Islam and Violence in the Modern Era PDF
Preview Islam and Violence in the Modern Era
Islam and Violence in the Modern Era Also by the same author ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM SINCE 1945 (2005) ISLAM AND POLITICS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD (2004) CONTEMPORARY POLITICS IN THE MIDDLE EAST (1999) ISLAMIC POLITICS IN PALESTINE (1996) Islam and Violence in the Modern Era Beverley Milton-Edwards © Beverley Milton-Edwards 2006 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13:978–1–4039–8618–4 ISBN-10:1–4039–8618–5 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Milton-Edwards,Beverley. Islam and violence in the modern era / Beverley Milton-Edwards. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–8618–5 (cloth) 1.Violence – Religious aspects – Islam.2.Political violence – Religious aspects – Islam.3.Islamic fundamentalism.I.Title. BP190.5.V56M55 2005 297.2(cid:2)7—dc22 2005051502 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd,Chippenham and Eastbourne For my beloved sisters Lynne and Trudy This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface ix Introduction 1 1 Religion and Violence: A History of Entanglement 19 Faith and politics: the public–private tension 23 Muslim culprits 25 The realm of violence and power 27 The state-builders 30 The Medinan state 33 Caliphal authority 36 The jihadist debate 40 Monopoly of force 42 Antecedents of Bin Laden? 45 A modern-day Mahdi? 48 2 The West’s Terror of Islam 51 Introduction 51 Clash of academy 53 Perpetual threat 54 The new fear factor 54 Explain the pain 57 Israel is the West? 59 Fear and loathing: insecurity on the margins 63 Legislating to protect against the threat 64 Too much too late 71 The enemy within? 75 New wave terrorism 79 Whither Muslims and the West in the West? 80 3 Islam and Violence 85 Introduction 85 The thread of human history 85 Template for debate 87 Violence within, enemy within 92 More than one dimension 96 Power and authority 97 Violence and struggle 101 Seedbed of discontent 103 State force or violence? 105 vii viii Contents An eye for an eye? 107 Private violence/public violence 111 Muslim states against women? 114 The first clash of civilisations 117 4 Sacred Violence 120 Introduction 120 Sacred sword 123 A multitude of martyrs 124 Sacrifice and suicide 130 The Girardian perspective 135 Martyrdom 136 The Palestinian suiciders 141 Women and conflict 149 The 9/11 Bombers 152 5 Holy Terror: Representations of Violence in a Modern Age 157 Introduction 157 Perception is everything 158 Cradle of Holy Terror 161 Power matrix 164 Warriors of the Prophet 166 New dimensions of terrorism studies? 168 Who’s Islam, which Islam? 173 Terrorism and trials in Egypt 176 Identikit monsters 178 It ain’t what you do it’s the way that you do it… 183 Badshah Guffar Khan: a Muslim Gandhi or Martin Luther King 187 Conclusion 191 Notes 197 Glossary 212 Bibliography 214 Index 221
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