wnintine 9t 5— OE
8902 RIL with.» 12-hour photoperiod,

2.3 Bioassay

Actividad sag peated te

eterna Me iets tivily fn the pla
cexloed ue ete (Li al Xu, 2007s Ut
ff 20ND). A soln of 28.3 sl ined
ts raga ny SH stl slbvinle CHAS
kati cating ey Rn 4c, wi
pte hain Tenge ain el
Stina cen 24a ose sap sa ee

Unsere by theme le ented as mene

Ue usr of 28,3 wl, ila wer nl S10

DORIS. The natin af ela oo Bain as
U0 ameele Movalige suas rer 24 aor
Us Fr ach valent Uwe mpc: ae
sone

Tel romana ean line wll wretine
a eile a, neem a’ fie ibn
Ccrateaivm emai aelisihy inva
empl pia engi Tt ae ete Ty
the lena sets auided wea. Toil
agnlivni Ug, 20} wan conducted ty
Cetesnine the conart oir of Ue vn
agile Sa las Lene oP.
fey Hine MoT pe Ue nary romani
arrtone ve diye nthe poi wach Tar
Slideaip method {UInang. 2000) was panned to
Altornve. the insert acting of cach sempre
sain Mesias nda
fatal 4 verte ene cated ut steno Fo
see dilations sone ec an the amt
Morag ale yom reve ak 24

slowed, sal

ae ein ile

‘arrow ahr
ar tater
2.4 struction und ilation of compounds
from 7. purpurea hark,

The sired and posted hn of ppm
(2.5 Vg} mam paola loa sve Mh al
Soutinn’y eateacted with weaned (30 L) foe 3d
at tam constant tampaatone (23 — 30%) with
frvarional siring, etd then fitored. Afr the
femactim iy diac svocseeitely hres thas
‘ranenation of he eine fate une ears at
SUC yielded mrthans’"e ornare ¢257.6 11.2%
fora ths di ask

he methane mast 2. per te eae
evan a in: 2 12 of air aid moths
GEL x77 ata speatoly comet ina 1 L gasie
tl th 10 Leone of vas poling staring,
with pertekum cther (PE), ther rihlaameshane
(CUCL, and finaly cyl aevtats (120.40). ‘us
257.8 & ucaunulie exvact yielded pettleum sther-
(22.3 e), CIICL.- (95.0), BDA 90.6 xt
sins 1,D-solnble 1119.2 2) aeldnes

Thise roscoe were sabjecred ty the
a ees a

inertial assy gan! Ue AU ar fare
dens eal Uae CHCl vee lo te

pe ily. Wart 9.10 ge
subjected ty ilies ye Hiroto
100 200 mah) and evted ft 9th ponte
valor wal aa il graent of PRCHIORS (0
TOU taal Fay MeL, be give T4P fect

TOI wach. fia by thin Tape

Plnmalgrary CTL tone 3 = 1h. 45 = 58,
snl 95 = 128 neon oval th Une acon the
intra svtsity welling, aml the aller

Filing scm we diene

Hisctons 3 — 16 were aypod to LC, axd
fone) wth PLAAGOSG OMI: TO, see) gio
rernpannd 556.3 mg). Frarions 45 ~ 46 were
applied to a cliea ao colume {200 ~ 300) mel
sexin, ard eluted sith patolar ether-HOAe
T5856} to gine 97 evhirasone, hore
sublertions eee cadinel an Oe basin ft AS
sults, and than the reednes ane te fa the
Invenda assaye spainet A. abopicser leva
SuMscling 26-= AP. slic ella mastic
secivts, vere fier subjected 0 silica gel
20613041 th} conn, elited th PL-RIO
be 1, x23 piss esmpound M22. mg
fempaund 1:48. mg)

Frseions DS —123 neo appl ta eiton ol
kan (200) ~ 360 soca) apsin, end clited with
EL-Ex0a6 15°65, wr} to ove 116 svbacton,
sae eubatime eae: coined he base of the
"LAD wens. atten he roca woe asd Er the
luseetislal arsaye spsinat al. atopic Leven
SaMfietina b= 19) and sukfactions 21 — 39
cwiubited sascctcdel acti. Subfrasious 1019
iwote faraor subssted to a ellica ge] £20 ~ 306)
tise col. and clutsd with PL-ErOe £10:90,
te sive compounds C {18.8 me) and D
10.4 19g), “The st subfractions 10 ~ 19 were
finge-ead with. seam
ODE-Smammprep, tym. Lal 1-8 um x 150 oom
oka; MeGIFILO 21,
conpouni E94.7 wy), eempooxc P.27.9
nd oomsound 1 (26. tag). Sobtnetions °2
(Lug) ete poucesod again on alice ge
300 mesh colna shrmctegupb weg PE- actone
(85:45, 34) ww gx0 compound © (168.7 wx).
“Tho weet subtevtione 2139, hich caldbited
insecticidal stig were mbjcetd 19 Sepbad LT
20 column chromutomuphy using acctene 10 sv
twngoual © (33.1 ng aut eoogpnnd B 17.6 a)
2.5 Mentificaon of compounds isolated fe
he extracts of T. purpurea bask

“anal SCN were roueeded by sing a

Hraker AVA EMS amt He
IWS noe arc psha woe Thera Fri
NTISXP inden. MLA! ake neve ill
by UY iraition (284 seed 365 tan)
maging ith the mine of onazanel and Sth
C11, 274) fellows beating, Opaieal easton
va reels with 4 PorkacHow 343 yelaincta
Valtirg paint aoe uneoreted ans stemmed om
cw NTHA dial someting point opaat.
2.6 Data states wad naalysts

Ths iusestinla acsvty teste wlth higher than
206 ucetlty im cone weve elacarded and then
repeated. IE the oontrel wustltice raged hetcosn
55 and 208. they ware eomceted wsiog Aboon” =
formala (Tivaog. 2000}. Le, £ medion lethal
coucentuioa} and LD, (aoethau lethal dosage) uf
conpouuds aginst th weted pos were ealelatd
by Prin Anubis {DPS suligure, somion 33
The 855% nunideree wera kee we gree
Teme the? hn oH tn al rere

Wheneser

510 instrument

sayrtion wen vale lant sae
The eure x” Fond I he sigan {22
1.081, a hetero hase wa nea a

‘he vl lation lcm iri

3) RESULTS

3.1. MeentiGestion of compounds

Ganga is colmelees sells eat. "AL
YN S00 Wl. (Cy C0 1-4 GH, 8
OTL J, 142.03 T's, C0 32.86 01, dd. 7
11, 81M 13; .3.fe TL dd, F=1.0
Ue, 12.9 Ue, 13), $.59 5.63 01, wo, 1.

13°} 5.90 C1. 116}. 6.51 HL, d, J
10.0 Hie, 114°3. 7.40 (LU. 1, 77.4 Te Th
4245 02H 1 PA 7T Hy HY, HO
7.98 (2 11, d, S34 Mh, WS" WS}, 12.29
Us PML HOST, IC RM C135 wi
CONS GOI, 8, 2.4 CHES, 29,7 CGH
ALS CEA) TA IY, 811 ED) WTO
6), ALT Ce 1s, 1. (E91, 15.1 (Eas
12.2 02", G6s, 128.4 CHI,
Bh IA (ES G8, 140.9 ¢

15.4 108),
AY ee syrstitogie ds tswson wll Uh
Tia fi He libators £ Salers and Blt

TSS _ Aue ea, 20ND, enue Ais
ier ie a aban
Gongawal Win louslen salle etal. "1

YM SH) Wig (Uy 2A Bg 1-42 C8 Hane =
1) 71.44 TT, 9 AN 2.8 OT,

16.3 Ile, 3.0 ll, S15 2 ai, J 216.3
Te 1.4 Th, 30. 3.8 GO s, “OCT, §
2m Ura eat

5.58 Hyd, J212.7 Ha, 3.0 He, HN SAT
Tied, f210.0 tly Hea, Wy 2, Uh
65, 6.56 (1M a, J=10-0 tb, HED), 737 6

Waid 27.2 Ua, WA}, 7.48 42 1

Fuse (063,

ne Fees),
nas. C02"), 8.4 ECS M2 CCS
10.5 (C3 SH ALS (C1). 160.5 (09,

Je L £053, 188.8 (Go). The

apconoecep dita ig counter wit that etd in the
Iitermtore (Anker et a, 9000), so coupons D
idowied a pongochia
Compound € se white plete crystal. rap: 162

16, Ta = D8 (Coan hemzeas)
cme}, SEEM 192 (100), 149, 19s
BMR (500 Mie, CDCL,), 8-14.97 (3'IL, 2, IE
3°}, 2.95 (LIL dd, 7715.7 Ma, 8.4 De, 2),

ACT, 7-15.61. 9.81, 119), 77
GH. s, OCH), 81 GH. 8, OCH, 13, 84
(Hd S230 Hy, HOD. SIT CT dd

THe H 1%) 60 CT oh, J = 12.7 Hey
JARO He, HG}, 98 CI HOT, Sn
UM a HIT, S28 OTH 1 229,30 He H

2), RAS CIN», HAS 50 CTH, Pets
He HID; 6-77 (1H. s. HLD, 3,83 LIM, dy
JERS HHT, UC SMR E15 Me, C6
BIL G3), 19 OF a6 (O12
6.9 (41 -OWe 66.3 (1261,

29.0 (U2, 148.0
(2), 47a (C8), 199.5 £C
4a) 157.9 (OoTa), 167.3 (C93, 188.9 CC

TEA! My Bs dake iscsi ith “oben” 9 C14
ww) Xu 2,
Frnt wil, at Ved fr Ue Hi 1 aod
in, KY, saul As iad wee
Capen 1 ie elounass nesdle sta
IMME C500 Mitr, GNC). BT. 77 CSI
Cy} 2.95 (I ad, F157 le, 8 ee
PS ad. Fas. 7 The 9.8 Te, IE
FOL N82 GAL, +, OCI), 4.18 C0, Aa
12.4 Th, 116), 4.0 C1 Tad, 7-12.01, 4.0
We, W6}, 691 111, t, 773.2 Me, 1),
4.99 LU & (2, SOF CLIT, «, Téa) $28
ML, a, J 3.4 lie, W's. '3.28 Ca te,
‘ony, 6.44 2 ML. 4}. 6.5901 Td J
8.5 Ue, HIG), 6.93 1M, 2. 1). 7.82. 0,
4,778.5 Tle}! Be NMR C125 MIB, CDCI): &
TRL CCS). 39 UES). 6 Gla) 58.9

sind he spernsropic seie

EM 668 LOWY, TED Cb)
2), OKT (1, UM. & C10), Is
ab), 112.8 (G1), 2. 9°Cnt, 13,
Weg l 1.8 Ce 190.0 2,
DVO TIR EAGT) THAT Sota), 14.9
IST.8 (tetas, WOE LON, WRG CCD). Tle
syesitmecpie sie vonsile ll Hod sl in

the Tieratine (heslartaane et of, TORS),
‘umyourl 1Y i itn ay Dyes
{Gopal Hy soon gases "HWM C004

Wits, CIEL js Bg Heth 3H, s HAY, CHS

208 Held, RHs 2 Hi, Hah),
Bo HL ald, P= 18K Ha 908 Has HD,
3.73 GBH, m -OUH). 3.82 13H, », -OCHS
4.501 Hd, fall 6 He, HAY, LAL CTH,
Paz 4 tb, TS 5.4.59 0 a, Tha, 3.94
C1 HB, SH), 3A O11, ne HE

ene, S28 TM. F290 Mle, 121, a
1M, 5 14s, 888 CM, J 288 Me, Te
TW, 636 CT 2, HTS, TAS EL My Pek

Ia, He1T}, "C NBIE 125 Mlle, C19 3. RAED
C63" LT CGS, $5.9" C0}, 384
[Mor 63.9 206), 6F.8 (C12), $1.9 (C
29, 101.1 (C45, W523 CeO, HB CC}
W925 aL), UB Matas 112, EC) UES.
(0-8), 1301 (CAD, 12.9 (1. HO:
2), MB. (4a) ISH.2 09), 187.7 CC
W6s.u (C9}, TO THe opr
slats i rnsistont ith thet Teel inthe Herat
[ Phmutvorapo gl ta, 2002 ao ncampannd Iie
ies tle a» Tlonrratenne

Gangs celonnae nade crt
LalP = = 265 Cy. CG). SUE La
Vlas (CVy)sCB. Syd 7223, a, Cl
LOGI, 6, 1h), 3% 9m aT 3
Te I N30 3.39 211, w, 115), 4.21
Td. J-10.1 The, 4.0 The, Thay, 5.3)" 3.3
(LOL, m, U-1da}, $46 (11, a. J6.6 Te,

Tle spt

), 5.90 (UIT, dy F-1.0 Tle, -OCIBO-Y, 5.9%
(Utd, f-1.0 ls, -0C41.0-3, 637 CML a
14); 6.4020 1, a E10), 6.87 0, 6. I
De £5 CLL eg TY, $47 Cl, e, iT
MC SMR" DS Mle, (On, 3,c07, ‘a, 18.8
(00). 26.9 (C19) 29,4 (E19, 43.9
Gu} Bl (06). 806 CCl),

COETC-}, HORE (G10, 106 (CAT
(OTTER G (Caw, 120, 6 (621, 133.9
hs, 124.9 (G2), 1B. 3 (C83. LES
Hy US. 3 (G9) 148.9 (9), 156 4 E
We}, 167 CCAny. 186.0 063}. Tho
spavttscopie dato is wonsstnt with hu hte ta tho
Borne Regs Cli et a, 191). 90
compo Fie denis as (-) rd
a FEF se Pmatge S a
Gmpmund (0 x site smaplnue pomen, — Clae TS, the sigan nll yee pnious oe

een TE A. MW how vlad fons lave Tovrea lh G2" 5884.65

CyHgQy a dernivel fou the fae perks ab n?s—ROIST.A?, and GA" Ry 112.3). Ther inn

$860 [Wand 335, MCHLO1] "in the ELMS ard
duce 366. WW WA] iy tho LN-LL-MS. Ie IL ad
CNMI spoot (Table 1) were elzele sella co
those of emoividsenrpin { Pidumino es ai, 2003),
cop the wbsons oF prot aml cath gms or
F'-M, lestosl, the spoctnn elle cranes
imlcsting the presen ofan oxygenated ratslae
BAK HL, f= 18 Ho 21 CTH,

J21B.N Hy) BB. I the HBC: apie

fn oabinstion with th wrlooalar fous sexed
that a hyskossl group st altachod to Gl" n this
coupewad, Tao selnire tercochemisty tous deduesd
to be adenteal wut thet of emoroudocampna foe the
SH SUR onisling comlonl (J—6.8 He} betwen
Hou ce H MTesat the YOFSY spectrin Tale
Vin iw bishy cn NOR jetmoston ie abuerve
letirea Hee anal HEI, hea ie spa
ies ie a tgslinseetmonichasasn

& BATH (50, € 6.285 Mute as

Compal is lindo swale egal pe CDE): Ry HE CGY, HB 623, 146.9
Iso Teas = 8k yg, MES MT 37, 1M. (Cady aK (Cds) Ad TES
WAU CSU UL, COLL}, 1.79 CU, oy Cli 66.6 (U64), 149.5 ¢C-Ta}, M8 C8 1588
O06 1.3.65 CIR 1 Fed 3 We, HO? AS (8) ILO CAND), MOR COT, Hare
6M SFO. 432 AIS CLL We}, Ma) 6. CCAP). B67 ¢Caded, LNG 6
ASS CTH, 4 2213 Hr, Hel2a) 98 5.08 2k 4.3 (625 98.2 1C3'2, SS DOMED,
CATT a, Heed, BAS CITT 9, WAS, Bae CITT, 38.903 OW 8 COM), 190.4 ¢ COO 1. The
B, F2406 He, HeI2), 6.69 21H, 9p HL! 6.37 prtemapie cas fe cnt st Ba idl i th
CRA, Pat. Ra WS, Mestre {Fin nly 19923, sm cmngonra His

4
DLO, dy J 8.4 Le. 7
23H, HO, Me MN E128 He,

dali oe 12-8 eligi

Camo ben agate HNMR Sth
2m Ura eat

lle, CUCL 5, By 57865 Uy 5, OCU, 3.9

GEM, 9, OCHO, BOT ET Hy x, HED,
TU, ad. J 2.1 U2, 0.6 Me, 13"). 6.90 FLU,
2489.7

Sinem a.

sy Mdse PG Sau (128 mMNe, ECL 2 ay 36.5
Cotes, 95.5 (E32, 98.8 ERI, IMLS
A1CU,G-), 105.4 (08, 110. $ (C8, Le

OPT NG. 2 Geta, 119.6005). FL EC
Sy Ag (ems tans COS, 142.4 Cty,
MEF (G24) EK (CAN, BBLG (4-843, 2.9
‘ Piety, 160.7 (G25 Te

Syocuorcopie dala i consent wild that Usted: ts
Thera C Phoaisrsqne a
cou Lie lened se plnnkiive
Chong sd iy plow sve ys ICL = HBX
NOT TSO Whe, GOO S my 7-8 CM, dF
YSU U4), 7.11 (Al, dy J 28.8 the 18S,
650, 6, TRS Hay WT), 646 CTH
SOM ML df 9.8 Ue WES, 411 GM 3,
1 te), PC NMR C128 Wi, Ce 6 14
COPY, NPB Ute} Md 30-81, TPP,
152.1 104), RD CRS, 13 ok! aE
(09), BAT TTIS, BR ECTS. Te
yocuoncopie dal is coasteat rib that Usted te
Theratme (Ria nc oo, 200A, Kana a, 205

m2 jy =

Cyanuda sad Kitsaiie, 2006)
ial Gon sore
BLD Invecteidal aetivity of compounds

Wh Igo Lgals ws a share An Lae
2 Waal on the LC, or Dy valoca, tx potential
Insecticidal conponads against A, adbpiano. ltene
vor armnged i te felling eer fom hgh to ae
achsdhuepterine > 4-tycmonun dome >
_swlyreisty» menos > Garuabxyoounrn > (2)
‘ale > nls > peng lin > T2 a eyeligton >

sanyneone, silk the Ey salaen 9 13.5,
1,25.’ 1, BA, 8A, 11.9, 11
1 230. 8 ns 350. 0 tail, mete

2 compen 1s

Nove
fanny ney Rachgtasodianae rene snl
wwivasawacidiearysy, <abihted inseticdal
sctivity agsiut SC pericar adult and ths 30d laeae
of 7. mycelia, and them iueoetiedal potent
symnat Mo perove alte wae amined ia the
Tel gah Fm igh hay, 2dr
> ratwoue > 4 bydmstaneslocapans wal ir
inertial gules tothe Anl P apbactte Laven

se arg nthe Fallon ona fight ban
Pachilacynierane > 4 dgensgmmnribasgyean >

res int nv a tes tapi,

eed vr leo Phe spl and fhe ale Ms ere
wm ees

CUSSION

1 thie sy. an onsen eumpoidy wil
imental propeny ere Fada
fewn 7 pomparne heh by etsy agi
Fewationation ith gohan ehnsratngrashy, neliding
fe unmurine (Bathroom ard
paubpnbino} und cight freowids Prot, 12a
rkewermmns. 4"hpsascnoridecapin.” (-
cohol alneatin, porgadlin, [2a
unt Zydorrotanoue”. Erecpt rotenune urd 12
Dbrucexyectenane. the other ere feoated fT:
parca bir fo the tit tino

‘Various comprunds { including flavonoids,
temenas, phenolicw andl aleaends} exated io ple
cecrect ara jounly ot indopendnt centsbuted “0
Ieefcacy auch es inecodeia, oricidal, vpellat,
tnd antfoodiog actviien cqainet variocaizsct
specie {man 2000}. Some reeeachars ford
fn the seteusnation ofthe: ditution, eta, ard
rastcal one of Yan emart-derieed chemical
femstinvate with inveciida aettiee (Havel. ed
sed, 2000 Lief al, 200, 2011}. The revue
1 indy faced Daf Tee eo nar

nad Hea

thstornicala, Havaruite ane eatin, wilh
Inweticll property exited jn parpurea bark
Flaca play a fay ei alone ee
snertanisn i plas, hich aly saloviny or
or evan ids font plone ate
Felling Irs presses il ny 9
He grea a iste suns ill iyi

Vervlis a, 37)

secs he apse ale
Masai iv plant delense aad. Istaria
Fang ova vind Hiynses has In evaenal The

nano lets TY vegan bok eile
inertial tly sapien spies oF we
te ibang A. alga Tre, wth UC alee
Ting 97.7

lg

sel the ll ilar lari of &
halle redo (1 oe, 3017)

Te This sled, gh Thanos val ve orn
indepen elit inserts agai
he musi La Thane ite ii
se icky nf the fuck esieaie aya the smn
Tansee sie ta the joint comtibution of these

vie (Table

vegeta

Farlior phowoerival rowateh ncaa tat
sails chang elses, thior,
Macnee, ehalenes, Hascrols aml rte sere

the nun wmutineue 2ecnming i thie put (Siku
sah, 19827, Withme the ore uf Daeomside. 5. 7
orginal ae amet

churmet:ze by the prosinoe of CS pa

‘ems
unit exe

sell Liner, lev my can, tht preatel
Fssaen hae unleagor ® force aubtittins al

coeiaation bade br canes rurale (Sink

fa, TORE). Our expen! inate tal se
ppomlaind Mri pated tien ile are
Sle csnyoeral lesan of He soon

Slit sal clin. Some Uavamtily ene

ina fr TS ugar Tak ie the rt tie,
hich pce supp he baer
pollen

Goan se alba a nan Aare of rales
velit i poe Te lar tao ae abl 80

omation doen in late ated Oe Tit
elle ineeing {Chen 200K} Wil of
earn eli elas pl defen ait

Teter. fg sud vial nen, aa fe with
Tighten Tararter alan esi intckal
artiste Chin. 2008}. thir eds, eo
Conti (Gunehosprommeia aul paclyilisie}
ferhibtad ingot acts CVable 23, anv thee

twechanam of ation deoerees to he fami

reese
laeidaon of eateidal compen in plan
fs the hare to desolop nee hata] insets
(Midian ob od, SUL t= Basis liye
dleadinwtee indica axel Chrmeanhensin
sinesonue as voony resell era
‘Aaadiorhtn daated foun a. indioe aor goat
hinactirity aminet posta, co did votomnids ianated
fan B. spp. and ypwthsin I ivalated fan €.
rieeftsouie (Xa, 2. adalat
rotezane have hecu esplaned an inteodced into the
rwatiet ty cunteal variun apecica of aries otal
st, and pyc Fae a Teed coool ba Bos,
Alevcloped ite series of sor: om ae bane of
stoctro aptinizaion.

According to this emdy. [2a-hedzesiretenene
ani 4'-bpdkextorevaicecsrpas eakibited inscctical
civics paint thee apocins of pects (Table 27
cepecully tw P losella larvae, aad the comes
ponding ID. salne is loeer than that of the
coosentioed” botnie inscetndal computa
roterene, suggesting thet tho iacetcadal setivty of
te t9o compyamds agit P. aplastella lures is
superior ty that ef rescue, P zyeseta s oue of
the west wpuriant invect posts on rae crops
(Moe af., 9008), Ar pce, cis cuutal of
1P. myonells fs becoming les cfleonee becuree any
‘olatione ef tis pest developed revistiaee te sine
fuoescide {Maa ah, 20053, Sotho. no
componncs dercve tobe funter evaded befere they
ae lelopol ints insceioee bp store
tion anal sell used iseaiedal ingen,
2m

Reference

(eg es) SP date.) nd un

Robbe tse Sikora is ae

(tse. hog ZZ. WHR. AOD 22.0, Am we

Reaver ee

RPE:

Thee ting

awl Fee, eh VAT ake R, AT,
hi Rossin embeH i e

TEE, ty 3, ea 2 ge ee»

SURE wes ian ese
has ta ac)

“pei ithe ATS

Pane a

Be ERITREA

Teint ple sue hp Toon

<hr ih kes Casad
"ns Qa

Mace. Deg 18.200. SEI

Sean re byte GH
1% ees a

REGAL PORARA RE MBE

EH BAT Mie! RA
Sie F Lips BRP es 2 a8
2 amet eereeecken, Irsmadchh rniaiRe eee, ke waty
en SARAH ORT. ke, sont
8 HF Ia,

al

aR, AMBER Yoeorone YE RMU TUES, HE ate bane”
SPEER MUM EA SHB ASAE SARS CAL EE oe RAE
tea, EN A ELE CNS MT Mr cocove REAR! Atl he?
hh IG, SAE ELAS Weert ET we TEI ATRIA,
Peo08), U2 FARCL 12 hymen. 1 bpeagomemiecgan, SE FB paleo, A
Famerensh, SL AT UTE Hf Benranseenmair, (clea, svvainy aps, Raver ban Ae 2
ee ee ee ee
11.0, 209.8 F 20. eel, 5 AFL rleemetonepa, AAA 2 ARTE SPIDER AML
OS Hb maha, YT ATANM HEE AGE. 9, 1.9 40. Srwe RUMBLE A
SOE BA, BTR. paeghy PRION IAAL HME, $A 4 ol
pagal. {bell oss yg Muni 1 1 Mg AALS SERIA
REID, MAIER OMSL sr AOR MICA. WAR RLA
fe ae ee Ast
TB ET EIGN RBH TERA he MAT
WRAEE, G6 9 SNE, A GRIN, Cts