Islamophobia in France: The Construction of the "Muslim Problem" PDF
Preview Islamophobia in France: The Construction of the "Muslim Problem"
Islamophobia in France Series Editors David L. Brunsma David G. Embrick Series Advisory Board Margaret Abraham Elijah Anderson Eduardo Bonila- Silva Philomena Essed James Fenelon Evelyn Nakano Glenn Tanya Golash-B oza David Th eo Goldberg Patricia Hill Collins José Itzigsohn Amanda Lewis Michael Omi Victor Rios Mary Romero Islamophobia in France The Construction of the “Muslim Problem” Abdellali Hajjat and Marwan Mohammed Translated by Steve Garner Th e University of Georgia Press Athens Sociology of Race and English translation © 2023 by the University of Georgia Press Ethnicity web page Athens, Georgia 30602 www .ugapress .org All rights reserved Designed by Kaelin Chappell Broaddus Set in 10.5/13.5 Garamond Premier Pro Regular by Classic City Composition Most University of Georgia Press titles are available from popular e- book vendors. Printed digitally Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Hajjat, Abdellali, author. | Mohammed, Marwan, author. | Garner, Steve, translator. Title: Islamophobia in France : the construction of the “Muslim problem” / Abdellali Hajjat and Marwan Mohammed ; translated by Steve Garner. Other titles: Islamophobie, comment les é lites franç aises fabriquent le problè me musulman. English Description: Athens : Th e University of Georgia Press, 2023. | Series: Sociology of race and ethnicity | Includes bibliographical references. Identifi ers: LCCN 2022034821 | ISBN 9780820363240 (hardback) | ISBN 9780820363257 (paperback) | ISBN 9780820363264 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Islamophobia—France—History. | Islam— Study and teaching—France. | Islam and politics—France. | Muslims—France—Social conditions. | France—Ethnic relations. Classifi cation: LCC DC34.5.M87 H34613 2023 | DDC 305.6/970944—dc23/eng/20220728 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022034821 Originally published in French as Islamophobie: Comment les élites fr ançaises fabriquent le «problème musulman». © Editions La Découverte, Paris, 2013, 2016 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VII INTRODUCTION 1 Part I. Realities of Islamophobia CHAPTER 1. Islamophobia as a Social Ordeal 23 CHAPTER 2. Measuring Islamophobia 31 CHAPTER 3. From Negative Opinions to Discriminatory Acts 41 Part II. A History of the Concept of Islamophobia CHAPTER 4. From Anti- Orientalism to the Runnymede Trust 57 CHAPTER 5. Academic Research 67 Part III. The Construction of the “Muslim Problem” CHAPTER 6. Th e Postcolonial Immigration “Problem” 81 CHAPTER 7. (Lack of) Knowledge about Islam 91 CHAPTER 8. Th e Islamophobic Political Cause 101 CHAPTER 9. Legal Discrimination by a Capillary- Like Process 110 CHAPTER 10. Th e Depoliticization of Violence and the Politics of Compensation 124 Part IV. Compiling an “Anti- Muslim Archive” CHAPTER 11. Construction and Circulations of European Representations of Islam and Muslims 137 CHAPTER 12. Anti- Semitism and Islamophobia 148 Part V. Islamophobia: Denial versus Recognition CHAPTER 13. Th e Denial of Islamophobia 165 CHAPTER 14. Th e Struggle for the Recognition of Islamophobia 198 CHAPTER 15. Lawyers in the Fight against Islamophobia 221 CONCLUSION. Against Islamophobic Hegemony 231 NOTES 243 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Valérie Amiraux, Th omas Deltombe, and AbdoolKarim Vakil for their careful proofreading of all or part of the manuscript and the rel- evance of their comments, as well as Steve Garner who made this translation into English possible. We are also indebted to Zahra Ali, Marielle Debos, Imen El Bakkali, Nawal El Yadari, Alain Gresh, Mohamed Kaf, Paul Pasquali, Patrick Simon, and Dominique Vidal, who provided comments on individual chapters. We are grateful to the speakers and participants of the Islamophobia seminar at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (2011–2014), in which we pre- sented and discussed our hypotheses. Finally, we thank Robin Virgin, Adam and Sheïma Merbouche, Sarah and Abdallah Hacène, Naëla Likovic and the families Aitouchen, Bella, Chakir, El Bakkali, El Bastaki, Mohammed, and Hajjat. Th is book is dedicated to the memory of Ali Hajjat (1938–2021). This page intentionally left blank 349-99188_Rothfels_ch01_3P.indd 6 Islamophobia in France
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