Islamic Area Studies with Geographical Information Systems (New Horizons in Islamic Area Studies.)

310 Pages·2004·9.08 MB·English

by  Atsuyuki Okabe

ISLAMIC AREA STUDIES
WITH GEOGRAPHICAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
In this volume the contributors use geographical information systems (GIS) to
reassess both historic and contemporary Asian countries and traditionally Islamic
areas.
Subjects covered include:
● local society in eighteenth-century South India
● the use of GIS to locate abandoned villages
● water supplies and public fountains in Istanbul
● the characterization of Turkish urban street networks
● three-dimensional views in Bursa
● the spatial structure of commercial areas in Isfan
● how to construct spatial databases from historical documents and maps
● estimating land use and the structure of the administrative system in Ponneri,
India.
This highly illustrated and comprehensive work highlights how GIS can be
applied to the social sciences. With its description of how to process, construct,
and manage geographical data the book is ideal for the non-specialist looking for
a new and refreshing way to approach Islamic Area Studies.
OkabeAtsuyuki is Professor at the Center for Spatial Information Science at the
University of Tokyo.
NEW HORIZONS IN ISLAMIC STUDIES
Series Editor: SATO Tsugitaka
The series “New Horizons in Islamic Studies” presents the fruitful results of the
Islamic Area Studies Project conducted in Japan during the years 1997–2001. The
project had planned to do multidisciplinary research on the dynamism of Muslim
societies in both the Islamic and non-Islamic worlds, considering the fact that
areas with close ties to Islam now encompass the whole world. This series pro-
vides the newest knowledge on the subjects of “symbiosis and conflict in Muslim
societies,” “ports, merchants and cross-cultural exchange,” and “democratization
and popular movement in Islam.” The readers will find multifarious, useful
achievements gained through international joint research with high technology of
geographic information systems about Islamic religion and civilization, particularly
emphasizing comparative and historical approaches.
PERSIAN DOCUMENTS
Social history of Iran and Turan in fifteenth–nineteenth centuries
Edited by KONDO Nobuaki
ISLAMIC AREA STUDIES WITH GEOGRAPHICAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Edited by OKABE Atsuyuki
MUSLIM SOCIETIES
Historical and comparative aspects
Edited by SATO Tsugitaka
ISLAMIC AREA STUDIES
WITH GEOGRAPHICAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Edited by Okabe Atsuyuki
First published 2004
by RoutledgeCurzon
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by RoutledgeCurzon
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
RoutledgeCurzon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004.
© 2004 selection and editorial matter Okabe Atsuyuki: individual chapters,
the contributors
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Islamic area studies with geographical information systems/edited by Okabe Atsuyuki.
p. cm.—(New horizons in Islamic studies)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Asia—Geography. 2. Islamic countries—Geography. 3. Geographic information
systems—Asia. 4. Geographic information systems—Islamic countries.
I. Okabe Atsuyuki, 1945– II. New horizons in Islamic area studies.
DS5.92.I75 2004
910(cid:1).917(cid:1)67—dc22 2003015744
ISBN 0-203-40142-5 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-67109-0 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0–415–33250–8(Print Edition)
CONTENTS
List of figures viii
List of tables xiii
List of contributors xv
Preface xx
Acknowledgments xxii
Book overview xxiii
1 Introducing geographical information systems in Islamic
area studies 1
OKABE ATSUYUKI
PART I
Spatial data construction and a method for preliminary
analysis 19
2 Constructing spatial databases from old paper documents 21
MIZUSHIMA TSUKASA
3 Constructing spatial databases from maps: a case in
historical studies 29
SADAHIRO YUKIO
4 An exploratory method for discovering qualitatively
changed areas using low resolution remotely sensed data:
a case in the Persian Gulf area during 1982–93 41
OKABE ATSUYUKI AND MASUYAMA ATSUSHI
5 Estimating land use using high resolution remotely
sensed data (Landsat TM): a case study in Ponneri, India 54
DUAN FENG JUN
v
CONTENTS
PART II
Regional analysis 65
6 Islamic rule and local society in eighteenth-century
South India 67
MIZUSHIMA TSUKASA
7 Modeling the spatial structure of the administrative system
in Ponneri, India, during the late eighteenth century 85
SADAHIRO YUKIO
8 The Ferghana project: Central Asian area studies with GIS 103
KOMATSU HISAO AND GOTO YUTAKA
9 The use of GIS to locate abandoned villages listed in the
Temettuat registers of Balıkesir district, Anatolia 122
EGAWA HIKARI
PART III
Urban analysis 139
10 The spatial structure of commercial areas in Turkey
and other Islamic countries 141
TSURUTA YOSHIKO, ARAI YUJI, JINNAI HIDENOBU,
SHISHIDOKATSUMI,ANDSATOATSUHIKO
11 The water supplies and public fountains of Ottoman
Istanbul 162
YAMASHITA KIMIYO
PART IV
Network analysis with space syntax 185
12 Application of GIS to network analysis: characterization of
traditional Turkish urban street networks 187
ASAMI YASUSHI, KUBAT AYSE SEMA, AND ISTEK CIHANGIR
13 A three-dimensional analysis of the street network in
Istanbul: an extension of space syntax using GIS 207
ASAMI YASUSHI, KUBAT AYSE SEMA, KITAGAWA KENSUKE,
AND IIDA SHINICHI
vi
CONTENTS
14 The space occupied by marketplaces and their societies
in the Islamic world—with particular reference to
Isfahan and Istanbul 221
ISTEK CIHANGIR
PART V
Three-dimensional spatial analysis 241
15 Three-dimensional view analysis using GIS: the locational
tendency of mosques in Bursa, Turkey 243
KITAGAWA KENSUKE, ASAMI YASUSHI, AND DOSTOGLU NESLIHAN
16 An analysis on the visibility of Minarets in Sana1a Old
City of Yemen 253
OIKAWA KIYOAKI
Index 279
vii
FIGURES
1.1 The process of scanning a paper map using a scanner 3
1.2 Decomposition of a map into (a) a point set, (b) a line
segment set, and (c) a polygon set 4
1.3 Digitizing using a cursor tablet 5
1.4 A remotely sensed raster map of (a) the Persian Gulf area,
and (b) a magnified region of the map 6
1.5 Landsat 5 TM satellite images covering (a) Band 3:
0.63–0.69(cid:2)m, and (b) Band 4: 0.76–0.90(cid:2)m 7
1.6 A remotely sensed raster map covered with clouds 7
1.7 Mobile GIS notebooks 7
1.8 A digital map installed in a mobile GIS notebook 8
1.9 An example of (a) points, (b) lines, and (c) polygons 9
1.10 An example representing the topology of the lines and
polygons shown in Table 1.5 10
1.11 The area in which the Beyazit Mosque is within 400m 12
1.12 The area in which the coastline is within 500m 12
1.13 The area in which the Kapali Bazaar is within 200m 13
1.14 An AND operation, A1 AND A2 13
1.15 An OR operation, A1 OR A2 14
1.16 A NOT operation, A1 NOT A2 14
1.17 An XOR operation, A1 XOR A2 15
1.18 An intersection search operation 16
2.1 Settlement Register of one of the Ponneri villages in
1877—a sample 22
2.2 Villages held by the respective poligar castes
(Barnard Report, 1770s) 26
2.3 Villages held by the respective mirasidar castes
(Barnard Report, 1770s) 26
2.4 Villages held by the respective mirasidar castes
(Place Report, 1799) 27
2.5 Caste composition in Ponneri villages
(Barnard Report, 1770s) 27
viii
FIGURES
3.1 GIS data formats. (a) An original map; (b) vector data;
and (c) raster data 31
3.2 Digitization of an aerial photograph. (a) The aerial photograph
and (b) the spatial data 34
3.3 Digitization errors. (a) Original map and (b) data created by
digitization 35
3.4 The data merging process 36
3.5 Identification numbers 37
4.1 The study area (E40–50, N27–37; almost 800(cid:3)800km2) 42
4.2 The NDVI values in the Persian Gulf area defined in Figure 4.1 43
4.3 The monthly NDVI values of a cell located at N36.2, E49.8
over the year 1984 44
4.4 The NDVI trend curves obtained by two different sensors 45
4.5 A peak, a bottom, and a slope 46
4.6 An annual trend curve with (a) one distinctive peak and
two smaller peaks, and (b) an annual trend curve with
three distinct peaks 47
4.7 The global characteristics of an annual trend curve, T, with
respect to level z, (a), (b), and (c) 48
4.8 Overall qualitative similarity between two trend curves 49
4.9 The distribution of peak heights 50
4.10 Three categories of NDVI annual trend curves 50
4.11 Qualitative change (level) in land cover in the Persian Gulf
area between 1983 and 1993 51
4.12 Overall qualitative change in land cover in the Persian Gulf
area between years tand t(cid:4)1, where t(cid:5)1982,…,1983 52
5.1 Spectral features of the data classes on February 14, 1997 56
5.2 Spectral features of the data classes on May 18, 1996 57
5.3 Spectral features of the data classes on August 25, 1997 58
5.4 The types of land cover in Ponneri 59
5.5 The overlay operation 60
5.6 Estimation of land use in Ponneri 61
5.7 Estimation results with overlaid administration boundary map 62
5.8 Comparison between estimation results and local survey data 63
6.1 Location of Ponneri 68
6.2 Spatial distribution of the four types of village (Barnard
Report, 1770s) 69
6.3 The four types of village and social classes (Barnard
Report, 1770s) 69
6.4 Caste composition in Ponneri (Barnard Report, 1770s) 71
6.5 Spatial distribution of the caste composition in Ponneri
(Barnard Report, 1770s) 71
6.6 Caste composition in Ponneri (1871 Census) 72
ix