Islamic Art and Archaeology of Palestine PDF
Preview Islamic Art and Archaeology of Palestine
ISLAMIC ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN PALESTINE This book is dedicated to my dear Dodik. Islamic Art and Archaeology in Palestine MYRIAM ROSEN-AYALON m Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2006 by Left Coast Press Inc. Published 20 16 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2006 Presses Universitaires de France This is an English translation of Art et archeologie islamiques en Palestine, published in 2002 by Presses Universitaires de France. Translated by E. Singer. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereaf- ter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rosen-Ayalon, Myriam. [Art et archeologie islamiques en Palestine. English] Islamic art and archaeology in Palestine I Myriam Rosen-Ayalon; translated by Esther Singer. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN -13: 978-1-59874·063-9 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN-w: 1-59874·063-6 (hardback: alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-59874·064-6 (pbk.: alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-59874-064-4 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Palestine-Antiquities. 2. Art, Islamic-Palestine. 3· Islamic antiquities-Palestine. 4· Archaeology-Palestine. I. Title. DSm.r.R6713 2oo6 20060!4613 ISBN 13: 978-1-59874-064-6 (pbk) ISBN 13: 978-1-59874-063-9 (hbk) Contents List of Illustrations 7 Preface g Introduction 15 1 * The Pre-Islamic Period and the Beginnings of Islamic Occupation 19 2 «s The Umayyad Period: Identity and Grandeur 25 3 «s The Abbassid, Tulunid, and Fatimid Periods 67 4 <•> :The Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods 93 5 «s The Ottoman Period: An Art Turned Toward Istanbul 129 6 «s The Post-Ottoman Period: Armenian Ceramics 145 Conclusion 149 Appendix 159 Noies 167 Bibliography 181 Glossary 201 Index 205 Akowí ífoe Author 213 This page intentionally left blank List of Illustrations Map i Principal sites 159 Map 2 Location of excavation sites and main monuments 160 Map 3 Location of excavation sites in Tiberias 161 Fig, 1 Inscription from Hammat Gader 27 Fig, 2 The Dome of the Rock, plan and cross section 30 Fig, 3 Al-Aqsa Mosque, plan 34 Fig, 4 Haram al-Sharif 37 Fig, 5 The Umayyad complex in Jerusalem 42 Fig, 6 Khirbat al-Minya, plan 45 Fig, 7 Khirbat al-Mafjar, plan 46 Fig, 8 Khirbat al-Mafjar, interior of the entrance 49 Fig, 9 The Umayyad mosque of Ramla, plan 54 Fig, 10 Mosques in the Negev 60 Fig, 11 The cistern of Ramla 69 Fig, 12 Abu Gosh, plan of the khan 70 Fig, 13 Jerusalem, the Citadel, and M, Broshis excavations 85 Fig, 14 Ramla, the minaret, cross section 102 Fig, 15 The Mamluk Citadel, Jerusalem 115 Fig, 16 Sidna Ali, plan and cross section 124 Fig, 17 The walls of Jerusalem 134 Fig, 18 Plan and ancient monuments in Acre 137 Fig, 19 Samples of epigraphy at different periods 162 Fig, 20 Partial typology of ceramics from Caesarea 163 Fig, 21 Partial typology of ceramics from Hammat Gader 164 Fig, 22 Partial glass typology (Tiberias) 165 Fig. 23 Table of dates 166 Plate 1 The Dome of the Rock 30 Plate 2 Interior of the al- Aqsa Mosque 33 Plate 3 Sculpture from Khirbat al-Mafjar 51 Plate 4 Ramla Cistern 55 Plate 5 Ceramics from Ramla 56 Plate 6 Ramla mosaic 57 Plate 7 Mosaic from Bet Shean 59 Plate 8 Coins from different periods 64 Plate 9 Bronzes from Caesarea 76 Plate 10 Jewelry from Caesarea 77 Plate 11 Bronze from Tiberias 80 Plate 12 Jewelry from Ashkelon 83 Plate 13 Minbar of al-Aqsa 87 Plate 14 Bones from Ashkelon 89 Plate 15 The Minaret of Ramla 103 Plate 16 The Lydda bridge 105 Plate 17 Entrance to the suq al-Qattanin 113 Plate 18 The Citadel of Jerusalem 117 Plate 19 Minbar of qadi Burhan al-din 117 Plate 20 Mihrab of the Tankiziya 120 Plate 21 Safed, mosque al-Jami al-Akhmar 122 Plate 22 Ottoman sabil 133 Plate 23 Damascus Gate 135 Plate 24 Jazzar Pacha mosque 139 Plate 25 The Acre Aqueduct 142 Plate 26 Armenian ceramics in Jerusalem 147 Preface I SLAMIC ARCHAEOLOGY is one of the newest branches in this field and has only recently received official recognition. This applies to the study of Palestine as well as the surrounding areas, and helps explain the care needed when presenting an overview of this subject. The geographical region covered by this book corresponds to the area west of the Jordan River, which does not coincide with any historical political entity. The Islamic art and archaeology that developed in this region cannot be sepa rated from its geographic and cultural context, and, as is the case everywhere, its defining characteristics did not emerge in a vacuum. The difFerent phases of Islamic art resulted from shifts in centers of culture, and these influences had a great impact on Palestine, a true melting pot of political, cultural, and artis tic energies. However strong these influences were, it would be a mistake to downplay local contributions to artistic production. The impact of these two forces—external and local—is what we will follow throughout this volume. This book is designed to be a first step in this field. Its objective is to pres ent, for the first time, an overview of finds from excavations and the main monuments in the region, in order to provide a summary of the subject. The classification used here will, I hope, be a starting point for more in-depth stud ies, both in terms of phenomenological interpretation and for the study of its characteristics. 9
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