IS 4447: Sodium Benzoate, Food Grade

14 Pages·1994·1.3 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

इंटरनेट मानक
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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”
IS 4447 (1994): Sodium Benzoate, Food Grade [FAD 8: Food
Additives]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee””
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै”
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

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Indian Standard
SODIUM BENZOATE, FOOD GRADE —
SPECIFICATION
(First Revision ) i
UDC 664.099.62:547.562 .
@ BIS 1994 ‘“
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
December 1994 ~’ i
Price Group 3 ~
_——.
.#fp
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Food AdditivesSectional Committee, FAD8
.
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (First Revision) wasadopted bytheBureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalizedbythe FoodAdditives Sectional Committee hadbeen approvedbythe Food and Agriculture
DivisionCouncil.
Withthe increasedproduction ofprocessedfoods,manufacturershavestarted addingalargenumber of
substances,generallyinsmallquantities,toimprovetheappearance,flavour,textureorstorageproperties
of the processed-foods.As certain impurities in these substances havebeen found to be-harmful, it is
necessa~ tohaveastrict qualitycontrol ofthesefoodadditives.Aseriesofstandardsis,therefore,being
prepared bythis Bureau to coverpurity and identification of these substances. It is hoped that these
standardswouldhelp incheckingpuritywhichrequiresto becheckedatthestageof manufacture,forit
isextremelydifficult (and in manycasesimpossible)to detect the impurity oncethese substances have
been added to the procmsed foods. Besides, these standards are intended to guide Ihe indigenous
manufactu~ersin makingtheir product conform to specificationthat areacceptedbyscientists, health
authorities andinternational bodies.
Sodium benzoate widelyusedasafoodpreservativeinthevariousfoodproducts ispermitted under the
Preventionof FoodAdulteration Rules, 1955,aswellasFruitProducts Order, 1955. /
i
ChemicalNamesand Formula —The recognizedchemicalnamesare sodiumbenzoat~ sodium saltof f
benzenecarboxylicacid;and sodiumsaltofphenylcarboxylicacid.Empiricalformulaofsodiumbenzoate
/
isCTHsOma. Itsmolecularweightis144.11.Stru/ctural formulaofsodiumbenzoate isgivenbelow
\COONa
b
Inthisrevision,volubilityhasbeenbroughtunderdescriptionandasgiveninNoteunder3.1,itisintended
onlyasinformation regardingapproximatevolubilityandisnottobeconsideredasaqualityrequirement.
Further, inthisrevisionthe testforpolycyclicacidhasbeendeletedasthiswasrepetition ofthe melting
range,andmeltingrangehasbeencoveredunderthetableofrequirementsinsteadofunderidentification
tests.The limitforleadhasbeensubstituted byheavymetals.
Thisstandardwasfirstpublishedin 1967.ItisbeingrevisedtoalignitwiththefollowingInternational as
wellas EEC Standards.
FAO Food and Nutrition Paper No.4—Specifications for identity and purity ofthickening
agents, anticaking agents, antimicrobial, antioxidants and emulsifiers, published by the Joint
FAO/WHO Expert committeeon Food Additives,Rome 1978.
Food ChemicalCodcx,1981Pub.National AcademyofSciencesand National Research Council,
Washington DC,USA.
CouncilDirective65/66/EECof26January 1965Iayingdownspecificcriteria ofpurityforpreser-
vativesauthorized foruseinfoodstuffsinsteadintended forhuman consumption.
For the purposeofdecidingwhetheraparticular requirement ofthisstandard iscompliedwith,the final
value,observedorcalculated,expressingtheresultofatestoranalysis,shallberoundedoffinaccordance
with IS 2: 1960‘Rules for rounding of numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places
retained inthe rounded offvalueshouldbethe sameasthat ofthespecifiedvalueinthisstandard.
IS 4447:1994 ~
Indian Standard
SODIUM BENZOATE, FOOD GRADE —
SPECIFICATION .
(First Revision )
1 SCOPE 3.2 Identification Tests
1.1 This standard prescribes the requirements and 3.2.1 Reaction withFem”cChloride
the method of sampling and test ‘for sodium ben-
When ferric chloride solution is added to a 10
zoate for use as afood preservative.
percent solution of sodium benzoate in water , a
2 REFERENCES , buff coloured precipitate shall be formed.
/’
2.1 The following Indian Standards are neces- 3.2.2 Testfor Sodiunt
sary adjuncts to this standard: 3.2.2.1 Reaction withuranylzinc acetate
ISNo. Title
The material shall give a yellow crystalline
1070:1992 -Reagent grade water ( third precipitate with uranyl zinc acetate when tested by
revision ) the method prescribed inAnnex A.
1699:1994 Methods of sampling and test for
3.2.2.2 Flame test ~,
food CO1OUX(Xsecond revision)
444a :1994 Benzoic acid, food grade ( first The material shall give a distinct golden-yellow
revision ) flame.
3 REQUI-REMENTS
3,2.2.3 Meltingrangeofprecipitate withhydrochloric
3.1 ‘Description acid
Sodium benzoate isawhite, almost odourless, crys- The melting range of precipitate obtained with
k! -...
talline powder or flakes. Itisfreely soluble inwater hydrochloric acid shall be between 12L5°C to
and sparingly-soluble in 95percent ethanol. 123.5°Casdetermined bythe method described in
NOTE — The volubilityis intended onfyas information Annex C.
regardingapproximatevolubilityandisnottoheconsidered
asa qualityrequirement andisof minorsignificanceasa 3.3 The material shall also conform to the require-
means of identification or determination of purityand ments given in Table 1.
dependence mustbeplacedonotherspecifications. >“
4
/“ Table 1 Requirements For Sodium Benzoate
s] Characteristic Requirement MelhodofTest,
No. Ref-to
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i) Purity,expressedasC7HS02N,percent 99.0 AnnexB
bymassM, in
ii) Meltingrangeoftiberaled benzoicacid 121.9C- 123.5°C AnnexC
iii) Moisture,percentbymass,Mar 1,5 AnnexD
iv) Addity oralkalinity Toconform totest AnnexE
v) Remtifycarbonizablesubstanca Toconformtotest AnnexF
vi) Readifyoxidizable substaneea Toconformtotest AnnexG
vii) Chlorinatedorganiccompounds Toconformtotest Atmex H
viii) tiIc (ssA), mgkg,Max 3.0 15of1S1699:1994
U)
I-temymetats(asPb)mgkg,Max 10 AnnexJ
1s4447:1994 b“
4 PACKINGANDMARKING 4.2.2 BIS Certification Marking
4.1 Packing The product mayalsobemarkedwiththe Standard
Mark.
The material shall be filled in amber eoloured
glass containers, or any other well-closed cont- 4.2.2.1 The useofthe Standdrd Mark isgoverned
ainers, or suitable bag with inner lining of food” bythe Provisions of the Bureau of Indian Stand-
grade material, with aslittle air spaceas possible. ardsAct,1986andtheRulesandRegulations made
The containers shall be such asto preclude con- thereunder. The details ofconditions under which
tamination of the eontents with metals or other theliceneefortheuseoftheStandardMarkmaybe
impurities. granted to“manufacturersor producers maybe ob-
tained fromthe Bureau ofIndian Standards.
4.2 Marking .‘
5 SAMPLING ~“
4.2.1 Each container shallbelegiblyand indelibly
markedwith thefollowinginformatiotx 5.1 Representative samples of the material shall
a) Name of the material, including the words bedrawnaccordingto the method prescribed in 4
‘FoodG~ddt!; ofIS1699:1994.
b) Sourceofmanufacture; 6 TESTS ~
c) Date ofmanufacture%
6.1 Tests shall be carried out by the methods as
d) Minimum net cont?ntq
specifiedin3.2andcd 4ofTable 1.
e) Batchor codenumbeq and
6.2 Quality ofReagents /
f) Anyother requirements asgivenunder the
Standards of Weightsand Measures (Pack- Unlessspecifiedotherwise,purechemicalsanddis-
aged Commodities ) Rules, 19771Prevention tilledwater (see IS1070: 1992) shallbeemployed
ofFoodAdulteration Rules, 1955. J intests.
.NOTE—‘Purechemicals’shallmeanchemicalsthatdonot
containimpuritieswhichaffecttheexperimentalresults.
ANNEX A
( Clause 3.2.2.1)
RtiCTION WITHURANYLZINCACETAT.E
A-1 REAGENTS with30mlofwaterand3mlofacetic acid.Mixthe
twosolutions, allowto cool to room temperature,
A-1.l Acetic Acid Dilute
andremovebyfiltration anysolid material which
Prepare a solution containing approximately 30 separates.
pereent m/v ofCH3COOH inwater.
A-2 PROCEDURE ~
A-1.2 Uranyl ZincAcetate Solution /’
A-2.1, Acidi~thesolution ofsodiumbenzoate with
Dissolve 10g of uranylacetate by heatingwith the acetic acid. Filter if neeessary. Add to the
50mlofwater and 5mlofaceticacid(30percent solution the uranylzincacetate solution. Ayellow
solution). Dissolve30gofzincacetate byheating crystallineprecipitate shall form.
ANNEX B
[Table 1,Jtetn(i)]
DETERMINATIONOFPURITY
B-1 REAGENTS . B.1.4 Ether
B-1.1 HydrochloricAcid—0.1.N. B-1.5 Bromophenol Blue
B-1.2 Stttndard Hydroxide Solution — 0.5N. Warm0.1g of bromophenol blue with 3.2mlof
B-1.3 Phenolphthale}n Indicator 0.05 N so~ium hydrofide and 5ml of 90percent
Dissolve().2gofphcnolphthalein (CzOHMOq)in ethanol. After the solution is effected, add suffi-
60mlof90pereent ethanol andaddasufficient cient quantity of 20 percent ethanol to make 250
quantity ofwaterto produce 100ml, ml.
.
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1S4447 :1994 “
B-2 PROCEDURE ingsandanadditional 20mlofether. Complete the
titration with 0.5 N standard hydrochloric acid,
B-2.1 Weighaccurately2.500to 3.000gofsodium
shaking constantly. Note the volume of 0.5N
b.enzoate,previouslydriedanddissolvein50mlof
standard“hydrochloricacidconsumed. V’
water.Neutralizethesolution, ifnecessary,with0.1
N hydrochloric acid, using phenolphthalein. Add
B-3 CALCULATION
50 ml of ether and a fewdrops of bromophenol
blue and titrate with 0.5 N standard hydrochloric
B-3.1 Calculate as follows the amount and per-
acid, shaking constantly until the colour of the
centageofC7Hs02Na present:
indicator begins to change. Separate the lower
Eachmlof0.5Nhydrochloricacid,isequivalentto
layer,washthe ethereal layer with 10mlofwater,
0.07205 gofC7HsO~a.
and.tothe separated aqueous layeradd the wash-
/
ANNEX C
[Clause 3.2.2.3 and Table 1,Item (ii)]
DETERMINATIONOFMELTINGRANGE
C-1 REAGENT C-2 PROCEDURE
C-2.1 Prepare a2percent solution ofsodiumben-
C-1,1 Hydrochloric Acid, Dilute
zoate.Acidifyitwith the hydrochloricacid.White
precipitate shall be formed.‘Washthe precipitate
Mix260ml of hydrochloric acid (25 percent m/v
withdistilledwater till freefromchloride. Drythe
solution inwater) withsufficientwaterto produce
precipitate and determine its melting point bythe
1000 ml.
method giveninAnnexBofIS4448:1994.
ANNEX D
[Table 1,Item (iii)]
DETERMINATIONOF MOISTURE
1$- D-l APPARATUS depthof about 5 mm.Place the bottle containing
thesample(uncovered )intheovenmaintained at
D-1.l Oven—maintained at 105Y l“C.
105&1°C.Remove the bottle from the oven after
two hours, close the bottle promptly, allow it.to
D-1.2 Weighing Bottle — glass-stoppered , shal-
come to room temperature in a desiccator and
low.
-weighit.Keepthe bottle againinthe ovenforone
D-2 PROCEDURE hour, cool andweigh.Repeat the process till con-
stant massisreached.
13-2;1Weigh 2g of the powdered sample to
accuracyof 0.1 mg in a tared weighing bottle. D-2.2 Calculatethelossondryingpercentbymass,
Distribute the sample asevenlyas practicabletoa andexPressasmoisture.
ANNEX E
[Table 1,Item (iv)]
TESTFORACIDITYORALKALINITY
E-1 REAGENTS E-2 PROCEDURE
E-2.1 2.0gofsodium benzoate dissolvedin20ml
II-1.1 Standard Sodium Hydroxide for
offreshlyboiledwater,shallrequire forneutraliza-
Hydrochloric Acid— O.1.N.
tion not more than 0.5 ml of either standard
sodium hydroxide or standard hydrochloric acid,
E-1.2 Phenolphthulein Indicator —SameasII-1.3.
usingphcnolphthalein asindicator.

3
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1S4447:1994 ~
ANNEX F
[Table 1,Item (v)] ‘“
TESTFOR READILYCARBONIZABLESUBSTANCES
F-1 REAGENTS solutionina250-mliodineflask,add15mlolwater
and3gofpotassium iodideandallowthe mixture
F-LI Sulphuric Acid— 94.5 to 95.5 pereent.
tostandfor1-5minutes.Dilutewith100mlofwater,
F-1.2 Matching Fluid and titrate the liberated iodine with 0.1“Nsodium
thiosulphate solution addingstarch.Eachmillilitre
Composed of 0.2 ml of cobalt chloride solution
of0.1Nsodiumthiosulphate isequivalentto27.03
(see F-1.2.1),0.3 ml of ferric chloride solution
mgofFeC13.6H20. Adjust the finalvolumeofthe
(see F-1.2.2),0.1mlofcupricsulphate (seeF-1.2.3)
solution byaddition of enough of the mixture of
and4.4mlofwater.
hydrochloricacidandwaterto.makeeachmillilitre
F-L2.I Cobalt Chloride Solution contain 45.0mgofFeCls.6Hz0.
Dissolve about 65 g of cobalt chloride F-L2.3 CupricSulphate Solution
(COC126.H20) inenoughofamixtureof25mlof
hydrochloricacidand975mlofwatertomake1000 Dissolve about 65 g of cupric sulphate
(CuS04. 5H@ )in enough ofamixtureof25ml
ml.Place exactly5ml of this solution in a 250-ml
ofhydrochloricacidand975ml of water to make
iodine flask, add 5 ml of 3 percent hydrogen
1000ml.Place10.0mlofthissolution ina250-ml
peroxideand 15mlof20pereentsodiumhydroxide
iodine flaskandadd40mlofwater,4mlofacetic
solution. Boil for 10minutes, cool,andadd 2gof
acid and 3 g of potassium iodide. Titrate the
potassium iodideand20mlof25pereentsulphuric
liberated iodine with 0.1 N sodium thiosulphate
acid.Whentheprecipitate hasdissolved,titrate the
adding starch. Each millilitre of 0.1 N sodium
liberated iodine with 0.1 N sodium thiosulphate
thiosulphate is equivalent to 24.97mgof CUS04.
solution, adding starch. Each millilitre of 0.1 N
5H@. Adjust the finalvolume ofthe solution by
sodium thiosulphate is equivalent to 23.8mg of
addition ofenough ofthe mixtureofhydrochloric
COCIZ.6H20. .Adjust the final volume of the
acidand water to make each millilitre contain
solution by adding enough of the mixture of
62.4mgofCUS04.5H@.
hydrochloricacid andwatertomakeeachmillilitre
contain 59.5mgofCOC126.H20. F-2 TROCEDURE
I?-L2.2 Fem”cChlon”deSolution F-2.1 Dissolve0.500gofsodiumbenzoate in5ml
ofsulphuricacid;thesolutionshallnothavedeeper
Dissolveabout 55gofferricchlorideinenoughof
colour than thematchingfluid(F-1.2).
amixtureof25mlofhydrochloricacidand975ml
of water to make 1 000 ml. Place 10 ml of this
ANNEX G
v“
[Table 1,Item (vi)]
TESTFORREADILYOXIDIZABLESUBSTANCES
G-1 REAGENTS water,heat to boiling and addstandard potassium
permanganate solution in drops, until the pink
G-1,1 Sulphuric Acid—94.5.to95.5 pereent.
culour persistsfor30seconds.Dissolve1.000gof
G-1.2 Standard Potassium Permanganate sodium benzoate intheheatedsolution, andtitrate
Solution —0.1N. withstandardpotassium permanganatesolution to
apinkcolour thatpersistsfor15.seconds.Notmore
G-2 PROCEDURE
than 0.5mlof 0.1N standard potassium perman-
G.2.1 Add 1.5ml of sulphuric acid to“1OOml-of ganateshallberequired.
—— --.-. -——
%----”
,.
Is 4447:1994 v
ANNEX H
[Table 1,Item (vii)]
TESTFOR CHLORINATEDORGANICCOMPOUNDS
H-1 REAGENTS II-2 PROCEDURE
11-1.1 Concentrated Nitric Acid — 69.0 to 71.0 H-2.1 Dissolve0.25gofsodium benzqatein 10ml
percent. water. Acidi$ with .ccmcentratednitric acid and
filter-offthe precipitate. Mixthe precipitate with
H-1.2 Calcium Carbonate
0.5gofcalciumcarbonate,dry themixtureandthen
H-1.3 Dilute NitricAcid ignite.Takeuptheignitedresiduein20mlofdilute
nitric acidand filter. Mixthe solution with 0.5ml
Mix190mlof50percent nitricacidwithsufficient
ofsilvernitrate solution. Theturbidityshallbenot
waterto makeup 1000 ml.
-morethan.that obtained -ina similar volume by
H-1.4 SilverNitrate Solution—0.1N. addition of 0.5ml of silvernitrate solution and
0.05mlofstandard hydrochloricacid.
H-1.5 Standard HydrochloricAcid—O.1N.
v’”
ANNEX J
[Table 1,Item (ix)]
TESTFOR HEAVYMETALS
J-1 REAGENTS J-2 PROCEDURE
J-1.l Ammonia Solution J-2.1 Solution A
Dilute 400mlof28pereent ammonium hydroxide Take2mlofthe standard leadsolution ina50-ml
to 1000 mlwith water. Nesslertube andaddwater to make25ml,Adjust
thepH tobetween3.0and 4.0@Hindicator paper)
J-1.2 AceticAcidSolution —6percent (m/v).
bythe addition ofdiluted aceticacidor ammonia
J-1.3 Hydrochloric Acid— 10percent. solution. Dilutewithwater to40mland mix.
J-1.4 LeadNitrate StockSolution J-2.2 Solution B ~“
Dissolve159.8mg of lead nitrate Pb (NC)3)2in Dissolve 4 gram of Sodium benzoate in 40 ml of
100mlofwatercontaining 1mlofnitricacid,then water,adddropwisewithvigorousstirring, 10mlof
diluteswithwaterto 1000mlandmix.Thissolution diluted hydrochloricacidand filter.Take 25mlof
should be prepared and stored inglasscontainers the aboveSolution in a 50-mlcolour comparison
whicharefreefromleadsalts. tube that matchestheone usedforsolution Aand
adjust.thepH tobehveen3.0and4.0@H indicator
J-1.5 Standard LeadSolution @_’
paper)bytheaddition ofdiluteamtic acidsolution
On the day of use, dilute 10mlofleadnitrate or ammonia solution. Dilute to 40 ml with water
stocksolution, accuratelymeasured,withwaterto andmix.
100ml.Each mlofthe solution soprepared c@t-
tains the equivalent of 10microgram of lead ion J-2.3 To each tube add 10mlof freshlyprepared
(Pb). hydrogensulphidesolution. Mix,allowtostandfor
5minutesandviewdownoverawhitesurface.The
J-1.6 Hydrogen Sulphide /
colourofsolution Bshall not be darker than that
Asaturatedsolution ofhydrogensulphidemadeby ofsolution A.
passingH2Sin edd water.

5“d