Islamophobia and Radicalization: Breeding Intolerance and Violence

291 Pages·2018·2.625 MB·English

by  John L. Esposito

Islamophobia
and
Radicalization
Breeding Intolerance
and Violence
Edited by John L. Esposito and Derya Iner
Islamophobia and Radicalization
John L. Esposito · Derya Iner
Editors
Islamophobia
and Radicalization
Breeding Intolerance and Violence
Editors
John L. Esposito Derya Iner
The Bridge Initiative Charles Sturt University
Georgetown University Sydney, NSW, Australia
Washington, DC, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-95236-9 ISBN 978-3-319-95237-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95237-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018948173
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C
ontents
1 Introduction: Relationships Between Islamophobia
and Radicalization 1
Derya Iner
Part I Co-existence
2 Islamophobia and Radicalization: Roots, Impact
and Implications 15
John L. Esposito
3 Reacting to Islam: Islamophobia as a Form
of Extremism 35
G. Douglas Pratt
4 Marocanization of Dutch Islamophobia and
Radicalization of Dutch Moroccans 55
Sam Cherribi
v
vi CoNTENTS
Part II Crosspollination
5 Interweaving Islamophobia with Radicalism: Feeding
the Radicals with the Anti-Halal Debate 73
Derya Iner
6 Can Islamophobia in the Media Serve Islamic State
Propaganda? The Australian Case, 2014–2015 97
Nahid Afrose Kabir
7 Muslim Civil Society Under Attack: The European
Foundation for Democracy’s Role in Defaming and
Delegitimizing Muslim Civil Society 117
Farid Hafez
8 Islamophobia in Al-Qa’ida’s and IS’ English-Language
Magazines 139
Julian Droogan and Shane Peattie
Part III Countering Terrorism & Islamophobia
9 Deepening Divides? Implementing Britain’s Prevent
Counterterrorism Program 161
Paul Thomas
10 How Counterterrorism Radicalizes: Exploring the
Nexus Between Counterterrorism and Radicalization 179
Haroro J. Ingram
11 When the ‘Right Thing to Do’ Feels So Wrong:
Australian Muslim Perspectives on ‘Intimates’
Reporting to Authorities About Violent Extremism 203
Michele Grossman
CoNTENTS vii
Part IV Responses
12 Men on a Mission: Engaging with Islamophobia
and Radicalization in Australia 1863–1957 225
Katy Nebhan
13 Islamophobia and Stigmatising Discourses:
A Driving Force for Muslim Active Citizenship? 245
Mario Peucker
14 Tackling the Twin Threats of Islamophobia and
Puritanical Islamist Extremism: Case Study of the
Hizmet Movement 265
ozcan Keles, Ismail Mesut Sezgin and Ihsan Yilmaz
Index 285
n C
otes on ontributors
Sam Cherribi is Senior Lecturer at Emory University in the
Department of (MESA & Economics). Prior to moving to Emory
in 2003, Dr. Cherribi served as a Member of Parliament in The
Netherlands for two consecutive four-year terms (1994–2002).
Cherribi’s most recent book is Fridays of Rage: Aljazeera and the Arab
Spring, published by oxford University Press in 2017 and Les Imams
Marocains Face au Libéralisme. Bouregreg, 2017. His first book, In the
House of War: Dutch Islam Observed was published in paperback in 2013,
and hardback in 2010 by oxford University Press.
Julian Droogan is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Security
Studies and Criminology, Macquarie University. He leads a number of
funded research projects on surveying violent extremist audiences, pro-
moting social resilience and cohesion, and evaluating preventing violent
extremism programs. His research interests include extremist narratives,
terrorism and political violence in the Indo-Pacific, and the history of
terrorism. Julian is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Policing, Intelligence
and Counter Terrorism (Routledge).
John L. Esposito is University Professor and Professor of Religion &
International Affairs and Founding Director of the Alwaleed Center
for Muslim-Christian Understanding and The Bridge Initiative:
Protecting Pluralism—Ending Islamophobia at Georgetown University.
Past President of the American Academy of Religion and Middle East
Studies Association, his more than 60 books include: Shariah Law: What
ix
x NoTES oN CoNTRIBUToRS
Everyone Needs to Know, Who Speaks for Islam?: What a Billion Muslims
Really Think, Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam, The Islamic
Threat: Myth or Reality?, Islam and Democracy after the Arab Spring,
Islamophobia and the Challenge of Pluralism in the twenty-first century.
Michele Grossman is Professor and Research Chair in Diversity and
Community Resilience at the Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship
and Globalisation, Deakin University in Melbourne, Australia, where
she is also convenor of the AVERT (Addressing Violent Extremism and
Radicalisation to Terrorism) Research Network. Her Australian research
on community reporting thresholds has been replicated and extended
in the UK through an Economic and Social Research Council grant
(ESRC-CREST) in 2016–2017. Her publications appear in journals
including Terrorism and Political Violence, Critical Studies on Terrorism,
Behavioural Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression and Journal of
Ethnic and Migration Studies.
Farid Hafez (Political Science, University of Vienna) is currently lec-
turer and researcher at the University of Salzburg, Department of
Political Science and Sociology. He is also Senior Research Scholar
at Georgetown University’s ‘The Bridge Initiative’. In 2017, he was
Fulbright visiting professor at University of California, Berkeley and in
2014, he was visiting scholar at Columbia University, New York. Since
2010, Hafez is the editor of the Islamophobia Studies Yearbook, and since
2015 co-editor of the annual European Islamophobia Report. Hafez is an
award-winning author and has published more than 70 books and arti-
cles, including high ranking academic journals.
Derya Iner is Senior Lecturer and research coordinator at the Centre
for Islamic Studies, Charles Sturt University, teaching and research-
ing subjects on contemporary issues related to Islam, Islamic cul-
tures and Muslims. She completed her Ph.D. in Cultural Studies and
Gender Studies in Wisconsin-Madison (USA). Iner’s research focus
on Islamophobia, especially women and children’s experience with
Islamophobia, Western Muslim Youth and Religious identity, and early
twentieth century ottoman intellectual history. Iner is the chief inves-
tigator and editor of the Islamophobia in Australia 2014–2016 Report,
whose second issue is in progress.
NoTES oN CoNTRIBUToRS xi
Dr. Haroro J. Ingram is a visiting fellow with the Department of
International Relations, Australian National University.
Nahid Afrose Kabir is an Associate Professor in the Department of
English and Humanities at BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nahid
Kabir worked as a Senior Research Fellow at the University of South
Australia, Adelaide (2011–2016), and Research Fellow at the Edith
Cowan University, Perth, Australia (2005–2010). Currently, Nahid Kabir
holds Adjunct Professor positions at Georgetown University, Washington
DC, USA, and Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. She is also an
Adjunct Senior Research Fellow at the University of South Australia.
During 2009–2011, Kabir was a Visiting Fellow at the Center for
Middle Eastern Studies at Harvard University, USA.
Ozcan Keles is a non-practicing Barrister, a Ph.D. candidate in Islam
and human rights at the University of Sussex, the executive editor of the
Journal of Dialogue Studies and the chairperson of the London-based
Dialogue Society. His research interests include the sociology of human
rights and Islam, social movement practice, Islamic activism, British
Islam, the Hizmet movement, violent extremism claiming an Islamic jus-
tification and dialogue studies.
Katy Nebhan is a historian with a particular interest in Australian mas-
culinities and the development of minority communities within a dis-
tinctive Australian culture. She has worked on heritage preservation in
New South Wales and has written on the Afghan cameleers, Australian
Muslim history and popular culture. She is currently working on a
research project at Centre for Islamic Studies and Civilisation, Charles
Sturt University.
Shane Peattie was formerly a research assistant in the Department of
Security Studies and Criminology, Macquarie University. Has a Master
of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism with a Master of
International Security Studies from Macquarie University. His research
has examined Salafi-jihadist narratives and their use in violent extremist
propaganda.
Mario Peucker is as postdoctoral research fellow at Victoria University’s
Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities. He has con-
ducted research and published on active citizenship of ethno- religious
minorities, inclusion-exclusion dynamics and far-right political