Islamic Reform and Arab Nationalism: Expanding the Crescent from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean (1880s-1930s) PDF
Preview Islamic Reform and Arab Nationalism: Expanding the Crescent from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean (1880s-1930s)
ISLAMIC REFORM AND ARAB NATIONALISM BridgingAfricanandArabhistories,thisbookexaminestherelation- shipbetweenIslam,nationalism,andtheevolutionofidentitypolitics from the late nineteenth century to World War Two. It provides a crossnational,crossregionalanalysisofreligiousreform,nationalism, and anticolonialism from Zanzibar to Oman, North Africa, and the Middle East. ThisbookwidensthescopeofmodernArabhistorybyintegrating Omani rule in Zanzibar in the historiography of Arab nationalism andIslamicreform.Itexaminestheintellectualandpoliticaltiesand networks between Zanzibar, Oman, Algeria, Egypt, Istanbul, and theLevantandthewaysthoselinksshapedthepoliticsofidentityof the Omani elite in Zanzibar. Out of these connections emerges an Omani intelligentsia strongly tied to the Arab cultural nahd.a and to movementsofIslamicreform,pan-Islamism,andpan-Arabism. The book examines Zanzibari nationalism, as formulated by the Omani intelligentsia,throughtheprismofthesepan-Islamicconnectionsand in the light of Omani responses to British policies in Zanzibar. The authorshedslightonIbadism–anoverlookedsectofIslam–andits modernintellectualhistoryandtheroleoftheOmanieliteinbridging Ibadism with pan-Islamism and pan-Arabism. Although much has been written about nationalism in the Arab world,thisisthefirstbooktodiscussnationalisminZanzibarinthe widercontextofreligiousreformandnationalismintheArabworld, and the first to offer a new framework of analysis to the study of pan-Islamic and pan-Arab movements and nationalism. Amal N. Ghazal is Assistant Professor of History at Dalhousie University, Canada. CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST Edited by Ian Richard Netton Professor of Islamic Studies, University of Exeter ThisseriesstudiestheMiddleEastthroughthetwinfociofitsdiversecultures andcivilizations.Comprisingoriginalmonographsaswellasscholarlysur- veys,itcoverstopicsinthefieldsofMiddleEasternliterature,archaeology, law, history, philosophy, science, folklore, art, architecture, and language. Whilethereisapluralityofviews,theseriespresentsseriousscholarshipin alucidandstimulatingfashion. PreviouslypublishedbyCurzon THEORIGINSOFISLAMICLAW TheQur’an,theMuwatta’,andMadinanAmal YasinDutton AJEWISHARCHIVEFROMOLDCAIRO ThehistoryofCambridgeUniversity’sGenizahCollection StefanReif THEFORMATIVEPERIODOFTWELVERSHI’ISM HadithasdiscoursebetweenQumandBaghdad AndrewJ.Newman QUR’ANTRANSLATION Discourse,texture,andexegesis HusseinAbdul-Raof CHRISTIANSINAL-ANDALUS711–1000 AnnRosemaryChristys FOLKLOREANDFOLKLIFEINTHEUNITEDARABEMIRATES SayyidHamidHurriez THEFORMATIONOFHANBALISM Pietyintopower NimrodHurvitz ARABICLITERATURE Anoverview PierreCachia STRUCTUREANDMEANINGINMEDIEVALARABIC ANDPERSIANLYRICPOETRY Orientpearls JulieScottMeisami MUSLIMSANDCHRISTIANSINNORMANSICILY Arabic-speakersandtheendofIslam AlexanderMetcalfe MODERNARABHISTORIOGRAPHY Historicaldiscourseandthenation-state YoussefChoueiri THEPHILOSOPHICALPOETICSOFALFARABI,AVICENNA, ANDAVERROES TheAristotelianreception SalimKemal PublishedbyRoutledge THEEPISTEMOLOGYOFIBNKHALDUN ZaidAhmad THEHANBALISCHOOLOFLAWANDIBNTAYMIYYAH Conflictorconcilation AbdulHakimIAl-Matroudi ARABICRHETORIC Apragmaticanalysis HusseinAbdul-Raof ARABREPRESENTATIONSOFTHEOCCIDENT East-westencountersinArabicfiction RasheedEl-Enany GODANDHUMANSINISLAMICTHOUGHT Abdal-Jabba¯r,IbnS¯ına¯,andal-Ghaza¯l¯ı MahaElkaisy-Friemuth ORIGINALISLAM MalikandthemadhhabofMadina YasinDutton AL-GHAZALIANDTHEQUR’AN Onebook,manymeanings MartinWhittingham BIRTHOFTHEPROPHETMUHAMMAD DevotionalpietyinSunniIslam MarionHolmesKatz SPACEANDMUSLIMURBANLIFE AtthelimitsoftheLabyrinthofFez SimonO’Meara ISLAMSCIENCE TheintellectualcareerofNizamal-Dinal-Nizaburi RobertG.Morrison IBN‘ARABΖTIMEANDCOSMOLOGY MohamedHajYousef THESTATUSOFWOMENINISLAMICLAWANDSOCIETY (cid:2) Annotatedtranslationofal-T.a¯hiral-H.adda¯d’sImra’tuna¯ fi‘l-shar¯ı awa (cid:2) ’l-mujtama,withanintroduction RonakHusniandDanielL.Newman ISLAMANDTHEBAHA’IFAITH AcomparativestudyofMuhammad‘Abduhand‘Abdul-Baha‘Abbas OliverScharbrodt COMTEDEGOBINEAUANDORIENTALISM Selectedeasternwritings TranslatedbyDanielO’Donoghue EditedbyGeoffreyNash EARLYISLAMICSPAIN ThehistoryofIbnal-Qu¯.t¯ıya DavidJames GERMANORIENTALISM ThestudyoftheMiddleEastandIslamfrom1800to1945 UrsulaWokoeck MULLA¯ S.ADRA¯ ANDMETAPHYSICS Modulationofbeing SajjadH.Rizvi SCHOOLSOFQUR’ANICEXEGESIS Genesisanddevelopment HusseinAbdul-Raof AL-GHAZALI,AVERROES,ANDTHEINTERPRETATIONOFTHEQUR’AN CommonsenseandphilosophyinIslam AvitalWohlman,translatedbyDavidBurrell EASTERNCHRISTIANITYINTHEMODERNMIDDLEEAST EditedbyAnthonyO’MahonyandEmmaLoosley ISLAMICREFORMANDARABNATIONALISM ExpandingtheCrescentfromtheMediterraneantotheIndianOcean (1880s–1930s) AmalN.Ghazal ISLAMICETHICS DivineCommandTheoryinArabo-Islamicthought Mariamal-Attar ISLAMIC REFORM AND ARAB NATIONALISM Expanding the Crescent from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean (1880s–1930s) Amal N. Ghazal Firstpublished2010 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada byRoutledge 270MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninforma business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. ©2010AmalN.Ghazal Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedor reproducedorutilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical, orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,including photocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageor retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Ghazal,AmalN. IslamicreformandArabnationalismexpandingthecrescentfromthe MediterraneantotheIndianOcean(1880s–1930s)/AmalN.Ghazal p.cm–(CultureandcivilizationintheMiddleEast) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Summary:ThisbookexaminestherelationshipbetweenIslamand nationalismandtheevolutionofidentifypolitics.BridgingAfrican andArabhistories,itprovidesacrossnationalandcrossregional analysisofintellectualmovementsfromZanzibarontheIndian OceanthroughtoOmanandintotheMediterranean. 1.Arabnationalism.2Nationalism–Religiousaspect–Islam. 3.Islamicrenewal.4.Islamandpolitics–Arabcountries. 5.Anti-imperialistmovements–Arabcountries.I.Title DS63.6G4652010 320.540917(cid:2)4927–dc22 2009038188 ISBN 0-203-85529-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN13:978-0-415-77980-7(hbk) ISBN10:0-415-77980-4(hbk) ISBN13:978-0-203-85529-4(ebk) ISBN10:0-203-85529-9(ebk) To all those who have crossed my path and have made this possible … And to Noor, the anchor of my life CONTENTS Acknowledgments x Map xiii ListofAbbreviations xiv 1 ArabsinZanzibar:revisitinghistory 1 2 TheIbadinahd.ainOmanandZanzibar:fromtajdı¯d to anticolonialism 20 3 ZanzibarandMzab:historicallegaciesandcolonialencounters 37 4 Zanzibar:intherealmoftheMashriq 50 5 Na¯s.iral-Bahla¯n¯ı:“Amaninanationandanationinaman” 66 6 IntherealmofSalafiIslam:theIbadidiaspora,theArabicpress, andthemakingofZanzibarinationalism 91 7 Guardingthewat.an:educationandidentityininterwar Zanzibar 109 Conclusion 125 Notes 129 Bibliography 153 Index 166 ix
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