Islamic Mysticism and Abu Talib al-Makki: The Role of the Heart PDF
Preview Islamic Mysticism and Abu Talib al-Makki: The Role of the Heart
ū Islamic Mysticism and Ab Ṭā ī lib al-Makk Bothineverydaylanguageandinreligiousmetaphor,theheartoftenembodiesthe trueselfandisconsideredtobetheseatofemotioninmanycultures.ManyMuslim thinkers have attempted to clarify the nature of Sufism using its metaphorical image,particularlyinthetenthandeleventhcenturies. ThisbookexaminestheworkofAbūṬālibal-Makkīandhiswidersignificance withintheSufitradition,withafocusontheroleoftheheart.Analysinghismost significant work, Qūt al-qulūb (‘The Nourishment of Hearts’), the author goes beyondanexaminationofthethemesofthebooktoexploreitsinfluencenotonlyin thewritingofSufis,butalsoofḤanbalīandJewishscholars. Providing a comprehensive overview of the world of al-Makkī and presenting extracts from his book on religious characteristics of the heart with selected passages in translation for the first time in English, this book will give readers a betterunderstandingnotonlyoftheessentialfeaturesofSufism,butalsothenature ofmysticismanditsrelationtomonotheisticfaiths. Saeko Yazaki (PhD, Edin.) is Lord Kelvin Adam Smith Fellow in Religious Studies at the University of Glasgow, and Research Associate at the Centre of IslamicStudies,UniversityofCambridge.Herresearchfocusesonmysticismand epistemology of religion, the Judaeo-Islamic tradition, and their continuing rele- vancetothepresent.Sheisalsopursuingcomparativestudyofmonotheisticand non-monotheisticfaiths. Routledge Sufi Series GeneralEditor:IanRichardNetton ProfessorofIslamicStudies,UniversityofExeter TheRoutledgeSufiSeriesprovidesshortintroductionstoavarietyoffacetsofthesubject,which areaccessiblebothtothegeneralreaderandthestudentandscholarinthefield.Eachbookwill be either a synthesis of existing knowledge or a distinct contribution to, and extension of, knowledgeoftheparticulartopic.ThetwomajorunderlyingprinciplesoftheSeriesaresound scholarshipandreadability. PREVIOUSLYPUBLISHEDBYCURZON Al-Hallaj SufisandAnti-Sufis HerbertI.W.Mason TheDefence,RethinkingandRejectionof SufismintheModernWorld BeyondFaithandInfidelity ElizabethSirriyeh TheSufiPoetryandTeachingofMahmud Shabistari SufiRitual LeonardLewisohn TheParallelUniverse IanRichardNetton RuzbihanBaqli MysticismandtheRhetoricofSainthoodin DivineLoveinIslamicMysticism PersianSufism TheTeachingsofal-Ghâzalîand CarlW.Ernst al-Dabbâgh BinyaminAbrahamov AbdullahAnsariofHerat AnEarlySufiMaster StrivingforDivineUnion SpiritualExercisesforSuhrawardiSufis A.G.RavanFarhadi Qamar-ulHuda TheConceptofSainthoodinEarly Revelation,IntellectualIntuitionand IslamicMysticism ReasoninthePhilosophyofMullaSadra BerndRadtkeandJohnO’Kane AnAnalysisoftheal-hikmahal-‘arshiyyah ZailanMoris SuhrawardiandtheSchoolof Illumination MehdiAminRazavi PUBLISHEDBYROUTLEDGE 1. MuslimSaintsofSouthAsia PersianSufiPoetry TheEleventhtoFifteenthCenturies AnIntroductiontotheMysticalUseof AnnaSuvorova ClassicalPoems J.T.P.deBruijn 2. APsychologyofEarlySufiSama AzizNasafi ListeningandAlteredStates LloydRidgeon KennethS.Avery 3. SufiVisionaryofOttomanDamascus ‘Abdal-Ghanial-Nabulusi,1941–1731 9. SufisinWesternSociety ElizabethSirriyeh GlobalNetworkingandLocality EditedbyRonGeaves,MarkusDressler 4. EarlyMysticsinTurkishLiterature andGrittKlinkhammer MehmedFuadKoprulu Translated,editedandwithan 10. MoralsandMysticisminPersian IntroductionbyGaryLeiserandRobert Sufism Dankoff AHistoryofSufi-FutuwwatinIran LloydRidgeon 5. IndianSufismSincetheSeventeenth Century 11. SpiritualPurificationinIslam Saints,BooksandEmpiresintheMuslim TheLifeandWorksofal-Muhasibi Deccan GavinPicken NileGreen 12. SufismandSociety 6. SufiCastigator ArrangementsoftheMysticalinthe AhmadKasraviandtheIranianMystical MuslimWorld,1200–1800CE Tradition EditedbyJohnJ.CurryandErik LloydRidgeon S.Ohlander 7. PopularSufisminEasternEurope 13. IslamicMysticismandAbūṬālib SufiBrotherhoodsandtheDialoguewith Al-Makkī Christianityand‘Heterodoxy’ TheRoleoftheHeart H.T.Norris SaekoYazaki 8. TheNaqshbandiyya OrthodoxyandActivisminaWorldwide SufiTradition ItzchakWeismann ū Islamic Mysticism and Ab Ṭā ī lib al-Makk The Role of the Heart Saeko Yazaki Firstpublished2013 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada byRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2013SaekoYazaki TherightofSaekoYazakitobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedbyher inaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedinany formorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented, includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem, withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks, andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Acatalogrecordforthisbookhasbeenrequested ISBN:978-0-415-67110-1(hbk) ISBN:978-0-203-07354-4(ebk) TypesetinTimesNewRoman byIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd,Pondicherry,India Contents Preface ix Notesonpresentation xii Listofabbreviations xiv Introduction 1 EditionsandtranslationsoftheQūt 7 1 AbūṬālibal-Makkī:hislife,intellectualformation andscholarship 12 Thelifeofal-Makkī 12 Theteachersofal-Makkī 19 Worksofal-Makkī 22 2 Qūtal-qulūb:itsreligiouscontext,contentsandsources 29 Theheartasametaphysicalentity 29 Themysticalideaoftheheartintheearlyhistory ofSufism 35 Qūtal-qulūb:righteousconductinthisworldandtrue beliefinGod 38 ThereligiousauthoritiescitedintheQūt 43 3 SummaryofSection30oftheQūtwithcommentaryand selectedpassagesintranslation,part1 46 TheNourishmentofHeartsinRelationtotheBeloved andtheDescriptionofthePathoftheNovicetothe Stationoftawḥīd:thethirtiethsectioninwhichisthe detailedaccountoftheimpulsesexperiencedbythetrue believers,andthecharacteristicoftheheartandits similaritytolightsandjewels[1]–[78] 47 viii Contents 4 SummaryofSection30oftheQūtwithcommentary andselectedpassagesintranslation,part2 66 Thethirtiethsectioninwhichisthedetailedaccount oftheimpulsesexperiencedbythetruebelievers, andthecharacteristicoftheheartanditssimilarity tolightsandjewels[79]–[136] 66 TheideaoftheheartinSection30oftheQūt 81 5 Contemporariesofal-Makkī 85 Al-SarrājandLumaʿfi’l-taṣawwuf:thepseudo andthegenuineSufi 86 Al-Kalābādhīandal-Taʿarrufli-madhhab ahlal-taṣawwuf:misconceptionaboutSufismand thetruepathtoGod 89 6 Theinfluenceofal-Makkī,part1 95 WorksonSufismandreligioussciences 96 Ḥadīthandbiographicalliterature 115 7 Theinfluenceofal-Makkī,part2 126 WorksbyḤanbalīscholars 126 Pre-modernMuslimscholarship:al-Makkī,preacher ofIslamicpiety 140 8 IbnBāqūdāandal-Hidāyailāfarāʾiḍal-qulūb 145 IbnBāqūdā:theJewishecho? 147 Thesignificanceandscholarshipofal-Hidāya 149 Al-Hidāyailāfarāʾiḍal-qulūb:areminderof religiousobligations 152 9 TheQūtandal-Hidāya:aMuslim–Jewishdialogue? 160 Framework 160 Aimsandstructure 161 Approach 164 Thereligiousideaoftheheart 167 DynamicsbetweenJudaismandIslam 171 Conclusion 174 Selectbibliography 177 Index 192 Preface Thesubstanceofthepresentstudyfirstappearedasmydoctoralthesis,‘Astudyof AbūṬālibal-Makkī’,submittedtotheUniversityofEdinburghin2010.Sincethen Ihavereceivedfurtherinspirationandsupportfromanumberofpeople.Frommy lifeinbothJapanandtheUK,therearefartoomanypeopletolistherewhohave generouslyofferedmetheirhelp.Theirgoodwill,withoutwhichmybookwould haveneverappeared,hasoftencaughtmebysurpriseinamostdelightfulway. First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Professor CaroleHillenbrandwhowasunfailinginhercare.Iwouldhavetocomposeanother book to describe the generosity and abundant support which she and my friends offeredmeespeciallywhenmystudywasinterruptedduringmyPhD.Ihavenever forgotten their encouragement, which was unconditionally given when needed. MygratefulthanksarealsoduetoProfessorYasirSuleimanandPaulAndersonfor their constant support, patience and understanding in allowing me time for my research. My time at the Centre of Islamic Studies has been a priceless learning experiencenotonlyformystudybutalsoforlifeingeneral. My doctoral study in Edinburgh was such a wonderful time. I would like to express my great debt of gratitude to all the members of staff and friends in the Islamic andMiddleEasternStudiesattheUniversity ofEdinburgh.Icanfindno wordstoexpressmydeepappreciationforhavinggivenmeasenseofbelonging, when my home country is on the other side of the globe. Reliable support, comradeship and friendship were offered by a number of people at 19 George Square,includingJokhaAlharthi,MarilynBooth,StephenBurge,TonyGorman, Margaret Graves, Rhona Hajcman (née Cullen), Christian Lange, Alex Mallett, Andrew Marsham, Songül Mecit, Golnaz Nanbakhsh, Guy Puzey, Kamran Rastegar, Ayman Shihadeh, Clarissa Sweet, Richard Todd and Ben White. They havegreatlyenrichedmyPhDlifeandbeyond. MyspecialthanksgotovariouspeopleattheSchoolofLiteratures,Languages and Cultures, especially Heather Elliott, Kate Marshall and Sebnem Susam- Sarajeva,andJimMooneyandotherstaffattheOfficeofLifelongLearning,and membersoftheCentrefortheAdvancedStudyoftheArabWorld,ProfessorRobert HillenbrandandJonathanFeatherstoneaboveall.Itwasdelightfultobeacquainted withthemanditismysincerehopethatourpathswillcrossagain.Iwouldalsolike to extend my gratitude to my examiners, Professor Ian Richard Netton and
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