Island of Guanyin Mount Putuo and its gazetteers

305 Pages·2016·26.65 MB·English

by  Bingenheimer

Island of Guanyin
Budaluojia guanyin xianshen shengjing 補怛洛迦觀音現神聖境 (c. 1350).
Island of Guanyin
Mount Putuo and Its Gazetteers
Marcus Bingenheimer
1
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Bingenheimer, Marcus, author.
Title: Island of Guanyin : Mount Putuo and its gazetteers / Marcus Bingenheimer.
Description: New York : Oxford University Press, 2016. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015034121 | ISBN 978–0–19–045619–1 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Buddhist temples—China—Putuo Shan Island. | Putuo Shan Island (China)—
Description and travel. | Putuo Shan Island (China)—History.
Classification: LCC BQ6345.P82 B56 2016 | DDC 294.3095124/2—dc23 LC record available at
http://lccn.loc.gov/2015034121
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed by Sheridan, USA
CONTENTS
List of Figures ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
The Site and Its Gazetteers 2
Historical Overview 16
CHAPTER 1 “We Confucians”— Prefaces and Postscripts 29
Exhibit 1: We Confucians 32
Exhibit 2: Buddhist Rhetoric Toward Confucianism 35
Exhibit 3: The Late Ming Revival of Mount Putuo
as Hidden in Prefaces and Postscripts 38
Exhibit 4: Yang Yongjian on Confucianism, Buddhism,
and Death (c. 1698) 50
Conclusion 52
CHAPTER 2 Landscape and Map— Visual Representations
of Mount Putuo 54
Exhibit 1: The Earliest Map of Mount Putuo (c. 1350) 56
Exhibit 2: The Maps in the Hou-T u Gazetteer (1590) 60
Exhibit 3: The “Twelve Views of Putuo” in the Qiu- Zhu
Gazetteer (c. 1705) 66
Conclusion 76
CHAPTER 3 Foundation Legends and Miracle Tales 77
Exhibit 1: Origins 79
Exhibit 2: Apparitions of Guanyin at the Tidal
Sound Cave 83
v
Exhibit 3: The Miraculous Recovery of Mr. Wang 87
Exhibit 4: Zhu Jin “On Apparitions” (c. 1700) 89
Conclusion 93
CHAPTER 4 Elements of Landscape: Stay, Copy, Move,
and Vanish 95
Exhibit 1: Stay— The Tidal Sound Cave 98
Exhibit 2: Copy— Fayu Temple and Brahma Voice Cave 99
Exhibit 3: Move and Vanish— The Sudhana Cave 104
Conclusion 106
CHAPTER 5 People, Biographies 108
Exhibit 1: Zhenxie Qingliao (1088– 1151) as First Abbot of
Mount Putuo 110
Exhibit 2: Huang Dalai (d. 1690) and Lan Li (1649– 1720)
as Patrons of the Early Qing Revival 114
Exhibit 3: Yitang Xinming (1655– 1745) and Bie’an Xingtong
(1661– 1717) as Favored by the Kangxi Emperor 119
Conclusion 125
CHAPTER 6 Inscriptions 127
Exhibit 1: Shi Hao’s Verse Inscription on a Vision
of Guanyin (1148 ce) 131
Exhibit 2: Zhou Yingbin’s Inscription for the “Three Masters
of the Inner Palace” (c. 1607) 134
Exhibit 3: Kangxi’s Inscription “For the Fayu Temple on
Mount Putuo in the Southern Sea” (1704) 138
Exhibit 4: Sun Yat-s en: “An Unexpected Event on
Mount Putuo” (1916) 141
Conclusion 143
CHAPTER 7 The Poetic Landscape of Mount Putuo 145
Exhibit 1: Three Poems by Wu Lai (c. 1324) 148
Exhibit 2: Tu Long’s “Twelve Famous Views
of Mount Putuo” (c. 1589) 150
Exhibit 3: Zhou Yingbin’s Poem for Abbot
Rujiong (1607) 155
Exhibit 4: The Twelve Views in Zhu Defeng’s “The Famous
Sights of Putuo” (1830) 158
Conclusion 164
vi | Contents
CHAPTER 8 Travelers and Pilgrims 166
Exhibit 1: Xu Jing’s “Route Book of the Embassy
sent to Koryō in the Xuanhe Era” (1123) 169
Exhibit 2: Hou Jigao’s “An Account of a Journey
to Mount Putuo” (1588) 171
Exhibit 3: Xiancheng’s “Knowing the Paths
of Pilgrimage” (1826) 181
Conclusion 187
Conclusion 188
Things Learned 188
Things Obscured 189
Conventions and Abbreviations 191
Notes 195
Bibliography 241
Index 261
Contents | vii

FIGURES
2.1 Map of Mount Putuo, c. 1589  61
2.2 Detail Maps of the Tidal Sound Cave (right) and
the Puji Temple, c. 1589  62
2.3 Detail Map of the Fayu (Haichao) Temple, c. 1589  63
2.4 Overview of Mount Putuo  67
2.5 Guanyin arrives on Mount Putuo  69
2.6 Legend of the Sister- in- Law 69
2.7 The Tidal Sound and the Brahma Voice Caves  69
2.8 The Pantuo Stone  69
2.9 The Fahua Cave  72
2.10 The Immortal’s Well  72
2.11 Watching the sun rise from the morning tide  72
2.12 Walking on Thousand- Step Beach  72
2.13 Waves of clouds at Peak Hua  75
2.14 On Guangxi Peak after snowfall  75
2.15 Listening to the bell near Baotuo Pagoda  75
2.16 Watching the moon in the lotus pond  75
6.1 Moya in the calligraphy of Hou Jigao—“ Buddha Land between
Sea and Sky” (haitian foguo 海天佛國)  129
ix