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© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at I ISOLATED VERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN THE TROPICS Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium of Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum A. Koenig, Bonn, May 13-17, 1999 Editedby Goetz Rheinwald BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN, Nr. 46 2000 Herausgeber: ZOOLOGISCHES FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT UND MUSEUM KOENIG A. BONN © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN Die Serie wird vom Zoologischen Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig herausgegeben und bringt Originalarbeiten, die für eine Unterbringung in den „Bonner zoologischen Beiträgen" zu lang sind und eine Veröffentlichung als Monographie rechtfertigen. Anfragen bezüglich der Vorlage von Manuskripten sind an die Schriftleitung zu richten; Bestellungen und Tauschangebote bitte an die Bibliothek des Instituts. This series of monographs, published by the Alexander Koenig Research Institute and Museum ofZoology, has been established for original contributions too long for inclu- sion in „Bonnerzoologische Beiträge". Correspondence concerning manuscripts for publication should be addressed to the editor. Purchase orders and requests for exchange please address to the library of the institute. LTnstitut de Recherches Zoologiques et Museum Alexander Koenig a etabli cette serie de monographies pour pouvoir publier des travaux zoologiques trop longs pour etre inclus dans les „Bonner zoologische Beiträge". Toute correspondance concernante des manuscrits pour cette serie doit etre adressee ä l'editeur. Commandes et demandes pour echanges adresser ä la bibliotheque de l'insti- tut, s. v. p. BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN, Nr. 46, 2000 DM Preis 100,- Schriftleitung/Editor: G. Rheinwald Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig Adenauerallee 150-164, D-53113 Bonn, Germany Druck: jf.Carthaus, Bonn ISBN 3-925382-50-X ISSN 0302-671 X © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at ISOLATED VERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN THE TROPICS Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium of Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum A. Koenig, Bonn, May 13-17, 1999 BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN, Nr. 46 2000 Herausgeber: ZOOLOGISCHES FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT UND MUSEUM A. KOENIG BONN © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Eiheitsaufnahme Isolatedvertebratecommunitiesinthetropics : Bonn,May 13-17, 1999/Hrsg.: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum A. Koenig, Bonn. - Bonn : Zoologisches Forschungsinst. undMuseumA. Koenig, 2000 (BonnerzoologischeMonographien Nr. 46) ; (Proceedingsofthe ... international symposiumofZoologisches ForschungsinstitutundMuseumA. Koenig 4) ; ISBN 3-925382-50-X Das Zustandekommen und die Durchführung des Symposium wurde gefördert durch Zuwendungen der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft Deutschen Lufthansa AG Deutschen Telekom und der Stadt Bonn © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at Contents INTRODUCTION Isolated vertebrate communities in the tropics G. Rheinwald 7 NEOTROPICAL REGION Analyzing species composition in fragments B.D. Patterson & W. Atmar 9 Chronology and mode of speciation in the Andean avifauna J. Garcia-Moreno & J. Fjeldsä 25 Biogeography, geographical variation and taxonomy of the Neotropical hummingbird genus Polyerata Heine, 1863 (Aves: Trochilidae) A.-A. Weiler 47 The endemic genus Orestias Valenciennes, 1839 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) of the Chilean Altiplano W. Villwock, U. Sienknecht & A. Lüssen 55 AFROTROPICAL REGION West Africa Diversity ofa snake community in a Guinean rain forest (Reptilia, Serpentes) W. Böhme 69 The distribution of Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Teleostei: Cyprinodonti- formes) on the coastal plains ofWest and Central Africa R. Sonnenberg 79 TheALSCO Cameroonherpetological expedition 1998: the samplingofamountain rainforest H.-W. Herrmann, W. Böhme & P. Herrmann 95 New record of Grauer's Blind Snake Rhinotyphlops graueri (Sternfeld, 1912) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Typhlopidae) in western Uganda J.R. Slapeta, P. Neeas & D. Modry 105 Developmental plasticity andbehavioural adaptations oftwo WestAfrican anurans living in an unpredictable environment (Amphibia, Anura) M. Spieler 109 Central and East Africa Flora and vegetation ofthe afromontane region in Central and East Africa E. Fischer 121 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at Systematics and distribution patterns of Afrotropical Canaries (Serinus-species group, Aves, Passeriformes, Carduelidae) R. van den Elzen 133 Patchy versus continuous distribution patterns in the African rain forest: the problem ofthe Anomaluridae (Mammalia: Rodentia) A.C. Schunke & R. Hutterer 145 Non-insect arthropods (Isopoda, Arachnida and Myriapoda) on the high mountains oftropical Africa P. Beron 153 Two sympatric Lygodactylus-species in coastal areas of Eastern Africa (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) B. Roll 189 Comparative ecology and morphology of snipes (Aves, Scolopacidae) in Africa CM. Gichuki & N.N. Gichuki 199 Review of karyological studies and the problems of systematics of Ethiopian Arvicanthis Lesson, 1842 (Rodentia: Muridae) M.I. Baskevich & L.A. Lavrenchenko 209 Isolation ofbird populations in the North Nandi Forest, western Kenya H. Schifter 217 The mammals of the isolated Harenna forest (southern Ethiopia): structure and history ofthe fauna L.A. Lavrenchenko 223 Ecology ofOtomys barbouri Lawrence & Loveridge, 1953 (Mammalia, Rodentia): an endemic ofthe afro-alpine zone ofMt. Elgon/East Africa V. Clausnitzer 233 The allozymic phylogeny: evidence for coherent adaptive patterns ofspeciation in ethiopian endemic rodents from an isolated montane massif L.A. Lavrenchenko, A.N. Milishnikov & A.A. Warshavsky 245 Primates in Eritrea - distribution and habitat D. Zinner, F. Torkler & F. Peldez 255 Islands east of Africa Effects of fragmentation and assessing minimum viable populations of lemurs in Madagascar J.U. Ganzhorn, St.M. Goodman, J.-B.Ramanamanjato, J. Ralison, D. Rakotondravony & B. Rakotosamimanana 265 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at Priority areas for forest bird and primate conservation in Madagascar - do they match np? F. Hawkins 273 . . . Conservation planning in the Mantady-Zahamena corridor, Madagascar: Rapid Assessment Program (RAP) J. Schmie! ... 285 Fragmentation effects on reptile and amphibian diversity in the littoral forest of south-eastern Madagascar J.B. Ramanamanjato 297 Using fossils and phylogenies to understand evolution of reptile communities on islands E.N. Arnold 309 Bird communities on the Comoro islands M. Louette 325 The reptile fauna ofthe Soqotra archipelago U. Joger 337 ORIENTAL REGION Preliminary chromosomal results of Niviventer Marshall, 1976 (Mammalia, Rodentia, Muridae) from the Dalat plateau in southern Vietnam M.I. Baskevich & G.V. Kuznetsov 351 Mammals ofcoastal islands ofVietnam: zoogeographical and ecological aspects G.V. Kuznetsov 357 PALEARTIC REGION On the herpetofauna ofthe Sultanate ofOman, with comments on the relationship between the Afrotropical and Saharo-Sindian fauna Th. Wilms & F. Hulbert 367 The evolution of Microtia Freudenthal, 1976 (Mammalia, Rodentia), an endemic genus from the neogene ofthe Gargano island, southern Italy V. Millien-Parra 381 ABSTRACTS Arboreal squamates intropicalforests ofVietnam: species richness, naturalhistory and conservation N. Ananjeva & N. Orlov 390 Does frugivore diversity influence seed dispersal and seedling establishment of fruiting plants? B. Bieber & K. Böhning-Gaese 390 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at The Ichthyological Section ofthe ZFMK: Topics ofresearch in biodiversity K. Busse, J. Freyhof, A. Nolte, R. Sonnenberg & I. Steinmann 391 Influence oftree species and habitat structureonthecanopy beetlefaunain Semliki Forest, Uganda M. Cousin & T. Wagner 392 Geckos milk honeydew produced by Cicada in Madagascar M. Fölling & W. Böhme 392 Morphological age-dimorphismanditseco-ethological consequences illustratedfor the White-tailed Hawk (Buteo albicaudatus) A. Gamauf 393 Centers ofendemic terrestrial vertebrates in Colombia: a methodological approach N.A. Guzman Ballesteros 394 Mammalian biogeography of the Japanese Archipelago and rodent communities size structure V. Millien-Parra 394 The real biodiversity is inside D. Modry, J.R. Slapeta, P. Necas & B. Koudela 395 The amphibiaofan isolated archipelago: The Eastern AfricanArc forests, Tanzania A. Schi0tz 396 The Alcolapia species-flock (Teleostei: Cichlidae) of Lakes Natron and Magadi, Kenya and Tanzania: another piece in the puzzle ofcichlid evolution? R. Sonnenberg, L. Seegers & R. Yamamoto 396 Comparative adaptive behaviourofDerby Eland in the zoo oftheWildlife College, Garoua and the Benoue National Park Zoo C. Tangwing-Njoke 397 Phylogeny ofthe anuran genus Mantella from Madagascar M. Vences, F. Glaw, A. Hille & W. Böhme 398 Distribution patterns and specificity of Chrysomelids (Coleoptera) in central African forests T. Wagner 399 Lessons on evolutionary processes from an unwanted experiment in a tropical fish community F. Witte & C.D.N. Barel 399 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at 7 INTRODUCTION Isolated Vertebrate Communities in the Tropics Goetz Rheinwa1d Since 1984, at intervals offive years, the Alexander Koenig Research Institute and Museum of Zoology hosts symposia on zoological problems in the tropics with a focus on Africa. The background has been described in the Proceedings volume of the first symposium (Schuchmann 1985). The firsttwo were organized by sections of the vertebrate department and were entitled "African vertebrates: systematics, phylogeny and evolutionary ecology" (1984) and "International symposium on vertebratebiogeography and systematics in the tropics" (1989). Theentomological departmentwasresponsible forthe third: "International symposiumonbiodiversity and systematics" (1994). All Proceedings volumes are still available (see references). This fourth symposium in 1999 was again under the auspices of the vertebrate department and was entitled: "Isolated Vertebrate Communities in the Tropics". It was mainly organized by Dr. Renate van den Elzen. It was the intention of the scientific staff of the department to focus on the evolutionary aspects that have led to the extreme species diversity and ecological variety so typical ofthe tropical biota. Since isolation is thought to be the main or even the sole precondition for the evolution of diversity, the symposium should focus on this aspect. The second idea was that evolution never takes place in individuals or isolated populations, but always in communities. So we arrived at the title ofthe symposium and ofthis volume. We invited several speakers whose recent publications showed that they are actively working in our field of interest. More speakers were attracted by the provisional agenda, until finally we had from 13 to 17 May 1999 a symposium with 26 lectures and 20 posters. We thank all for their valuable contributions. The topic 'vertebrate communities' was not absolutely adhered to in all contributions. Several papers did not fit into 'communities', but into 'tropical vertebrates'. We had one presentation dealing with non-insect arthropods. Since this paper presents valuable aspects of how isolation works it is also included in this volume. We were pleased to find a speaker who supplied an introduction to phytogeography, undoubtedly the basis for all evolutionary aspects in animals. There are papers that predominantly deal with theoretical aspects, others that provide insight into biodiversity and evolutionary traits, and some that are concerned with the conservation ofthese isolated communities. The contributions are arranged according to their main geographic reference. So we start in South America, and pass over West, Central and East Africa to the islands betweenAfrica andIndia; we havetwocontributions on the Oriental region and close with two on the south of the Palearctis. Those presentations of the symposium not reported in this volume are added, with their abstracts, in alphabetical order ofthe authors at the end ofthis book. It is my conviction that proceedings only make sense when they are published © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at 8 immediately after the symposium. Therefore it was my special concern to bring together all the manuscripts in a very short time. I have to thank most contributors fortheirunderstanding on this point. Even the last ones were kindenoughtoensure that the publication date was not affected. All papers passed one or two reviewers. I am most indebted to N. Arnold - G. Arratia - A. Barker- K. Busse - R. van den Elzen - H. Enghoff- J. Fjeldsä - J. Ganzhorn - J. Haffer - R. Hutterer - I. Ineich - U. Joger - M. Louette - A. Ohler - B. Patterson - G. Peters - K.-L. Schuchmann - H. Winkler, who had consideration for my desire for quick publication; nevertheless they did their job with great accuracy and responsibility, for which I thank them all sincerely. My special thanks belong to Brian Hillcoat, who very carefully went through all those papers that came from non-native English speakers. He contributed much more than only an improvement of the English. In her usual manner, S. Rick helped to solve the many large and small problems that arise with such a project. We have to thank the great number ofnameless volunteers under the guidance of A. Schunke; without their expert assistance such an international event would be impossible. Deutsche Forschungsmeinschaft, Bonn gave financial support in two ways: firstly DFG supplied the largest part of the budgets for the organization of the symposium (GZ 4851/34/99). In addition DFG supported the travel facilities for our East European colleagues (GZ 436 1 14/88/99). We thank DFG very much for this help. AG Deutsche Lufthansa sponsored the flight ofone invited speaker from abroad. Deutsche Telekom contributed gifts in kind for the handling of the symposium. Stadt Bonn gave support to persons from less developed countries. References Peters, G. & R. Hutterer (1990) (eds.): Vertebrates in the tropics. - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Vertebrate Biogeography and Systematics in the Tropics. - Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Institute and Zoological Museum, Bonn. 424 pp. Schuchmann, K.-L. (1985) (ed.): Proceedings oftheInternational Symposium on African Vertebrates: Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolutionary Ecology. - Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig. 585pp. Ulrich, H. (1997) (ed.): Tropical Biodiversity and Systematics. - Proceedings of the International Symposium an Biodiversity and Systematics in Tropical Ecosystems. - Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig. 357 pp.