Islamic Imperial Law: Harun-Al-Rashid's Codification Project

768 Pages·2007·24.574 MB·English

by  Benjamin Jokisch

Benjamin Jokisch
Islamic Imperial Law
W
DE
G
Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur
des islamischen Orients
Beihefte zur Zeitschrift „Der Islam"
Herausgegeben von
Lawrence I. Conrad
Neue Folge
Band 19
Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York
Benjamin Jokisch
Islamic Imperial Law
Harun-Al-Rashid's Codification Project
Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York
© Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines
of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability.
ISBN 978-3-11-019048-6
ISSN 1862-1295
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Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche
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© Copyright 2007 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH &c Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin.
All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this
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Printed in Germany
Cover design: Christopher Schneider, Berlin
Foreword
In the course of my preparations for this book I received assistance
from many individuals and institutions to whom I would like to express
my gratitude.
So I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Lawrence Conrad for his counsel and
for sharing his views about the issue of cultural interaction in early
Islam. I am also most grateful to the German Research Foundation
which accepted the research project and granted financial support for
several years. Furthermore I would like to express my thanks to the
staff of some libraries in Hamburg, particularly the State and University
Library and the library of the Asien-Afrika-Institut.
Last, but not least, I wish to acknowledge my deep gratitude to my
family - Sabina, Anuschka and Avi - who supported my work with
great leniency.
Benjamin Jokisch

Contents
Introduction
Parti
The Origins of Islamic Law
I. Preliminaries
Chapter 1: Special Indicators of Reception
1.1. The Emergence of Islamic Legal Literature
1.2. Uniformity of Islamic Law
1.3. The Emergence of Personal Law Schools
1.4. Critical Reactions
1.5. Centralization of Judiciary
1.6. The Emergence of Islamic Humanism
1.7. Wave of Codifications
1.8. Abundance of Comparative Studies
Chapter 2: Circumstances of Reception
2.1. Muslims Involved in the Reception
2.2. Date and Place of the Reception
2.3. Translators
2.4. Commissions
Chapter 3: Comparative Analysis
3.1. Sources
3.2. Structure
3.3. Legal Fields
3.4. Deficiency Law
(a) Preliminaries
(b) Historical Layers and Text Structure
(c) Juristic Aspects: Survey
(d) Casuistry
(e) Terminology
(f) Style
(g) Legal Reasoning
Part II
Islamic Imperial Law
Preliminaries 261
Chapter 4: Ideological Basis 265
Chapter 5: Codification and Dissemination 279
5.1. The Imperial Code: Zähir al-riwäya 279
5.2. Islamic Government and Codification 280
5.3. Binding Force of the Imperial Code 282
5.4. Centralization of the Judiciary 287
5.5. Dissemination of Hanafism 305
Part III
From Imperial to Jurists' Law
Preliminaries 313
Chapter 6: The Byzantine Factor 321
6.1. General Predisposition to Cultural Exchange 322
6.2. Contacts 325
(a) Näfi' b. al-Azraq 338
(b) Jäbir b. Hayyän 347
(c) Ibn Kulläb 357
(d) Photios 364
6.3. Names and Catchwords 386
6.4. Literature 397
(a) Law 397
(b) Grammar 405
(c) Lexicography 413
(d) Prosody 415
(e) Rhetoric 420
(f) Theology 425
(g) Exegesis 430
(h) Hadlth 432
(i) History 433
(j) Romance 436
(k) Adab 437
6.5. Chronology 439
(a) Survey 439
(b) Byzantine-Islamic Intertwinedness 443
Chapter 7: The Origins of Usui al-fiqh 517
7.1. Preliminaries 517
7.2. ShaybänT's C/iö/Work 520
(a) The Term Ufül al-fiqh 521
(b) Bipartition of Usui al-fiqh 522
(c) Rukhsa 524
(d) Mu'ädh-Tradition 526
(e) HadTth Criticism 528
(f) Other Elements 531
7.3. The Shift to Orthodoxy: ShäfiTs Risäla 535
Chapter 8: The Islamic Organon 573
8.1. Preliminaries 573
8.2. The Divine Premise 578
8.3. The Philosophical School 581
8.4. Comparative Analysis: Organon - Usui al-fiqh 588
(a) Isagoge 591
(b) Categories 592
(c) Hermeneutics 598
(d) First and Second Analytics 600
(e) Sophistical Refutations 605
(f) Rhetoric 606
8.5. Scientization of Jurisprudence 611
Conclusion 617
Appendix 1: Cases 627
Appendix 2: Judges 651
Appendix 3: Terms 663
Abbreviations 681
Bibliography 687
Index of Persons 747