IS 8118: Automotive Vehicles - Opacity (Smoke) of Exhaust Gas from Vehicles Equipped with Compression Ignition Engines Operating Under Free Acceleration - Method of Measurement

2008·0.96 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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IS 8118 (2008): Automotive Vehicles - Opacity (Smoke) of
Exhaust Gas from Vehicles Equipped with Compression
Ignition Engines Operating Under Free Acceleration - Method
of Measurement [TED 2: Automotive Primemovers]
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IS 8118: 2008

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Indian Standard
AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES — OPACITY (SMOKE) OF
EXHUAST GAS FROM VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH
COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES OPERATING
UNDER FREEACCELERATION — METHOD OF
MEASUREMENT
(Third Revision)
ICS 43.060;13.040.050
© BIS2008
B U RE AU 0 F IN D I A N S TAN DAR D S
MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
July 2008 Price Group 2
Automotive PrimemoversTransmission,SteeringSystems and Internal CombustionEngines
SectionalCommittee.TED 2
FOREWORD
This IndianStandard(ThirdRevision)wasadoptedbytbeBureauoflndianStandards,afterthedraftfinalizedby
the Automotive Primemovers Transmission, Steering Systems and Internal Combustion Engines Sectional
Committee had been approved bytbeTransportEngineeringDivision Council.
The increasingemphasisonenvironmenthadnecessitatedtbeGovernmenttobringoutlegislationunder Central
MotorVehicleRules, 1989stating thatthevehicles fittedwitbcompressionignition (diesel) enginesshallcomply
witb tbe limits specified for opacity ofexhaust gas for vehicles. A standardized procedure for checking the'
opacity during free acceleration wasfelt necessary by the committeeand accordingly the presentrevision had
been undertaken.The revision would behelpfulintbeassessmentoftheopacityofexhaustgasforvehicles fitted
with compression ignition engines under free acceleration conditions needed for regulatory, testing and type
approval agencies.
This standard was first published in 1976and wasrevised in 1987and 1998.The third revision oftbisstandard
wastakenuptoalign witbtbeI~testdevelopmentintbefield.Intberevised version 'Measurementprocedurefor
opacitymeasurement' isgivenindetail.
Thecompositionofthe Committeeresponsibleforformulation ofthisstandard isgiven atAnnexA.
Whileformulating this standard, considerableassistance,hasbeenderived fromthe following:
ECR24.03Uniformprovisionsconcerningtbeapprovalofmotorvehiclesequippedwitbcompressionignition
engines with regard tothe emission ofvisible pollutantsby tbe engine
Doc: MoRrHlCMVRlfAP-11511HiIssueNo.2Part2- Standards andtestproceduresformeasurementof
smokelevels byfree acceleration forin-service vehicles fitted with diesel engines
Users ofstandards mayalso refer to CentralMotor VehicleRules, 1989as amended from time-to-time and as
enforced by StatutoryAutbority under tbe Rules.
Inreportingtheresultsofatestoranalysis madeinaccordancewiththisstandard, ifthefinal value,observed or
calculated,istoberoundedoff,itshallbedone inaccordancewithIS2:1960'Rulesforrounding offnumerical
values (revised)'.
IS 8118 ::100s
Indian Standard
AUTOMOTIVEVEHICLES - OPACITY (SMOKE) OF
EXHUAST GAS FROM VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH
COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES OPERATING
UNDER FREE ACCELERATION - METHOD OF
MEASUREMENT
(Third Revision)
1SCOPE 3.3 Installation ofOpacity Meter for Tests'Under
FreeAcceleration
This standardspecifiesthe methodofmeasurementof
opacitylevelsoftheexhaustgasforvehiclesfittedwith 3.3.1 Sampling OpacityMeIer
compression ignition engines underfree acceleration
3.3.1.1The ratio ofcross-sectionalarea oftheprobe
conditions.
tothatoftheexhaustpipe shall not be less than 0.05.
The back pressuremeasuredintheexhaustpipeatthe
:1 REFERENCE
openingoftheprobeshall notexceed75 mm ofwater
The following standard contains provisions, which column.
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
3.3.1.2The probeshallbetubewithanopenendfacing
ofthisstandard.Atthetime ofpublication,theedition
forward inthe axisofexhaustpipeoroftheextension
indicated was valid. All standard are subject to
pipe, ifsuch one is required. It shall be situated in a
revision, aod parties to agreements based on this .
section where the distribution of smoke is
standardareencouragedtoinvestigatethepossibility
approximately uniform. In order to achieve this, the
ofapplying the most recent edition ofthe standard
probeshall beplacedasfardownstreamintheexhaust
indicated below:
pipe as possible or if necessary, in an extension pipe
ISNo. TItle sothat, if D is the diameter of exhaust pipe at the
opening, the end oftheprobe is situatedin a straight
14553:2008 Automotive vehicles - Apparatus portion of at least 6 D in length upstream of the
for the measurement of opacity sampling point and 3 D in length downstream. Ifan
(smoke)ofexhaustgasfromvehicles extensionpipeisused, noair shall be allowedtoentef
equippedwithcompression ignition thejoint.
engines - Specification (first
3.3.1.3The samplingsystemshallbe such thatat all
revision)
engine speeds, the pressure of the sample at the
3TESTPROCEDURE
opacimeter is within the limits specified. This may
3.1 The vehicle when subjected to the following test be verified by noting down the sample pressure at '
shall meet the limits of opacity stipulated by engine idling and maximum no load speeds.
Governmentfor that type ofthe vehicle. Dependingon the characteristics ofthe opacimeter,
controlofsamplepressurecan beachievedbyafixed
3.:1DescriptionofTest
restriction or butterfly valve in the exhaust pipe or
3.:1.1RequirementsofInstrumentation extensionpipe. Irrespectiveofthe methodemployed,
the backpressuremeasuredintheexhaustpipeatthe
3.:1.1.1The opacity meter used for the measurement
openingoftheprobeshallnotexceed75mm ofwater
of smoke shall meet the requirements specified in
column.
IS 14553.
3.3.1.4 The pipes connecting the opacity meter shall
3.2.1.:1The instrument shallbe prepared, used and
alsobeasshortaspossible.The pipeshallbeinclined
maintained as recommended in the instrument
upwards from the sampling point to the opacimetcr
manufacturer's operation manual and it shall also be
and sharp bends where soot is likely to accumulate
serviced and calibrated at such intervals as to ensure
shall be avoided. A by-pass valve may be provided
accuracy.
upstream ofopacimeterto isolate it from the exhaust
IS 8118 :2008
gasflow when no measurementis beingmade. ' on the test bench. The test shall be carried out
immediately after completion of the warming-up
3.3.2 Full Flow Opacity Meters
period.
3.3.2.1 The joints in the connecting pipes. if any,
3.5.3Thecombustionchambershall not be cooledor
betweentheexhaustpipeand the opacimetershall not
fouled by a prolonged period of idling preceding the
permitentry ofoutsideair.
test.
3.3.2.2The pipes connecting the opacity meter shall
3.5.4Theengineoil temperature should be measured'
be as short as possible, as prescribed in the case of
and test should be allowed to proceed only after the
sampling opacity meters. The pipe system shall be
engineoil temperaturereaches 60°C.
inclined upwards from the exhaust pipe to the
opacimeter, and sharp.bends where soot is likely to 3.5.5 Duringeachfree acceleration,maximumnoload
accumulateshall be avoided.A by-passvalve may be speed reached shall be within a band width of± 500
provided upstream of the opacity meter to isolate it rpm of average value in respect of three wheeler
from the exhaust gas flow when no measurement is vehiclesand±3oorpmoftheaveragevalueforallother
beingcarried out. categories of vehicles. The average value of rpm is
calculatedfrom last four readings, out ofsixreadings
3.3.2.3 A cooling system may also be provided
during the initial flushing cycles.
upstreamofthe opacity meter.
3.5.6Withtheengineatidling,theacceleratorcontrol
3.4 PreparationoftheVehicle
shall be operated quickly, but not violently, so as to
3.4.1 The exhaust system shall not have any orifice
obtain maximum delivery from the injection pump.
through which the gases emitted by the engine may This position shall be maintained until maximum
;.getdiluted.
enginespeed isreachedandthegovernorgetsactivated
3.4.2Incaseanenginehasseveralexhaustoutlets.they comesinto action.Assoonasthisspeedisattainedthe
shall be connected to a single outlet in which the acceleratorshall be released until the engineresumes
opacitymeasurementshallbemade. Ifitisnotpossible its idling speed and the opacity meter reverts to.the
tocombineallsuchexhaustoutletsintoone,thesmoke correspondingconditions.
shall bemeasuredineach outletand arithmeticalmean
3.5.7Theoperationspecifiedin3.5.6shallberepeated
ofthe values shall be recorded ateach outlet.Thetest
not less than six times in order to clear the exhaust
shall be taken as valid only, if the highestand lowest
system and to allow for any necessary adjustment of
valuesmeasured do not differby morethan 0.15.
the apparatus. Subsequently, the maximum opacity
3.4.3 The engine shall be in the normal working values obtained in each successive acceleration shall
condition recommended by the manufacturer. At the be taken as the values obtained While, after,each
,timeofmeasurementitshallbeensuredthattheengine acceleration, the engine shall be kept at idling. The
oil shall be atatemperatureof600C,Min. valuesobtainedshallbeconsideredasstabilizedwhen
fourofsuchconsecutivereadingsaresituatedwithina
3.5 MeasurementProcedurefor FreeAcceleration
band width of0.25/m and do not form adecreasing
Test
sequence.The absorptioncoefficientsorecordedshall
3.5.1Thetestshallbecarried outonanengineinstalled be the arithmetical mean ofthese four valid readings.
on a test bench or on a vehicle.
3.5.8Theweb cam photoofthe vehiclenumber-plate
3.5.2 The engine shall first be brought to normal shouldappearin theemissioncertificate.
operatingconditionsduringaroad runordynamicrun

2
IS8118:1008
ANNEXA
(Foreword)
COMMITfEECOMPOSITION
AutomotivePrimemoversTransmission,SteeringSystemsand Internal CombustionEngines
SectionalCommittee,TED 2
Organization Representativets)
Automotive Research Association ofIndia. Pone SHRI M. K. CHOUDHARI (Chairman)
SURI N. V.MARATHE(Alternate)
AshokLeyland Ltd, Hosur SHRI M. N. GAMAL KUMAR
SURf S.K. RAJU (Alternate)
Association of State Road Transport Undertakings. New Delhi SHRI SRIMALI
Automotive Components Manufacturers Association ofIndia. SHRI RAJlv MANDKE
NewDelhi SHRIG. P. BANERJl(Alternate)
Bajaj Auto Ltd, Pune SHRI S.B. RAe
SHRIT.M.BALARAMAN (Alternate)
BharatEarth MoversLtd, Mysore SHRI L. NAMPERUMAL
SHRIR. H. MURAUDHAR(Alternate)
Central Institute of Road'Transport. Pune SHRIA. S.LAKRA
Clutch Auto Ltd, Faridabad SURf S.G•.MAN!
SURf S.C.SHARMA (Alternate)
Controllerate QualityAssurance (HV), Chennai SHRI G.VENKATAKRISHNAN
SHRf C.B. MADANA MANOHARAN (Alternate)
Cummins IndiaLtd, Pune GENERAL MANAGER (TECHNICAL CENTRE)
SHRl S.G. KINARE (Alternate)
DOS & D (Quality Assurance), Ahmedabad SUR' V. K. SRIDHAR
SURf P. M. WANJARI (Alternate)
EicberTractors, New Delhi DR SATYAMURTHY
SURf S.K. SEAM (Alternate)
Greaves (Cotton) Ltd, Pune SURI W. N. KHATAUKAR'
SURfA. S.PATlL(Alternate)
HMTLtd(TractorDivision), Pinjore SHRI OMPRAKASH
SHRIATOL KUMAR (Alternate)
Indian Diesel Engine Manufacturers Association. Agra SHRI R. P. AGARWAL
SHRI RAVIAGARWAL(Alternate)
Indian Institute ofPetroleum, Dehradun DRS.K. SINGHAL
SHRI NISHAN SINGH (Alternate)
Indian Institute ofTechnology (lIT), New Delhi DIREClOR
Kinetic Engineering Ltd.Pone SURf R. V.GOVIND
Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd, Pune SURI C. G. RANADE
Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd, Nasik DR MATHEWABRAHAM
SHRI S. RAMAMUKfHY (Alternate)
MarutiUdyogLtd,Gt!t8aon SHRf SHIVA KUMAR
Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Bngerprises, New Delhi SHRIV.C. MATHUR
SHRfB.N. DAS (Alternate)
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi DIREctoR (TECHNICAL)
MotorIndustries Co Ltd. Bangalore SHRI L. M. NArK
SHRI K. JAYANNA(Alternate)
Ordnance Factory Board, Kclkata SHRI G. S. MARWAHA
SHRIV. C. VERMA (Alternate)
Rajkot Engineering Association, Rajkot SHRI B, U. MEHTA
SHRI M.R.DosHI (Alternate)
Rane Power Steering Ltd, Pudukkotai SHRr S. RADHAKRISHNAN
3
IS8118 : 2008
Organization Representative.(s)
Simpson & Co Ltd. Chennai SHRI S. MURAUDHARAN
SHRl S. JANAR-DRANAN(Alternate)
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, New Delhi SHRt K. K. GANDHI
SURl SUMIT SHARMA (Alternate)
Sona Steering Systems Ltd, New Delhi SURI T.K. PAL
Tata Motors Ltd, Pune SUR] V. LAxMINARAYANAN
SURI S. R. GORl! (AltenuJle)
Tractor Manufacturers Association, New Delhi SHRt T. C. GOI'ALAN
SHRt S. BALASUDRAMANIAN (Alternate)
Vehicle Research and Development Establishment, Ahmednagar SURIT. K. KAMDLE
SURE B. L. WAGH(Ailemale)
VolvoIndia Pvt Ltd. Chennai SHRI ARNE KNABEN
SHRI S. V. SUDERSON(Alternate)
BIS Directorate General SURl P.C. JOSHI, Scientist 'E' and Head (TED)
[Representing Director General (E:c-officio)]
Member Secretary
SURl J. A. SIDDIQUI
Scientist 'E' (TED), DIS

4
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AmendmentsIssuedSincePublieation
AmendNo. Date ofIssue TextAffected
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