IS 3410: Metallic materials - Determination of linear thermal expansion

11 Pages·1993·1.3 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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IS 3410 (1993): Metallic materials - Determination of
linear thermal expansion [MTD 3: Mechanical Testing of
Metals]
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Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
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IS 3410:1993
WI&T W-WJ

Indian Standard
METALLIC MATERIALS - DETERMINATION
OF LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION
( First Revision )
UDC 669 : 536’413’2

Q BIS 1993
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Price Croup 2
September 1993
lacinahceM gnitseT of slateM lanoitceS ,eettimmoC DTM 3
DROWEROF
sihT naidnI dradnatS ( tsriF noisiveR ) was adopted yb the uaeruB of nnidrI ,sdradnatS after the
draft dezilanif yb the lacinahceM gritseT of slateM lanoitceS eettimmoC had neeb devorppa yb
the lacigrullateM gnireenignE noisiviD .licnuoC
ehT test dohtem debircsed ni siht ,dradnats si a elbailer dohtem of gninimreted the raenil lamreht
noisnapxe of cillatem ,slairetam hcihw are ylediw desu ni cinortcele ,secived gnitasrepmoc -udnep
,smul eccalab ,sleehw elibomotua snotsip dna latemib ,spirts etc. sihT dohtem yam osla eb deilppa
ot ,scimarec ,seirotcarfer ,sessalg rocks, ,slarenim ,scitsalp woods, ,stnemec ,sets?cp ,sratrom dna
.setisopmoc ,revewoH ynam slairetam dna niatrec lairetam snoitacilppa eriuqer deliated -erp
gninoitidnoc dna cificeps lamreht test seludehcs for correct noitaulave of lamreht .noisnapxe ecniS
a lareneg test dohtem nac ton revoc lla cificeps ,stnemeriuqer sliated of siht erutan dluohs eb
deniatnoc ni ralucitrap lairetam .snoitacificeps
sihT dradnats was tsrif dehsilbup ni 1965. nI siht noisiver gniwollof snoitacifidom evah neeb :edam
a) erutarepmeT egnar of test has neeb deifidom dna won the test dohtem si elbacilppa revo the
egnar of -“ C°081 ot ”C”OO9+ daetsni of erutarepmet pu ot l+ .C°000
)b noitinifeD of tneiciffeoc of raenil lamreht noisnapxe has neeb .deifidom
c) suoertiV acilis retemotalid has decalper ztrauQ ebut .retemotalid
d) sesualC no retupmoc data sisylana dna noisicerp dna saib evah neeb .detaroprocni
nI the noisiver of siht ,dradnats ecnatsissa has neeb devired morf MTSA E 228 - 85 drradnntS‘
tseT Method for raeniL lamrehT noisnapxE of diloS slairetaM htiw a suoertiV aciliS ’retemotaliD
deussi yb naciremA yteicoS for gnitseT dna ,slairetaM .ASU
the
nI gnitroper the stluser of a test or sisylana edam ni ecnadrocca htiw siht ,dradnats fi the lanif
,eulav devresbo or ,detaluclac si ot eb dednuor off, ti llahs eb enod ni ecnadrocca htiw SI 2 : 1960
seluR‘ for gnidnuor off laciremun seulav ( revised )‘.
IS 3410 : 1993
Indian Standard
METALLIC MATERIALS -- DETERMINATION
OF LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION
( First Revision )
-l SCOPE ehT eulav fo eht naem tneiciffeoc must eb
deinapmocca yb eht seulav fo eht owt -met
sihT standard sebircsed eht dohtem rof -reted .serutarep
noitanim fo raenil lamreht noisnapxe fo cillatem
slairetam revo eht erutarepmet egnar fo - 180 2.4 suoertiV aciliS retemotaliD
ot 900°C using suoertiv acilis .sretemotalid
A ecived that serusaem eht ecnereffid ni raenil
lamreht noisnapxe neewteb a tset nemiceps and
2 TERMINOLOGY
eht suoertiv acilis parts fo eht .retemotalid
2.0 roF eht esoprup fo this standard, eht
snoitinifed nevig woleb shall .ylppa 3 SUMMARY OF METHOD
2.1 laitinI retemaiD 3.1 sihT dohtem uses a suoertiv acilis -otalid
retem fo rehtie eht ebut ro eht dor epyt ot
laitinI retemaid fo eht nemiceps is eht retemaid
enimreted eht egnahc ni htgnel fo a dilos lairetam
fo eht tset nemiceps derusaem at moor -arepmet
as a noitcnuf fo .erutarepmet
erut erofeb eht tset is .detrats
3.2 ehT erutarepmet nac eb dellortnoc rehtie
2.2 laitinI htgneL
revo a seires fo steps ro at a tnatsnoc gnitaeh ro
laitinI htgnel fo eht nemiceps is eht htgnel fo gnilooc etar revo eht eritne .egnar
eht tset nemiceps derusaem at moor erutarepmet
erofeb eht tset is detrats tub retfa eht -omreht 3.3 ehT raenil lamreht noisnapxe and eht
selpuoc evah neeb ,dehcatta sihT is yrassecen stneiciffeoc fo raenil lamreht noisnapxe nac eb
ni redro ot diova srorre eud ot yna egnahc detaluclac morf eht dedrocer data.
desuac yb eht dohtem fo gnihcatta eht -omreht
.selpuoc 4 APPARATUS
2.3 Linear Thermal Expansion 4.1 Dilatometer, gnitsisnoc fo
ehT egnahc ni htgnel rep tinu htgnel gnitluser
morf a erutarepmet .egnahc raeniL lamreht 4.1.1 nemicepS redloh ro seborp ro ,htob edam
fo suoertiv .acilis eeS 5.8.2 rof dednemmocer
noisnapxe is yllacilobmys detneserper yb AL/Lo,
gnilaenna eludehcs fo eht suoertiv .acilis
erehw AL is eht devresbo egnahc ni htgnel
( ,L - L1 >, and LO, L1, and Lz era eht shtgnel 4.1.2 ,ecanruF ,tatsoyrc and bath, desu rof
fo eht nemiceps at ecnerefer erutarepmet TO and ylmrofinu gnitaeh ro gnilooc eht nemiceps revo
tset serutarepmet Tl and Tz. raeniL lamreht eht erutarepmet egnar fo tseretni tub ton woleb
noisnapxe is netfo desserpxe as a egatnecrep ro -180°C ro evoba 900°C. ehT serutarepmet
ni parts rep noillim ( hcus as m/mp .)
shall eb dellortnoc as a noitcnuf fo .emit
2.3.1 Instantaneous Coefficient of Linear Thermal
4.1.3 recudsnarT ( a dial eguag ro laitnereffid
Expansion
remrofsnart is ylnommoc desu ) rof gnirusaem
ehT epols fo eht raenil lamreht noisnapxe evruc
eht ecnereffid ni htgnel neewteb eht nemiceps
at erutarepmet T. suoenatnatsnI tneiciffeoc fo and eht nemiceps redloh ro eborp htiw an
raenil lamreht noisnapxe is detneserper yb
: ycarucca fo at tsael f 0’1 .mp ehT recudsnart
dL/dT shall eb detcetorp ro detnuom os that eht
aT = ( l/Lo )
ehT eulav fo eht suoenatnatsni tneiciffeoc must mumixam erutarepmet egnahc devresbo ni eht
eb deinapmocca yb eht erutarepmet at hcihw ti recudsnart gnirud a tset lliw tceffa eht recudsnart
is .denimreted sgnidaer yb less than 0’1 .mp
2.3.2 Mean Coefficient of Linear Thermal 4.1.4 erutarepmeT ,rosnes rof gnirusaem eht
naem erutarepmet fo eht nemiceps htiw an
Expansion
ycarucca fo at tsael f 0’5°C. fI a elpuocomreht
ehT raenil lamreht noisnapxe rep egnahc ni
is ,desu ti shall eb decnerefer ot eht eci tniop
.erutarepmet ehT naem tneikteoc fo raenil
htiw an retaw-eci bath ro an tnelaviuqe .metsys
lamreht noisnapxe detneserper :yb
4.2 ,repilaC rof gnirusaem eht ecnerefer htgnel
i = l~TA/LA()oL/l([ L,,, fo eht nemiceps htiw an ycarucca fo at
= ,L([)aL/l( - -,TM& 111T tsael k 25 .mp
IS 3410 : 1993
5 PRECAUTIONS 6 TEST SPECIMENS
5.1 gnitaeH suoertiv acilis evoba 800°C yam 6.1 ehT nemiceps htgnel ,OL shall eb hcus that
esuac suocsiv wolf and a tnedneped-emit egnahc eht ycarucca fo gninimreted a L/LO lliw eb at
ni its lamreht .noisnapxe ehT edutingam fo tsael f 20 .m/mp
eseht stceffe lliw dneped no eht ralucitrap epyt
fo suoertiv .acilis NOTE - For ,elpmaxe fi eht recudsnart si etarucca
ot +2 mp neht eht htgnel tsum be at tsael 01. .m
5.2 gnitaeH suoertiv ,acilis that is detanimatnoc
6.2 ehT dne secafrus fo eht nemiceps ( as llew
htiw alkali ,sdnuopmoc evoba 500°C yam esuac
as eht gnitcatnoc ecafrus fo eht nemiceps ,redloh
ti ot .ezillatsyrc oT diova this, ti dluohs eb
ro ,sdor ro htob ) dluohs ton eb rehguor than
denaelc yb noisremmi rof 1 nim ni an suoeuqa
tuoba 10 mp RMS and shall eb mrofinu ni
noitulos gniniatnoc %01 ciroulfordyh dica
.epahs detnioP nemiceps ,sdne that lliw mrofed
de,vollof yb a hguoroht esnir htiw dellitsid
gnirud a ,tset shall eb .dediova
.retaw ehT suoertiv acilis dluohs ton eb dehcuot
htiw eht hands retfa gninaelc ot diova -noc
7 CALIBRATION
noitanimat htiw alkali .sdnuopmoc
7.1 etarbilaC eht recudsnart yb gnisopmi a
5.3 citsalenI peerc fo a nemiceps at detavele seires fo nwonk stnemecalpsid htiw a noisicerp
serutarepmet nac netfo eb dediova yb making its wercs ,retemorcim eguag-dne ,skcolb ro yllauqe
ssorc noitces yltneiciffus .egral etarucca .ecived
5.4 eraC yam eb dedeen ot lortnoc eht -epmet
erutar tneidarg ni gnol .snemiceps 7.2 etarbilaC eht erutarepmet .rosnes
7.3 ehT ,retemotalid as a latot ,metsys shall eb
5.5 erutsioM dluohs eb tpek tuo fo eht
detarbilac yb gnirusaem at tsael eno ecnerefer
,retemotalid yllaicepse nehw desu at cinegoyrc
.serutarepmet lairetam fo nwonk lamreht .noisnapxe -eR
dednemmoc ecnerefer slairetam era detsil ni
5.6 A desolc nemiceps redloh yam eb dedeen xennA A. A ecnerefer lairetam htiw noisnapxe
nehw eht retemotalid is desremmi ni a ,diuqil as esolc as elbissop ot eht elpmas lairetam dluohs
rof ,elpmaxe a bath. eb .detceles
5,7 ehT nemiceps dluohs eb detroppus ro dleh 7.3.1 rehtiE eno fo eht gniwollof owt noitarbilac
ni a noitisop os that ti is elbats gnirud eht .tset stnatsnoc detacidni ni 9.1 yam eb :desu
5.8 ehT nemiceps redloh ro ,seborp ro ,htob A = (/I AL/Lo )m I( AL/Lo >t - ( AL/Lo )s 3
must eb edam fo eht emas epyt fo suoertiv
ro
.acilis
B = ( oLU& t) - ( oL/XL m)
5.8.1 A tset nur htiw a suoertiv acilis nemiceps erehw
dluohs ton tluser ni an tnerappa naem -iffeoc
m = eht derusaem noisnapxe fo eht ecnerefer
tneic fo raenil lamreht noisnapxe regral than
,lairetam
f 3’0 ,C’m/mp nehw gniylppa eht metsys -ilac
noitarb deniltuo ni 8. t = eht eurt ro deifitrec noisnapxe fo eht
ecnerefer ,lairetam

5.8.2 gnilaennA eht suoertiv acilis nemiceps
s = eht assumed ro nwonk noisnapxe fo eht
and retemotalid parts ni eht gniwollof steps
suoertiv acilis parts fo eht ,retemotalid
yam ecuder yna evissecxe tol-ot-tol secnereffid
and
ni raenil lamreht .noisnapxe
A, eht noitcnuf fo eht .erutarepmet
B =
5.8.2.1 taeH at lOO”C/h ot 1 200°C
7.3.2 ehT noitarbilac dluohs eb enod using eht
5.8.2.2 dloH at 1 200°C rof 2 h emas tset erudecorp as that desu rof eht tset
;nemiceps rof ,elpmaxe eht emas elpmas htgnel
5.8.2.3 looC at 60”C/h ot 1 000°C and erutarepmet .eludehcs
5.8.2.4 looC at 120”C/h ot 600°C 8 PROCEDURE
5.8.2.5 looC at 200”C/h ot moor .erutarepmet 8.0 hcaE pets yam ton deen ot eb dewollof ni
eht ecneuqes nevig and, gnidneped nopu eht
5.9 ecniS eht noisicerp and ycarucca fo eht apparatus, all steps yam ton eb .dedeen
htgnel stnemerusaem era dexif rof a cificeps
8.1 erusaeM eht laitini ( moor erutarepmet )
apparatus, ot niatbo eht emas tnecrep ytniatrecnu
ni eht ,tneiciffeoc a hcum regral erutarepmet htgnel fo eht ,nemiceps drocer as htgnel LO.
egnar must eb desu rof wol noisnapxe slairetam 8.2 ecalP eht nemiceps ni eht retemotalid retfa
than rof hgih noisnapxe .slairetam ,ylesrevnoC making niatrec that all gnitcatnoc secafrus era
fi eht emas erutarepmet egnar is ,desu eht eerf fo ngierof .lairetam ekaT erac ot erusne
tnecrep ytniatrecnu fo eht tneiciffeoc lliw eb doog gnitaes fo eht nemiceps ni a elbats
hcum regral rof eht wol noisnapxe .lairetam .noitisop

2
SI 3410 : 1993
8.3 ecalP the erutarepmet rosnes at the -dim A. B = stnatsnoc denimreted as nwohs
htgnel of the .nemiceps ylbareferP ti dluohs ni 7.3.1.
eb ni etamitni tcatnoc htiw the ;nemiceps tub ti
9.2 gnisU the detaluclac seulav of the raenil
llahs at tsael eb as raen the nemiceps as .elbissop
lamreht ,noisnapxe etaluclac the naem -oc
ehT erutarepmet rosnes llahs ton tcirtser -evom
stneiciffe yb gnidivid yb the etairporppa
tnem of the nemiceps ni the .retemotalid
erutarepmet :egnar
8.4 Make niatrec that the recudsnart si ni elbats
tcatnoc htiw the )s(eborp dna .nemiceps 3 = [ (AL/Lo )/AT1
8.5 ecalP the delbmessa retemotalid otni the 9.3 ehT gniwollof snoenatnatsni ,stneiciffeoc are
ecanruf tatsoyrc or ,htab dna wolla the denimreted morf the .sepols dL/dT, of the
erutarepmet of the nemiceps ot emoc ot htgnel susrev erutarepmet evruc at each -orppa
.muirbiliuqe etairp .erutarepmet ehT epols yam eb -reted
denim rehtie yllacihparg morf a tolp or
8.6 Record the laitini sgnidaer of the -arepmet
yllaciremun morf na noitauqe tif ot the :atad
erut ,rosnes r, dna the recudsnart LI.
8.7 Heat or looc the nemiceps ot the derised -? = ( I/Lo ) dL/dir
erutarepmet gnidrocca ot the gniwollof -orp
.serudec
IO RETUPMOC ATAD SISYLANA
8.7.1 dloH at a sei.res of tnatsnoc serutarepmet
retupmoC or desab-cinortcele ,stnemurtsni
litnu the recudsnart gnidaer reaches a tnatsnoc
,seuqinhcet or data tnemtaert t.re1aviuqe ot siht
eulav ( noitairav 0’2f< .)mp tA that tniop
test dohtem yam osla eb .desu sresU of siht
the detacidni erutarepmet of the nemiceps llahs
test dohtem are yllaiceps deslvda that lla hcus
ton yrav yb erom naht f2”C dna the -arepmet
stnemurtsni or seuqinhcet yam ton eb .tnelaviuqe
erut tneidarg ni the nemiceps llahs ton exceed
tI si the ytilibisnopser of the resu of siht test
C°5’0 per .mc See xennA A for dednemmocer
dohtem ot enimreted the yrassecen ycnelaviuqe
noitcurtsnoc .sliated dloH emit si a noitcnuf
roirp ot .esu nI the case of ,etupsid ylno the
of the lamreht ssam of the retemotalid dna
launam serudecorp debircsed ni siht test ,dohtem
snemiceps dna lliw yrav for tnereffid -arepmet
are ot eb deredisnoc .dilav
.serut sgnidaeR of ,erutarepmet T1 dna degnahc
nemiceps ,htgnel L1 deen ot eb recorded at each
tnatsnoc erutarepmet Tl. 11 TEST REPORT
8.7.2 Heat or looc at emos tnatsnoc rate that si 11.0 ehT report yam edulcni the gniwollof
ssel naht C°3 per .nim nehW gnisu siht -orp noitamrofni fi elbaliava dns .elbacilppa
erudec the naem erutarepmet of the nemiceps
lliw ylekil eb tnereffid morf the derusaem 11.1 noitpircseD of ,lairetam gnidulcni eman of
,rerutcafunam lacimehc ,noitisopmoc lamreht
erutarepmet ( rewol no gnitaeh dna rehgih no
dna lacinahcem .yrotsih erutsiom ,tnetnoc dna
gnilooc ) tub fi the metsys si yltcerroc detarbilac
other gninoitidnoc .yrotsih
htiw a ecnerefer lairetam the derusaem -napxe
nois of the test nemiceps lliw eb .etarucca 11.2 Method of noitaraperp of test ,nemiceps
sgnidaeR of erutarepmet dna egnahc of htgnel mrof dna ,snoisnemid dna laixa noitatneiro fi
dluohs eb ylsuounitnoc recorded. the lairetam si .ciportosina
8.7.3 fI the htgnel of the nemiceps at the dne of
11.3 feirB noitpircsed of the sutarappa gnidulcni
the test si tnereffid yb erom naht 20 m/mp a
tnemecalpsid dna erutarepmet gnirusaem -sys
retest dluohs eb deredisnoc or siht tnenamrep
,smet etamitse of ,noisicerp gnitaeh dna gnilooc
noitamrofed nekat otni accord nehw gnitroper
rates, erutarepmet ,siortnoc dna yna evitcetorp
the noisnapxe .seulav
gas other naht .ria
9 NOITALUCLAC
11.4 gnitsiL of ecnerefer )s(lairetam dna
9.1 gnidnepeD no hcihw noitarbilac tnatsnoc erudecorp desu ot etarbilac the retemotalid
,desu etaluclac the raenil lamreht noisnapxe of metsys gnidulcni the recudsnart dna erutarepmet
ser,sor.
the test nemiceps as :swollof
)oL/LA( = A(JJ-/Lo) + s)oLILA( 11.5 noita!ubaT of data gnidulcni laitini htgnel
( L, ) at ecnerefer erutarepmet ( Ta. ) gniwohs test
or
erutarepmet dna raenil lamreht .noisnapxe
( @,LiLo ) = ( L.LILo) f B
11.6 ehT gniwollof noitalubat or sevruc as
where :deriuqer
( AL/Lo) = the noisnapxe as detacidni yb the
LA
,recudsnart - susrev T: a susrev :T LIT susrev T
Lo
s = the demussa or nwonk noisnapxe
of the suoertiv acilis parts of the where the lautca serutarepmet desu ot etaluclac
,retemotalid dna are .detsil
.
3
IS3410:1993
11.7 etelpmoC noitpircsed fo yna usual -eb .etautculf
ruoivah fo eht ,nemiceps hcus as a tnenamrep
egnahc ni ,htgnel evissecxe ,noitadixo ,gnilacs 12.3 citametsyS rorre is yllausu regral and nac
,noitarolocsid ,noitamrofed ,gnikcarc ro spalling, tluser morf ynam .secruos esehT edulcni eht
that yam eb fo eulav ni gniterpretni tset .stluser ycarucca fo eht htgnel and erutarepmet -erusaem
,stnem eht noitaived fo eht nemiceps naem
11.8 ynA lanoitidda noitamrofni deriuqer yb a
erutarepmet morf that detacidni yb eht ,rosnes
ralucitrap lairetam .noitacificeps
eht noitaived morf ytiraenil fo eht ,recudsnart
12 PRECISION ANDBIAS eht erutarepmet stneidarg neewteb eht nemiceps
redloh ro ,seborp ro ,htob eht ecnereffid neewteb
12.1 noisicerP and bias fo gninimreted htob eht assumed ro derusaem eulav fo noisnapxe fo
lamreht noisnapxe and eht naem tneiciffeoc fo
eht suoertiv ,acilis and eht tceffe fo lanoitidda
lamreht noisnapxe dneped nopu eht suoenatlumis
ecafrus stcatnoc neewteb eht nemiceps and eht
tnemerusaem fo erutarepmet and evitaler .htgnel
.recudsnart elttiL nac eb enod ot evorpmi eht
12.2 modnaR rorre is yllausu detaicossa htiw modnar srorre ecno eht recudsnart and -arepmet
noisicerp and bias fo detaeper htgnel and -met erut rosnes evah neeb detceles tpecxe ot wollof
erutarep ,stnemerusaem tub rehto selbairav yam doog latnemirepxe .ecitcarp citametsyS ,srorre
osla edurtni no eht .stnemerusaem roF ,ecnatsni ,revewoh nac eb decuder yb luferac noitarbilac
a nemiceps yam egnahc noitisop ylbataeper ro fo eht laudividni stnenopmoc and fo eht latot
eht egatlov deilppa ot eht recudsnart yam .metsys
ANNEX A
( Clause 7.3 )
RECOMMENDED REFERENCE MATERIALS
Temperature Linear Thermal Expansion
(_-_____A____--7
munitalP muinimulA
( “C 1 ( m/mp 1 ( m/mp )
591- 1- 756.65 0
051- 1- 06’024 3- 430
001- 1- 024.09 2- 550
- 50 - 69’706 1- 550
0 - 02’671 - 460
20 0 0
50 60’862 710

100 83’227 1 900

200 1 06’456 4450
300 2 10’216 7 130
400 3 81’295 10 050
500 4 55’695 13 230
600 5 56’826 16 760
-
700 6 18’296
-
800 7 72’397
dradnatS Mark
ehT esu fo eht dradnatS Mark is denrevog yb eht snoisivorp fo eht
Bureau of Zndian
and eht seluR and snoitalugeR edam .rednuereht ehT dradnatS Mark no
Standards Act, 1986
stcudorp derevoc yb an naidnI dradnatS syevnoc eht ecnarussa that yeht evah neeb decudorp
ot ylpmoc htiw eht stnemeriuqer fo that standard rednu a llew denifed metsys fo ,noitcepsni
gnitset and ytilauq lortnoc hcihw is desived and desivrepus yb SIB and detarepo yb eht -orp
.recud dradnatS dekram stcudorp era osla ylsuounitnoc dekcehc yb SIB rof ytimrofnoc ot
that standard as a rehtruf .draugefas sliateD fo snoitidnoc rednu hcihw a ecneci rof eht esu
fo eht dradnatS Mark yam eb detnarg ot srerutcafunam ro srecudorp yam eb deniatbo morf
eht uaeruB fo naidnI Standards.