Isodose Atlas: For Use in Radiotherapy PDF
Preview Isodose Atlas: For Use in Radiotherapy
ISODOS£ ATLAS Series in Radiology VOLUME 5 1. J. Odo Op den Orth, The Standard Biphasic-Contrast Examination of the Stomach and Duodenum: Method, Results and Radiological Atlas. 1979. ISBN 90247 2159 8 2. J. L. Sell ink and R. E. Miller, Radiology of the Small Bowel. Modern Enteroclysis Technique and Atlas. 1981. ISBN 90 247 2460 0 3. J. Skucas and R. E. Miller, Radiology of the Colon: Technique and Atlas (provisional title) 1981. 4. S. Forg.ks, Bones and Joints in Diabetes Mellitus 1981. ISBN 9024723957 Series ISBN 90 247 2427 9 ISODOS£ ATLAS for use in radiotherapy Edited by Gy. Nemeth M.D., C.Sc. (med.) Department of Oncoradiology, Weil Emil Hospital. Budapest H. Kuttig Dr. med. habil. Professor of Radiology University Department of Radiology (Czerny Hospital), Heidelberg 1981 MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS THE HAGUE/BOSTON/LONDON Distributors: for the United States for Hungary, Albania, and Canada Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Kluwer Boston, Inc. German Democratic Republic, 190 Old Derby Street Democratic People's Republic Hingham, MA 02043 of Korea, Mongolia, Poland, USA Roumania, Soviet Union, Democratic Republic of Vietnam, for all other countries and Yugoslavia Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Akademiai Kiad6 Distribution Center P.O.B.24 P.O. Box 322 H-1363 3300 AH Dordrecht Budapest The Netherlands Hungary This volume is liSted in the Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8278-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8276-5 001: 10.1007/978-94-009-8276-5 English translation by K. Takacsi-Nagy Joint edition published by MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS P.O.B. 566, 2501 eN The Hague, The Netherlands and AKAOI:MIAI KIADO P.O.B. 24, H-1363, Budapest, Hungary Copyright © Akademiai Kiad6, Budapest 1981 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1981 All rights reuTVed. No part of this publication mey be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Martinus NijhoH Publishers, P.O. Box 566, 2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands. Contents Preface 7 Breast 89 Breast and chest wall 91 Abbreviations 8 Regional lymph nodes of the breast 100 Skin 9 Gastrointestinal tract and extraintestinal abdominal Head and neck 13 organs 107 Orbit 15 Esophagus 109 Nasal and paranasal sinus 18 Stomach 122 Oral cavity 26 Rectum 126 Tongue 26 Liver 132 Floor of the mouth 28 Gingiva 30 Female genital organs 133 Buccal mucosa 31 Pharynx 33 Uterine cervix 135 Nasopharynx 33 Parametrium 135 Oropharynx 40 Uterine cervix and parametrium 154 Tonsil 40 ·Pelvis 163 Uvula 41 Ovary 168 Base of the tongue 42 Vagina 172 Hypopharynx 42 Vulva 173 Larynx 46 Auditory canal and middle ear 52 Male genital organs 177 Parotid 57 Prostate 179 Thyroid 59 Cervical lymph nodes 62 Urinary tract 183 Kidney 185 Thorax 69 Bladder 194 Lung 71 Mediastinum 81 Paraaortic lymph nodes 219 I Contents 5 Skeletal system 231 Central cranial cavity 246 Sellar region 253 Mandible 233 Posterior cranial cavity 256 Vertebral column 234 Medulloblastoma 259 Femur 238 References 263 Central nervous system 239 Anterior cranial cavity 241 Index of authors 269 I 6 Contents Preface When compiling the present atlas our aim has been to provide the practis ing radiotherapist with a handbook which would help him to plan the radiation therapy of tumours of individual organs. Apart from a few ex ceptions, all isodose charts in this atlas show dose distributions resulting from external irradiation. Combination of external irradiation with intra cavitary radium therapy is presented in the treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix, in which case the two techniques are complementary. Thd immense material of the pertinent literature could, naturally, not have been included in the atlas. As a result of scrupulous selection, the isod-.:se charts shown may not invariably be the optimum ones, and some of them may not be the most modern. However, the usefulness of the information they provide has made us to keep them all the same. We did not intend to change the original charts in any way and stan dardization of the isodoses was not undertaken. Radiation parameters are given in the figure captions and, if available, information has also been provided on the phantoms used by the authors. Naturally, the isodoses presented will not automatically apply to all situ ations and all apparatuses without due attention to the individual patient ::Jnd technical details such as penumbra and source diameter. They merely serve as a starting point and will help to save time and work during treat ment planning also with the computer. It has been another important consideration of ours to provide help for those radiotherapists who have no access to all the modern equipment on the market. An exact reproduction of the techniques is in most cases PQS sible 0,1 the basis of the information provided in the captions, but if this were insufficient, the exhaustive reference list makes it possible to check in the original publication. It is a further aim of the present atlas to stimulate radiotherapists to improve the existing techniques and devise new, more effective ones. The Editors I Preface 7 Abbreviations A anterior CR centre of rotation FAD focus to axis distance FID focus to isocentre distance FSD focus to skin distance HVT half-value thickness L left p posterior R right SAD source to axis distance SSD source to skin distance I 8 Abbreviations Skin Gamma rays n-rays 2.5 MeV electrons from radium strontium gO monoenergetic surface applicator and parallel epidermis -- - 1=--10ri.;n:::.: I - -- --~ subcutaneous 10 255075 100 fatty tissue % 20mm 30mm 10 Fig. 1. Isodose distribution in the skin using different forms of irradiation 226-Ra 90-Sr X-ray (100 kV, HVT 4 mm AI. FSD 20 em) (Wright et al. 1956) 111 Skin
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