IS 2720-11: Methods of test for soils, Part 11: Determination of the shear strength parameters of a specimen tested in unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression without the measurement of pore water pressure PDF
Preview IS 2720-11: Methods of test for soils, Part 11: Determination of the shear strength parameters of a specimen tested in unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression without the measurement of pore water pressure
इंटरनेट मानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New” IS 2720-11 (1993): Methods of test for soils, Part 11: Determination of the shear strength parameters of a specimen tested in unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression without the measurement of pore water pressure [CED 43: Soil and Foundation Engineering] “!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda ““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee”” “!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै” Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” IS 2720 ( Part 11 ) : 1993 (Ruuiilpw) . 6th if dfm fi Tg tfVla 79 W’WWT TUWd % tFanr WTFf W3-I (~Fm-0 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 11 DETERMINATON OF THE SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF A SPECIMEN TESTED IN UNCONSOLIDATED UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION WITHOUT THE MEASUREMENT OF PORE WATER PRESSURE First Revision) ( tsriF tnirpeR NOVEMBER 1998 UDC 5-673-131-426 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 . rebotcO 1993 Price QuorC 3 slioS and lioS gnireenignE lanoitceS ,eettimmoC CED 23 FOREWORD sihT naidnI dradnatS ( tsriF noisiveR ) was detpoda yb eht uaeruB fo naidnI Standards, retfa eht tfard had neeb dezilanif yb eht slioS and lioS gnireenignE lanoitceS eettimmoC had neeb devorppa yb eht liviC gnireenignE noisiviD .licnuoC With a weiv ot establish mrofinu serudecorp rof noitanimreted fo tnereffid scitsiretcarahc fo slios and osla rof gnitatilicaf eht evitarapmoc yduts fo eht ,stluser an naidnI dradnatS dohteM fo tset rof ,slios SI 2720 has neeb dehsilbup ni 41 parts. sihT trap srevoc eht noitanimreted fo eht evisserpmoc htgnerts fo a nemiceps fo detarutas evisehoc lios ni eht laixairt noisserpmoc apparatus rednu snoitidnoc ni hcihw eht llec erusserp is deniatniam tnatsnoc and ereht is on egnahc ni eht latot retaw tnetnoc fo eht .nemiceps sihT standard was tsrif dehsilbup ni 1971. nI this tsrif noisiver apart morf lareneg .noitadpu eht eerht stnemdnema issued evah neeb detaroprocni and eht seititnauq and snoisnemid evah neeb nevig ni IS units. roF eht esoprup fo gnidiced rehtehw a ralucitrap tnemeriuqer fo this standard is deilpmoc htiw eht lanif ,eulav devresbo ro ,detaluclac gnisserpxe eht tluser fo a tset ro ,sisylana shall eb dednuor ffo ni ecnadrocca htiw SI 2 : 1960 seluR‘ rof gnidnuor ffo laciremun seulav ( revised )‘. ehT rebmun fo tnacifingis secalp deniater ni eht dednuor ffo eulav dluohs eb eht emas as that fo eht deificeps eulav ni this standard. IS 2720 ( Part II ) : 1993 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 11 DETERMINATON OF THE SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF A SPECIMEN TESTED IN UNCONSOLIDATED UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION WITHOUT THE MEASUREMENT OF PORE WATER PRESSURE First Revision ) ( a tset nemiceps era detsil ni 3.2 and 3.3 ot 1 SCOPE revoc eht eerht elbissop gniwollof :serudecorp 1.1 sihT‘ standard ( traP 11 ) sebircsed eht tset rof eht noitanimreted fo eht evisserpmoc )a erudecorP 1 - roF gniniatbo a nemiceps morf a relpmas ebut fo eht emas lanretni htgnerts fo a nemiceps fo detarutas evisehoc retemaid as eht deriuqer .nemiceps lios ni eht laixairt noisserpmoc apparatus rednu snoitidnoc ni hcihw eht llec erusserp is -niam )b erudecorP 2 - roF gniniatbo a nemiceps deniat tnatsnoc and ereht is on egnahc ni eht morf a relpmas ebut fo regral retemaid latot retaw tnetnoc fo eht nemiceps ( ees setoN than eht deriuqer .nemiceps 1 and 2 .) )c erudecorP 3 - roF gniniatbo a nemiceps morf a kcolb .elpmas NOTES 1 nI siht dradnats eht mret ’e!pmasc si desu ot 3.2 etoned :ht lios dettimbus ot eht yrotarobal rof eht Articles Common to a Sample Preparation gnitset dna eht mret ’nemiceps< srefer ot a noitrop by all Three Procedures fo eht elpmas nopu hcihw eht tset si .demrofrep 2 ehT tluser fo yna tset edam ni ecnadrocca htiw 3.2.1 Split Afould siht dradnats seriuqer noitaterpretni ni aaitaler ot fO retemaid and htgnel ot suit eht tset eht erutan fo eht lios dna eht yaw ni hcihw eht nemiceps saw deniatbo dna .deraperp .nemiceps 1.1.1 sihT tset is detimil ot snemiceps ni eht 3.2.2 Trimming Knife mrof fo thgir srednilyc fo lanimon retemaid 38, dedalb-prahS rof elpmaxe a spatula ro tellap 50, 70 and 100 mm and fo thgieh -ixorppa .efink yletam lauqe ot eciwt eht lanimon retemaid ( ees etoN .) nI esac fo dedluomer samples; 3.2.3 Piano Wire Saw oitar fo retemaid fo nemiceps ot mumixam ezis fo elcitrap ni eht lios dluohs ton eb less 3.2.4 Metal Straightedge than 5. 3.2.5 Metal Scale NOTE - ehT retemaid fo eht nemiceps si ot eb 3.2.6 Non-Corrodible Metal or PIastic End- detceles guivah drager ot eht retcarahc fo eht 11os dna eht mumixam ezis fo eht selcitrap tneserp Caps ni eht .elpmas ,yllareneG a retemaid fo 38 mm fO eht emas retemaid as eht tset .nemiceps lliw :,b elbatius rof suoenegomoh deniarg-enif .slios ehT reppu dne pac is ot evah a lartnec -irehps lac gnitaes ot eviecer eht gnidaol mar ( ees 2 REEERENCES etoN .) ehT naidnI dradnatS detsil woleb is -ecen 2 yrass .1 tcnujda ot this standard: NOTE - A citsalp reppu dne ,pac 20 mm ,kciht si yllamron yrotcafsitas rof esu no tfos ro yrev tfos .slios lateM dne spac era deredisnoc elbareferp rof SI .oN Title esu no ffits .slios A latem reppu dne pac 12 ot 20 mm kciht si yllamron .yrotcafsitas 2720 sdohteM fo tset rof :slios .traP ( traP 2 ) : 1973 2 noitanimreteD fo retaw 3.2.7 Seamless Rubber Membrane tnetnoc ( dnoces noisiver ) nI eht mrof fo a ,ebut nepo at htob sdne fo 3 lanretni retemaid lauqe ot eht nemiceps -aid APPARATUS retem and fo htgnel 50 mm retaerg than eht 3.1 Apparatus deriuqer rof eht noitaraperp fo thgieh fo eht .nemiceps ehT enarbmem 1 IS 2720 ( Part 11) : 1993 ssenkciht dluohs eb detceles gnivah regard the ezis of the .nemiceps elbapac of gnieb -nspo ot the ,ezis htgnerts dna erutan of the lios ot ed for the noitresni of the ,nemiceps elbatius eb tested. .4 ssenkciht of 0.2 ot 0.3 mm si for esu htiw the diulf detceles for esu at lanretni yllamron .yrotcafsitas pu.serusserp ot 1 MPa dna dedivorp htiw a snaem of gniylppa lanoitidda laixa evisserpmoc 3.2.8 encrbmeM: Stretcher daol ot the nemiceps yb snaem of a gnidaol T:) tiw the ezis of the .nemiceps .mar A tnerapsnart rebmahc si .dednemmocitr ehT esab of the llec llahs eb dedivorp htiw a 3.2.9 Rubber Rings elbatius lartnec la:sed:p htiw eganiard steltuo htiw .sevlav flC ralucric ;szrc noit& ot tius the retemaid of ehi dne caps. 3.4.2 An Apparatus for Applying a.-zd Muiritain- 3.2.10 Apparatils for Moisture Content Deter- ing the Desired PrcFsure on the Fluid Within the Cell mination sA debircsed ni noitces 1 of S! 2720 ( Part 2 ) : oT na ycarucca of 10 kPa ( ylbareferp 5 kPa ) htiw a eguag for gnirusaem the .erusserp ehT. 1973. eguag llahs eb ylraluger .detarbilac 3.2.11 Balance 3.4.3 Machine Capable of Applying A.rial Com- elbadaeR dna etarucca to O-5 g. pression to the ;;pecimen 3.3 Additional Items for the Specific Procedures tA tneinevnoc speeds ot revoc the egnar 0.05 3.3.1 Extruders [ For Procedures (a) and (b) ot j mm per .etunim ehT enihcam dluohs of 3.1 ExtrudeIs ] evah a yticapac of 50 .NK A snaem of gnirusaem the laixa noisserpmoc of the -iceps 3.3.2 Thin-walled Tubes [ For Procedure (b) nem ot na ycarucca cf 0.01 mm llahs eb of 3.1 ] (for obtaining test specimens ) dedivorp dna the enihcam llahs eb elbapac of gniylppa na laixa noisserpmoc of tuoba -eno The sebut llahs eb htooms edisni dna tuo driht the thgieh of the nemiceps tested. dna denrut at eno dne ot mrof a g;;ittuc edge at rhe renni ecafrus of the .ebut ehT area oitar ETON - nI esac eht levart of the laid seguag si ( see Note ) llahs eb kept as wol as elbisop ton tneiciffus a citengam recaps of nwonk ssenkciht tnetsisnoc htiw the htgnerts stnemeriuqer of yam eb .des:r the nemiceps sebut dna sti eulav llahs ton exceed 10 .tnecrep ehT htgnel of the sebut 3.4.4 noisivorp llahs eb edam for gnirusaem the IIahs eb at tsaeI 50 mm erom naht the d::iuqer lanoitidda laixa daol no the .nemiceps gnivorP htgnel of the .snemiceps gnir fo 1 KN yticapac htiw ytivitisnes of 2 N for wol htgnerts slios dna eno of 10 NK -apac ETON - ehT area oitar si denifed 2s the emulov of ytic htiw ytivitisnes of 10 N for hgih htgnerts lios decalpsid yb eht relpmas oi hoi:roporp ot eht slios are dnuof .elbatius emulov fo eht elplllss dna si dcnited :sa D,= - Dc2 4 PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS aerA oitar = Dr” x 100 tnecrep 4.1 Undisturbed Specimens where Do .= edistuo rc!emaid of the ,ebut dna 4.1.1 ehT tcejbo of the nemiceps noitaraperp si ot ecudorp lacirdnilyc snemiceps of thgieh DC = edisni retemaid of the gnittuc edge. eciwt the ncmlc:ps retemaid htiw enalp sdne lamron ot the sixa dna htiw the muminim 3.3.3 lioS Lathe [ For Procedure (c) of 3.1 ] egnahc of the lios erutcurts dna erctsiom roF gniraperp test .snemiceps .tnetnoc 33.4 Meier Box [ For Procedure (c) of 3.1 ] ehT dohtem of noitaraps-lp lliw dneped no whether the elpmas si deviecer ni the -arobal roF gnittuc the sdne of the nemiceps -idl,eprep yrot ni a ebut o,r as a kcolb elpmas dna yna raluc ot rieht axes. eno of the serudecorp nevig ni 4.1.1.I, 4.1.1.2 3.4 Apparatus Required for Triaxial ‘Test OT 4.1.1.3 yam eb .desu __--- 3.4.1 Triaxial Test Cell 1 dPk = lXiI znr,fgk PI laixairi test llec of snoisnemid etairporppa ot 1 KK z 109 kgf SI 2720 ( traP 11 ) : 1993 sebut ro yb hand gnimmirt a lios .ehtal 4.1.1.1 A specimen from a sampler tube of the GII snemicepS fo evitisnes syalc and, ni emos same internal diameter as the required specimen ,sesac fo ffits ,derussif ,syalc yam eb tseb yaM eb deniatbo as nevig ni )a( ot :)e( deraperp yb the rettal .dchtem ehT -araperp noit fo snemiceps nc eht lios ehtal is tlaed )a nehW eht sdne fo eht sampling ebut era htiw ni 4.1.1.3. oT eraperp snemiceps yb ton Rat and iamron ot eht sixa fo eht snaem fc dellsw-niht sebut eht elpmas shall eb ,ebut a htgnel fo eht elpmas tneiciffus dedurtxe morf eht elpmas ebut yltcerid otni a ot mrof a nemiceps shall eb dedurtxe rebmun fo dellaw-niht ne@ceps sebut yldigir morf eht ebut and tuc .ffc sihT -iceps depmalc htiw rieht gnittuc sdne a trohs dis- nem shall neht eb decalp ni eht split ecnat morf eht dze fo eht sampling .ebut tjeT dluom and eht sdne demmirt talf and s;:cn;iceps shall eb deraperp morf eht -niht lamron ot its .sixa dellaw snemiceps sebut ni eht rennam debircsed )b As an evitanretla ot )a( nehw eht ebut ni 4.1.1.1. gnisolcne eht elpmas is ni doog noitidnoc and eht sdne era enalp and lamron ot 4.1.1.3 A specimen from a block sample eht sixa fo eht ,ebut eht nemiceps yam eb deraperp ni eht ebut and .detcartxe yaM eb deniatbo as nevig ni )a( ot )c( : )c yuA .xaw desu rof ,gnilaes shall eb a) A ralugnatcer msirp ylthgils regraI than devomer and eht gnittuc egde dne fo eht deriuqer lanif noisnemid fo eht eht elpmas dehtooms os that ti is -ixorppa nemiceps shall eb tuc morf eht kcolb yletam lamron ot eht sixa fo eht .ebut .elpmas ehT ralugnatcer msirp shall cb ehT redurtxe shdl neht eb desu ot ptish tuc rehtie no a deriuqer noitatneiro ro eht elpmas hguorht eht ebut os that eht an noitatneiro as tseb detius ot eht rehto dne yam eb tuc lamron ot eht sixa .elpmas ehT sdne fo eht msirp shall eb and yllanif dehtooms htiw eht latem edam enalp and lellarap using eht retem straight .egde ehT elpmas dluohs eb xob and eht msirp shall b.2 decalp ni eht dedurtxe morf eht ebut pushing morf lios .ehtal ehT ssecxe lios shnll eb tuc eht gnittuc egde edis and tuc ot eht ffo ni this .reyal ehT gnimmirt -arepo deriuqer .htgnel gniruD this noitarepo ,noit ,gnitator eht elpmas neewteb hcae eht elpmas ebut shall eb dleh .lacitrev gnittuc ,noitarepo shall eb deunitnoc snoituacerP shall eb nekat ot tneverp litnu a 1acirdnilyc nemiceps .stluser noisehda neewteb eht lios and eht ,redurtxe rof ,elpmaxe yb gnisopretni )b ehT nemiceps shall eb devomer morf delio repap discs ro ylthgil gnilio eht eht lios ,ehtal decalp ni eht split dluom ecaf fo eht .redurtxe and tuc ot eht tcerroc htgnel and eht sdne edam enalp and lamron ot eht sixa fo )d ehT ,htgnel retemaid and mass fo eht .nemiceps eht nemiceps shall eb derusaem ot an ycarucca gnilbane eht klub ytisned ot eb lC ehT redniamer fo eht noitaraperp shall detaluclac ot an ycarucca fo f O-1 eb as debircsed ni 4.1.1.1. .tnecrep 4.2 dedluomeR selpmaS )e ehT nemiceps shall eb decalp no eno fi eht dne spac and eht rehto dne pac shall dedluomcR samples deraperp at eht derised eb tup no pot fo eht .nemiceps ehT erutsiom and ytisned yb citats and cimanyd rebbur enarbmem shall neht eb decalp sdohtem fo noitcapmoc ro yb yna rehto suita- dnuora eht nemiceps using eht enarbmem elb ,dohtem erehw .yrassecen rehcterts and eht enarbmem delaes ot the dne spac yb snaem fo rebbur rings. 5 GNITSET ehT nemiceps is neht ydaer ot eb decalp no eht latsedep ni eht laixairt .llec ehT 5.1 ehT nemiceps deraperp as debircsed ni 4 lztsrdep dluohs eb rehtie derevoc htiw shall eb decalp yllartnec no eht latsedep fo a dilos dne cap or the eganiard evlav eht laixairt .llec ehT llec shall eb delbmessa dluohs eb kept .desoic h:iw eht gnidaol mar yllaitini raelc fo eht pot pac fo eht nemiceps and eht llec gniniatnoc 4.1.1.2 For obtaining a specimen from a sample eht nemiceps shall eb decalp ni eht gnidaol tlrbc of larger d,‘gmeter then tire required specimen .enihcam ehT gtiitarepo diulf shall eb timda det Two sdohtm e’ia ,elbaliaba rehtie the l;elnixps ot eht 1!cc and eht erusserp dcsizr ot eht yt.n~ cb tuc I<: ezis yb snaem of niht dellaw derised .eulav 3 c IS 2720 ( Part 11) : 1993 5.2 ehT gnidaol enihcam llahs eb detsujda ot 6.1.1 ehT area of the nemiceps lamron ot sti gnirb the gnidaol mar a short ecnatsid yawa $ixa at yna stage of the test llahs eb detupmoc morf the seat no the top cap of the nemiceps no the noitpmussa that the elpmas smrofed as dna the laitini gnidaer of the daol gnirusaem a thgir .rednilyc sihT area at yna niarts si eguag llahs eb recorded. ehT gnidaol enihcam nevig :yb llahs neht eb rehtruf detsujda ot gnirb the A gnidaol mar tsuj ni tcatnoc htiw the seat no A=+ the top cap of the nemiceps dna the laitini g,ridaer cf the eguag gnirusaem the laixa where noisserpmoc of the nemiceps llahs eb recorded. 0A = laitini area of the nemiceps A rate of laixa noisserpmoc llahs eb detceles lamron ot the ,sixa dna hcus that eruliaf si decudorp nihtiw a doirep e = ( L, - L )/Lo of yletamixorppa 5 ot 15 .setunim ehT test llahs eb ,decnemmoc a tneiciffus rebmun of where suoenatlumis sgnidaer of the daol dna -moc L, = laitini htgnel of the ,nemiceps noisserp gnirusaem seguag gnieb nekat ot dna enifed the stress niarts evruc (see Note ). L = htgnel of the nemiceps at the ehT test llahs eb deunitnoc litnu the mumixam stage of test at hcihw area si ot ealav of the stress has neeb passed or litnu na eb .denimreted laixa niarts of 20 tnecrep has neeb reached. ehT nemiceps llahs neht eb dedaolnu dna the 6.1.1.1 ehT lapicnirp stress ecnereffid ( o1 - :TC ) lanif gnidaer cf the daol gnirusaem eguag llahs for yna stage of the test llahs eb denimreted eb recorded as a check no the laitini .gnidaer yb gnidivid the lanoitidda laixa daol yb the gnidnopserroc area A. NOTE - tI si netfo tneinevnoc ot ekam a tolp fo daol susrev noisserpmoc sa eht tser ,sdeecorp ot 6.1.1.2 A noitcerroc ot wolla for the -niartser elbane eht tniop fo eruliaf ot eb .denimreted gni effect of the rebbur enarbmem llahs eb edam as nevig :woleb 5.3 ehT llec llahs eb deniard of diulf dna -sid &-I ,deltnam dna the nemiceps nekat .tuo ehT noitcerroC = 4M D rebbur enarbmem llahs eb devomer morf the nemiceps dna the edom of eruliaf llahs eb where deton ( see Note I ). ehT nemiceps llahs eb dehgiew (see Note 2 ) dna selpmas for the M= the noisserpmoc suludom of the rebbur enarbmem ni mc/gk of noitanimreted of the erutsiom tnetnoc of the htdiw ( see 6.1.1.4 ), nemiceps llahs eb nekat [ see noitceS 1 of SI 2720 ( Part 2,) : 1973 1. fI there si a erutsiom E = the laixa niarts at the mumixam egnahc ni the nemiceps ti dluohs eb recorded lapicnirp stress ,tnereffid dna dna noitercsid desu htiw regard ot -atpecca D= laitini retemaid of the elpmas ytilib of the test. ni .mc NOTES 6.1.1.3 ehT eulav of the noitcerroc detaluclac 1 The tsom tneinevnoc dohtem fo gnidrocer eht as nevig ni 6.1.1.2 llahs eb detcuded morf the edom fo eruliaf si yb sna:m fo hcteks gnitacidni derusaem mumixam lapicnirp stress ecnereffid eht noitisop fo eht eruliaf .senalp ehT elgna fo ot evig the corrected eulav of the mumixam eht eruliaf nalp )s( ot eht latnoziroh yam eb -roc;r lapicnirp stress .tnereffid ,ded fi .deriuqer esehT sdrocer dluohs eb -elpmoc det tuohtiw eudnu yaled ot diova ssol fo erutsiom 6.1.1.4 ehT noisserpmoc suludom of the rebbur morf .nemiceps enarbmem tonnac eb derusaem yltcerid tub 2 nosirapmoC htiw eht dedrocer ssam fo eht -iceps yam eb demussa ot eb lauqe ot the suludom nem erofeb gnitset sedivorp a kcehc no eht -repmi ytilibaem fo eht rebbur enarbmem fi retaw sah neeb derusaem ni .noisnetxe ehT noisnetxe suludom desu as :ht gnitarepo diulf ni eht .llec of a laitnerefmucric pirts ( 25 ) mm ediw tuc morf the enarbmem yam eb denimreted yb snaem of the tnemegnarra nwohs ni .giF 1. 6 SNOITALUCLAC ehT tcatnoc faces neewteb the rebbur dna the ssalg rods dluohs eb detsud htiw clat powder 6.1 gnidroccA ot the erudecorp nevig ni siht ot ecuder .noitcirf dradnats the ecnereffid neewteb the laitini gnidaer dna yna tneuqesbus gnidaer of the 7 GNITROPER FO STLUSER gnidaol gnirusaem ecived si the laixa daol deilppa ot the nemiceps ni noitidda ot that eud 7.1 ehT snoisnemid of each test ,nemiceps ot llec .erusserp the klub ,ytisned the erutsiom ,tnetnoc the 4 SI 2720 ( Part 11) : 1993 l:ec ,erusserp eht eulav fo eht mumixam 7.1.2 The epyt fo relpmas and dohtem fo lapicnirp stress ecnereffid ( al-a, ,) and eht sampling ni eht dleif shall eb .detroper gnidnopserroc strain and emit ot eruliaf and 7.2 ehT raehs sretemarap shal1 eb deniatbo eht etar fo strain at hcihw eht tset was -udnoc morf a tolp fo rhoM selcric rof hcihw esoprup detc shall eb .detroper kaep seulav fo lapicnirp stress :tnereffid ro lapicnirp stress oitar ro eht etamitlu eulav as 7.1.1 nehW deriuqer eht niarts-sserts evruc fo derised yam eb .desu eht tset shall eb dettolp htiw eht laixa strain as abscissa and eht lapicnirp stress ecnereffid 7.3 A amroforp rof eht drocer fo eht tset as .etanidro stluser is nevig ni xennA A. NAEM LENGTH FO )t*d(H+)t2-d-l(ZeENARBMEM LOAD PER 2Smm= y EXTENSION LOAD PERem MODULUS(M! = STRAIN EXTENSION STRAIN = MEAN LENGTH W FIG. 1 APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE EXTENSION MODULUS OF RUBBER MBMBRANE
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