IS 3028: Automotive Vehicles - Noise Emitted by Moving Vehicles - Method of Measurement

26 Pages·1998·2.1 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”
IS 3028 (1998): Automotive Vehicles - Noise Emitted by
Moving Vehicles - Method of Measurement [TED 4: Automotive
Braking Systems]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
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“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

IS 3028:1998

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Indian Standard
AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES — NOISE EMITTED
BY MOVING VEHICLES — METHOD OF
MEASUREMENT
(Second Revision)
ICS 17.140.30
0 BIS 1998
BUREAU OF IN DIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
December 1998 Price Group 7
Automotive Vehicle Testing and Performance Evaluation Sectional Committee, TED 8
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau ofIndian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Automotive Vehicle Testing and Performance Evaluation Sectional Committee had been approved by
the Transport Engineering Division Council.
This standard was first revised in 1980 to incorporate the changes in accordance with latest ISO standards on
the subject. In view of the growing noise pollution, it has necessitated the Government to laydown limits for
different categories of vehicles in Central Motor Vehicle Rules (CMVR). Hence, the limits are not specified in
the standard. The standard is now being revised to bring it in line with the procedures outlined in the latest EEC
directives.
While revising the standard considerable assistance has been derived from the following:
971241EC Permissible sound level and exhaust system of Two or Three-wheel motor vehicles
70/ 157/EEc Amended by Directive 96/20iEC
IEC 651:1993 Sound level meters
1S0 10534-1:1996 Acoustics — Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedence in
impedence tubes Part 1:Method using standing wave ratio
1S0 10534-2:1996 Acoustics — Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedence in
impedence tubes Part 2: Method using two microphones
1S0 10844:1994 Acoustics — Specification for test tracks for the purpose of measuring noise emitted
by road vehicles
The noise emitted by stationary used vehicles is covered separately by IS 10399:1998 ‘Automotive vehicles
— Noise emitted by stationary vehicles — Method of measurement (@@ revision)’.
The composition of the committee responsible for preparation of this standard is given in Annex E.
For the purpose of deciding whether aparticular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in
the rounded off value should be the same that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 3028:1998
Indian Standard
AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES — NOISE EMITTED
BY MOVING VEHICLES — METHOD OF
MEASUREMENT
(Second Revision)
1 SCOPE 3.2.2 Every functional modification pertaining to
technical characteristics of noise performance of
This standard specifies the method for measuring the
vehicle declared in accordance with 3.1 shall be
external noise emitted by road vehicles in moving
intimated to the testing agency. Testing agency may
condition.
then consider, whether the vehicle with modifications
2 REFERENCES complies with specified performance requirements; or
any further testing is required. For considering
The following standards contain provisions which
whether testing is required or not, guidelines given in
through reference in this text, constitute provision of
Annex B shall be followed.
this standard. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to After successful compliance to the performance
revision, and parties to agreements based on this requirements, ifneeded, the earlier test results shall be
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility validated for the modifications/changes also. These
of applying the most recent editions of the standards conditions are applicable irrespective of any change in
indicated below: commercial name of the model.
IS No. Title 4 INSTRUMENTATION
9211:1979 Denominations and definitions of 4.1 Acoustic Measurements
weights of road vehicles
The apparatus used for measuring the noise level shall
9726:1984 Terms and definitions of weights of be a sound-level meter of the type described in
mopeds (first revision) IS 9779 or the equivalent IEC publication and the
measurements shall be carried out using the fast
9779:1981 Sound level meters
response of the sound-level meter and the ‘A’
11422: 986 Terms and definitions of weights of weighting curve which are also described in that
scooters and motorcycles publication. The frontal mode of operation of the
.. sound-level meter shall be used. At the beginning and
14272 Automotive vehicles — Types —
end of each set of measurements, the sound-level
(Part 1 :1995 Terminology: Part 1Three and four
meter shall be calibrated according to the instructions
wheelers
given by the manufacturer of the instrument, by
3 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE means of an appropriate sound source such as piston
VEHICLE phone. The test shall be considered invalid, if the
sound-level meter errors registered during these
3.1 Technical characteristics ofthe vehicle asrelevant
calibrations exceed 1dB.
to noise performance, shall be declared by vehicle
manufacturer and shall contain atleast the details given 4.2 Speed Measurements
test
in Annex A.
m1,IEeng:.ne S..—peeu>...2UK2.I.VC-1-![lIU-1-.C S—p-C-UJJ__.LWA 111~ SeC[lon
NOTE — If the specifications submitted for complete type shall be determined to within f 3 percent by the
approval ofavehicle contain thedetails given inAnnex A,there
suitable instrumentation.
isno necessity ofsubmitting this information again.
,3.2 Modifications/Changes in Technical 5 CONDITIONS OF MEASUREMENT
Characteristics 5.1 Test Site
3.2.1 In case test is conducted for verification of The test site shall consist of a central acceleration
compliance to statutory requirement the following section surrounded by a substantially flat test area.
shall be carried out. The test acceleration section shall be level; the track

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IS 3028:1998
surface shall be dry and such that rolling noise 6 PREPARATION OF THE VEHICLE
remains low. The test site shall be such that the
6.1 The vehicle shall conform in all its parts,
variations in the free sound field between the sound
components and systems to the design andlor
source at the centre of the acceleration section and the
production series as applicable.
microphone are within 1 dB (A). These conditions
shall be deemed to have been met, ifthere are no large 6.2 Prior to test, the vehicle shall be run-in as
sound-reflecting objects such asfences, rocks, bridges recommended by the manufacturer.
or buildings within 50 metres radius of the centre of
6.3 The vehicle’s tyres shall be of the type normally
the acceleration section. The test-track surface shall
fitted to such vehicles by the manufacturer. Tyres that
comply with the requirements specified in Annex C.
have covered only 10percent or less of their expected
There shall be no obstacle that affects the sound field
life shall be fitted on the veh:cle.
within the vicinity of the microphone and no person
shall stand between the microphone and the sound 6.4 The tyres shall be inflated to the appropriate
source. The observer carrying out the measurement pressure(s) for the load condition prescribed for the
shall so position himself as not to affect the readings test as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
of the measuring instrument.
6.5 Before the measurements are obtained, the engine
5.2 Meteorological Conditions shall be brought to its normal operating condition with
The measurement shall not be made in adverse regard to temperatures, settings, fuel, spark plugs,
weather conditions such as rain, storm and heavy carburetor, etc.
winds that would affect noise, instruments and test
6.6 If the vehicle is fitted with fan(s) having an
results.
automatic actuating mechanism, this system shall not
5.3 Ambient Noise be interfered duringthe’measurements.
For measurements, the A-weighted sound level of 6.7 Prior to testing it shall be ensured that the vehicle
sound sources other than those of the vehicle to be is in running order as defined for the kerb weight
tested and of wind effects shall be at least 10dB (A) condition, and with the test driver/rider. The kerb
below the sound level produced by the vehicle. A weight condition shall be the same as defined in
suitable windscreen shall be fitted to the microphone IS 9211, IS 9726, IS 11422 as appropriate. In the case
provided that care is taken of its effect on the of two and three wheelers the combined weight of the
sensitivity and directional characteristics of the rider and the test equipment used on the vehicle shall
microphone. If the difference between the ambient be within 80 * 10kg. If necessary additional weights
noise and the measured noise is between 10and 16 may be added tothe vehicle tomeet this requirement.
dB (A), in order to calculate the test results an
6.8 If the vehicle is designed to be attached with
appropriate correction shall be subtracted from the
trailer or semi-frailer, they shall be uncoupled except
readings on the sound level meter, as shown in Fig. 1.
dB(A’
0.4
O*3
0
0.2 CJ
0.1
-’v- I dB(A)
13
11 12 14 15 16
FIG.1 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AMBIENT NOISEAND NOISETOBEMEASURED
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IS 3028:1998
in the case of vehicles where trailer or semi-trailer 7 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
cannot be uncoupled.
7.1 Nature and Number of Measurements
6.9 Only the normal highway drive shall reengaged
The maximum sound level expressed in A-weighted
in vehicle with more than two drive wheels
decibels [dB(A)] shall be measured as the vehicle is
6.10 Incaseoftwo wheelers fitted withasidecar, the driven between lines AA’ and BB’ (Fig. 2). The
side car shall be detached.
measurement shall be invalid if an abnormal
6.11 The test shall be carried out on fully built discrepancy between the peak value and the general
vehicles where applicable including cabin and load sound level is recorded. At least two measurements
body or on a drive away chassi$ on manufacturer’s shall be taken on each side of the vehicle. The
request. If the manufacturer so desires the drive away measurements are considered valid if the difference ‘
chassis may be loaded according to Table 1below to between two consecutive measurements on the same
compensate the weight of the cab and load body. side of the vehicle does not exceed 2 dB (A).
7.2 Positioning of the Microphone
Table 1 Load Schedule
The microphone shall be located at a distance of 7.5
GrossVehicle CabWeight BodyWeight + 0.2 m from the reference line CC’ (Fig. 2) of the
WeightinTonne(t) inTonne(t) inTonne(t) track and 1.2 t 0.1 m above the ground. Its axis of
(1) (2) (3)
maximum sensitivity shall be horizontal and
Below 3 Not applicable 0.12 perpendicular to the path of the vehicle (line CC’).
3and above Not applicable 0.20
but less than 4 7.3 Operating Conditions
4and above Not applicable 0.40
but less than 6 7.3.1 For all measurements, the vehicle shall be
6and above 0.40 0.70 driven in astraight line over the acceleration section
but less than 10
in such a way that the median longitudinal plane of
10and above 0.40 1,00
the vehicle is as close as possible to the line CC’.
c’
I
B
bi B’
E
yo
+1 I
I
I
‘T’
I
c
FIG.2 POSITIONFORTESTINGTHEVEHICLEINMOTION
3
1S 3028:1998
7.3.2 The vehicle shall approach the line AA’ at a 8.4 For Four Wheelers and Multi-Axle Vehicles
steady approach speed as specified in 8, with the gear
8.4.1 The approach speed shall be that corresponding
engaged as per 9. When the front end of the vehicle
LOthe lower of the following two speeds:
has reached the lineAA’, the accelerator control isfully
— 50 km /h.
operated as rapidly and smoothly as possible and held
— The speed corresponding toanengine speed equal
in the fully opened position until the rear of the
to three-quarters of the speed (S) at which the
vehicle reaches the line BB’; the accelerator control
engine develops its rated maximum power, in the
shall be released as quickly aspossible. The trailers of
case of vehicles of category Ml and in the case of
articulated vehicles which cannot be uncoupled shall
vehicles of the other categories having an engine
not be taken into account with regard to crossing of
power not greater than 225 kW.
line BB’.
— The speed corresponding toanengine speed equal
8 APPROACH SPEED to half the speed (S) at which the engine develops
its rated maximum power, in the case of vehicles
8.1 For two wheelers with maximum design speed
not belonging to category M1having an engine
not exceeding 45 km/h and if fitted with a thermic
power greater than 225 kW.
engine, engine capacity not exceeding 50cc.
8.4.2 However, if in the case of vehicles equipped
The approach speed shall be 30 km/h or top speed, if
with an automatic transmission having more than two
this is less than 30 km/h.
discrete ratios there is a possibility for change-down
8.2 For All Other Two Wheelers to first gear during the test. In such cases the
manufacturer may select either of the following test
8.2.1 Vehicle with Manual Shiji Gear Box
procedures:
The approach speed shall be the lowest of the — The speed (S) of the vehicle is increased to a
following: maximum of 60 kfi in order to avoid such a
change-down, or
— 50 kmlh.
— The speed (S) shall remain at 50 km/h and fuel
speed corresponding to an engine rpm equal to
supply to the engine limited to 95 percent of the
75 percent of the engine rpm at which
maximum rated power is developed. supply necessary for full load. This condition is
considered to be satisfied:
speed corresponding to an engine rpm equal to
— In the case of a spark-ignition engine, when
75 percent of the maximum engine rpm permitted
the angle ofthe throttle opening is90 percent,
by the governor.
and
8.2.2 Vehicle with Automatic Gear Box — In the case of acompression-ignition engine,
when the movement of the central rack ofthe
a) Vehicle without a manual selector or with
injection pump islimited to 90 percent of its
fixed transmission ratio
travel.
The tests shall be carried out at approach
8.4.3 If the vehicle is equipped with an automatic
speeds of 30, 40 and 50 km/h. If any of the
transmission that has no manual override, it shall be
above speeds exceed 75 percent of maximum
tested atdifferent approach speeds, such as 30,40 and
design speed the test need not beconducted for
50 krrdh, or atthree-quarters of maximum road speed
those speeds (see 11.4).
in case this value is lower.
b) Vehicle equipped with manual selector with
9 SELECTION OF GEAR RATIOS
‘X’forward drive positions
The approach speed shall be asper 8.2.1. How- 9.1 For Two Wheelers (with Maximum Design
ever, during the test at an approach speed of Speed not Exceeding 45 krnh and if Fitted with a
50 krnlh, the kick down occurs, the approach Thermic Engine with Capacity not Exceeding
speed of the vehicle may be increased to a 50 cc)
maximum of 60 km/h to avoid the kick down.
If the velicle isfitted with amanual-shift gearbox the
8.3 For Three Wheelers
highest gear which allows it to cross line AA’ with at
a) For vehicles with fixed transmission ratio or least half the full-power engine rpm shall be selected.
with manual shift gear box the approach speed
9.2 For All Other Two Wheelers
shall be as given in 8.2.1.
b) For vehicle with automatic gear box the ap- 9.2.1 Vehicle with Manual Shijl Gear Box
proach speed shall be 50 kmlh or three-
quarters of its maximum design speed, 9.2.1.1 Vehicle fitted with a gear box having a
whichever is the lowest. maximum offour ratios, shall be tested only in second
4
IS 3028:1998
gear, whatever may be the cylinder capacities subject (S)atwhich the engine develops itsrated
to 9.2.1.4. maximum power, the test shall be
repeated with an approach speed andlor
9.2.1.2 Vehicles fitted withengineshaving acylinder
approach engine speed reduced in steps
capacity not exceeding 175 cc and a gearbox with
of 5 percent of Suntil the engine speed
five or more ratios shall be tested only in third gear.
attained no longer exceeds S. If the en-
9.2.1.3 Vehicles tittedwith engines having acylinder gine speed ‘S’ is still attained with an
capacity of more than 175 cc and agear box with five approach engine speed corresponding to
or more ratios shall be tested once in second gear and the idle speed, then the test shall be
once in third gear, subject to 9.2.1.4 (see 11.2). performed only in the third gear and the
9.2.1.4 If during the test in second gear (see 9.2.1.1 relevant results shall be evaluated.
ii) However, the vehicles in category M1
and 9.2.1.3), the engine speed on the approach to the
line marking the end of the test area (at the line Bl?’) having more than four forward gears and
exceeds 100 percent of the speed at which the engine equipped with an engine developing a
maximum power greater than 140 kW,
develops rated maximum power, the test shall be
and whose permissible maximum
performed in third gear (see 11.3).
power/maximum mass ratio exceeds
9.3 For Three Wheelers 75kW/t, may betested inthird gear only,
provided that the speed atwhich the rear
9.3.1 Vehicle with Manual Shifi Gear Box
of the vehicle passes the line BB’ in third
If the vehicle is fitted with gear box with two, three or gear is greater than61 ktnh.
four ratios, second gear shall be used. If the gear box
NOTE — The category ofvehicles such as M1and N1
has more than four ratios, third gear shall be used. If are defined in 1S14272 (Pml1).
the engine reaches a speed of rotation beyond its b) Vehicle categories other than Ml and Ni in
maximum power at a line BB’, instead of second or which the total number of forward gear ratio is
third gear the next higher gear shall be engaged to x ( including the ratios obtained by means of
reach line BB’ on the test track without exceeding this an auxiliary gear box or a multi-ratio drive
engine speed. Over drive shall not be selected, during axle) shall be tested using, in turn, ratios equal
the test. If the vehicle has a dual ratio final drive, the to or higher than X/n, where:
ratio selected shall be that corresponding to that of i) n=2, for vehicles having an engine
highest speed of the vehicle. power not greater than 225 kW;
ii) n=3, for vehicles having an engine
9.3.2 Vehicle with Automatic Gear Box
power greater than 225 kW.
Where several forward drive positions are available, If tin does not correspond toawhole number,
the position that produces highest average acceleration the nearest higher gear ratio shall be used.
of the vehicle between lines AA’ and BB’ shall be The test results shall be those obtained from
selected. The selector position used for braking, the ratio producing maximum sound level.
maneuvering or similar slow movements shall not be Shifting of gears from tin shall be terminated in ‘‘
used. the gear Xwhere the engine speed (S) at which
the engine develops its rated maximum power
9.4 For Four Wheelers
and isreached earlier while passing the line BB’.
9.4.1 Choice of Gear Ratios (for Vehicles Fitted with In case of vehicles having different overall
Gear Boxes) gear ratios (including a different number of
gears) the representative type of the test
9.4.1.1 Manually-operated, non-automatic gear box
vehicle shall be determined as follows:
a) The category M1 and N1 vehicles equipped — If the highest sound level is obtained
with amanually operated gear box having four between the ratio tin and X the vehicle
or less forward gear ratios shall be tested in selected isdeemed tobethe representative
second gear. Vehicles in these categories of this type,
equipped with a manually operated gear box — If the highest sound level is obtained at
having more than four forward gear ratios shall ratio tin the vehicle selected is deemed
be tested in second and third gears successive- representative of its type only for those
ly. Only overall gear ratios intended for normal vehicles which have a lower overall gear
road usage shall be considered. The arithmetic ratio attin, and
mean of the sound levels recorded for each of — If the highest sound level is obtained at
these two conditions shall be calculated. ratio Xthe vehicle selected is deemed to
i) If during the test in second gear, the be the representative of this type only for
engine speed exceeds the engine speed
5