IS 1655: Zinc alloys - Code of practice for manufacture of pressure die castings

17 Pages·1991·1.8 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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IS 1655 (1991): Zinc alloys - Code of practice for
manufacture of pressure die castings [MTD 9: Lead, Zinc,
Cadmium, Tin, Antimony and their Alloys]
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“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै”
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IS 1655:1991

CILLATEM SLAIRETAM - CNIZ SYOLLA -
EDOC FO ECITCARP ROF ERUTCAFUNAM
FO ERUSSERP EID SGNITSAC
( Second Revisiolz )
UDC 669’5’5- 143’2

0 BIS 1991
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

ecirP puorG 5
Lead, ,cniZ ,muimdaC ,niT ynomitnA dna riehT syollA lanoitceS ,eettimmoC DTM 9
DROWEROF
sihT naidnI dradnatS ( dnoceS noisiveR ) was adopted yb the uaeruB of naidnI ,sdradnatS after the
draft dezilanif yb the Lead, ,cniZ ,muimdaC ,niT ynomitnA dna riehT syollA lanoitceS eettimmoC
had neeb devorppa yb the lacigrullateM gnireenignE noisiviD .licnuoC
sihT dradnats was tsrif dehsilbup ni 1960 dna yltneuqesbus desiver ni 1968. sA a tluser of
ecneirepxe deniag gnirud these sraey dna tneuqesbus snoisiver of SI 713 : 1981 cniZ‘ esab yolla
stogni for eid sgnitsac ( seco& revision )’ dna SI 742 : 198 1 cniZ‘ esab yolla eid sgnitsac ( nlloces
revision )‘, ti has osla neeb dediced ot esiver ti .osla
I erusserP eid gnitsac ni cniz yolla sedivorp snaem for a yrev dipar noitcudorp of gnireenigne dna
deilla stnenopmoc dna stimrep ycnacirtni of .ngised tI has suoivbo segatnavda nehw a tnenopmoc
si deriuqer ni egral .seititnauq nI case of gnireenigne ,stnenopmoc ,revewoh lacinahcem seitreporp
dna ytilibarud are tnatropmi .snoitaredisnoc roF siht ,nosaer the tseb erutaef of ngised dluohs cb
deyolpme dna mumitpo gnitsac euqinhcet eb adopted.
cniZ yolla eid gnitsac lliw evig yrotcafsitas ecnamrofrep ni ,ecivres ylno nehvl yeht are free morf
noitanimatnoc yb niatrec stnemele lufmrah ot rieht lacinahcem seitreporp dna noisorroc .ecnatsiser
tI ,si therefore, laitnesse that these stnemele ,dna ni ,ralucitrap ,dael ,nit ,muimdac muillaht dna
muidni dluohs ton eb tneserp ni eid sgnitsac ni snoitroporp rehgih naht those detacidni ni
SI 742 : 1981.
nehW seilppus of eid sgnitsac are deriuqer ni ecnadrocca htiw siht code, ti si elbarised that htob the
yriuqne dna the order dluohs state eiD gnitsaC ot eb ni ecnadrocca htiw the snoitadnemmocer of
siht dradnats [ see os/u 4.1, 22.3, 24.1, 31.1(c) dna 34.1 1.
sihT desiver code keeps ni weiv the 1.irutcafunam 1 g dna trade secitcarp dewollof ni the yrtnuoc ni
siht .dleif nI gniraperp siht ,noisiver ecnatsissa has osla neeb devired morf the :gniwollof
I-dV tneinilithciR : .ssugkcurD lDV 2501 : 3’50 ( I-DV noitacificepS : erusserp sgnitsac ).
niereV rehcstueD .erueinegnJ
SB 5338 : 1976 cniZ yolla erusserp eid gnitsac for .gnireenigne hsitirB sdradnatS .noitutitsnI
ro:l the esoprup of gnidiced whether a ralucitrap tnemeriuqer of siht dradnats si deilpmoc ,htiw the
lanif ,eulav devresbo or ,detaluclac gnisserpxe the tluser of a test or ,sisylana llahs eb dednuor off

ni ecnadrocca htiw SI 2 : 1960 seluR‘ for gnidnl:or off laciremun seulav ( desil\er )‘. ehT rebmun
of tnacifingis secalp deniater ni the dednuor Tfo eulav dluohs eb the emas as that of the deificeps
eulav ni siht .dradnats
IS 1655 : 1991
Indian Standard
METALLIC MATERIALS-ZINC ALLOYS-
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR MANUFACTURE
OF PRESSURE DIE CASTINGS
( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE 3.8 stresnI - Shaped ,seceip ylnommoc of ,latem
hcihw are detresni ni the eid dna suht emoceb
sihT dradnats srevoc the code of ecitcarp ot largetni htiw the .gnitsac
eb adopted ni the erutcafunam of cniz yolla
erusserp eid .sgnitsac revetahW the noitacilppa 3.9 ralunargretnI noisorroC - A epyt of -orroc
yam ,eb ti si laitnesse ot esu the cniz eid gnitsac nois hcihw yllaitnereferp attacks niarg seiradnuob
syolla gnimrofnoc ot SI 713 : 198 I cniZ‘ esab of slatem or syolla gnitluser ni deep .noitartenep
yolla stogni for eid sgnitsac ( second revision ).’
3.10 wolfrevO lleW - A recess ni a ,eid -tcennoc
ed ot eid ytivac yb a gate, etomer morf the
2 SECNEREFER
ecnartne gate.
ehT naidnl sdradnatS detsil woleb are
yrassecen stcnujda ot siht :dradnats 3.11 gnitraP eniL - ehT enalp or senalp across
hcihw the die opens.
SI No. Title
3.12 Plunger - ehT notsip ,hcihw gnitarepo ni a
713 : 1981 cniZ esab yolla stogni for eid ,rednilyc forces netlom latem otni the .eid
sgnitsac ( second revision )
3.13 ytisoroP - sdioV or pores gnitluser morf
742 : 1981 cniZ esab yolla eid sgnitsac
trapped ria gas or egaknirhs ni .gnitsac
( second revision )
1340 : 1977 Code of ecitcarp for etamorhc 3.14 erusserP Die Casting - A dohtem of gnitsac
noisrevnoc sgnitaoc no cniz dna stnenopmoc yb gnicrof netlom latem rednu
muimdac coated selcitra dna erusserp otni a tilps latem eid no a gnitsac-eid
cniz esab syolla (jirst revision ) ;enihcam osla the gnitsac gnitluser morf siht
process.
4828 : 1983 detalportcelE sgnitaoc of copper,
lekcin dna muimorhc no cniz
dna cniz syolla (Jirst revision ) 3.15 gnihcneuQ - ehT dipar gnilooc of a gnitsac
yb noisremmi ni water.

SECTION 1 GENERAL’ 3.16 rennuR - A lennahc ni the eid hguorht
hcihw netlom latem passes otni the gate dna -bus
3 YGOLONIMRET yltneuqes sllif the eid .ytivac sihT mret si osla
deilppa ot the sulprus latem hcihw seifidilos ni
3.1 roF the esoprup of siht ,dradnats the -wollof
siht .lennahc
gni snoitinifed llahs .ylppa
3.2 tiucsiB - See .guls 3.17 Slug - ehT sulprus latem morf the noitcejni
rednilyc of a rebmahc-dloc enihcam hcihw si
3.3 eiD ytivaC - ehT noisserpmi ni the eid ni attached ot the .rennur oslA dellac a .tiucsiB
the shape of the deriuqer .tnenopmoc
3.18 yarpS - A gnitsac or ,sgnitsac etelpmoc
3.4 Draft - ehT taper nevig ot ,sllaw cores dna htiw eurps or guls gnitluser morf a elgnis gnitsac
other parts of the eid ytivac ot timrep ysae noitarepo of ‘shot’.
noitceje of the .gnitsac
3.19 eurpS - ehT latem attached ot the srennur
3.5 rotcejE sniP - sdoR hcihw force the gnitsac
hcihw seifidilos ni the eurps hsub no a -toh
tuo of the eid .ytivac
rebmahc .enihcam
3.6 Gate - tahT part of the eid hguorht hcihw
the latem sretne the eid ytivac morf the .rennur 3.20 ,ytilibatS lanoisnemiD - ytilibA of na alloy
ot niamer degnahcnu ni ezis or shape.
3.7 noitcejnI rednilyC - ehT rebmahc that, ni
noitcnujnoc htiw the ,regnulp selbane netlom 3.21 Vent - noisivorP ni the eid ot timrep the
latem ot eb forced otni the .eid escape of ria morf the eid ytivac or wolfrevo .llew

1
IS 1655:1991
lanoisnemid ytilibats dna retteb esnopser ot a
4 CONSULTATION OF DESIGN
gnizilibats tnemtaert where ylemertxe esolc -relot
It si deredisnoc tsom elbarised ot evah na secna are .deificeps tI si osla erom tnatsiser ot
ylrae dna suounitnoc noitarepo-oc neewteb the noisorroc naht ,1uC4lAnZ ti si erom elitcud dna
eid caster dna the resahcrup litnu the ngised of sniater sti hgih tcapmi htgnerts gnirud degnolorp
the gnitsac has neeb agreed to. ecivres at .C°001
7.1.1 erehW these snoitaredisnoc are ton -ropmi
SECTION 2 MATERIALS AND ,tnat luC4lAnZ si semitemos preferred no tnuocca
COIVIPONENTS of sti ylthgils greater htgnerts dna .ssendrah
5 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 8 MODEERF MORF STCEFED
5.1 ehT cisab stnemeriuqer for stnenopmoc for cniZ yolla eid sgnitsac dluohs eb free morf lla
gnireenigne dna deilla sesu are ,htgnerts larutcurts defects denoitnem rednu 6.1, 6.2 dna 6.3 of
,ssendnuos ytilibarud dna lanoisnemid .ycarucca SI 742 : .IS91
nI ,noitidda erusserp ssenthgit si netfo a .ytissecen
9 GNIHSINIF
5.1.1 nehW gniredisnoc ,htgnerts ti si yrassecen
ot take tnuocca of those stresses hcihw yam eb 9.1 ecnatsiseR of cniz syolla ot cirehpsomta -roc
devlovni gnirud ylbmessa dna hcihw yam llew noisor si good dna ylno lamronba snoitidnoc
exceed those tem ni .ecivres ecnawollA yam dnamed evitcetorp .serusaem ylevissecxE pmad
evah ot eb edam for the lavomer of niatrec -moc snoitacol llac for a etamorhc tnemtaert dna
stnenop or parts thereof for cidoirep .noitcepsni snoitallatsni exposed ot yrev ereves ,snoitidnoc
esehT sliated yam nrecnoc ton ylno the lareneg hcus as pmad roiretni ,sllaw eriuqer the added
htgnerts of the ,stnenopmoc tub ylralucitrap the noitcetorp of suonimutib or a elbatius tniap after
htgnerts of screw threads, llams ,sessob etc. .gnitamorhc ,yllamroN where tniap or lemane
gnitaoc si ,derised ti si yrassecen ot yolpme a
6 SEGATNAVDA DNA NOITATIMIL FO yrotaraperp phosphate tnemtaert or, ,ylevitanretla
CNIZ YOLLA EID SGNITSAC a etamorhc tnemtaert gniylpmoc htiw SI 1340 :
1977.
6.1 erusserP eid gnitsac ni cniz yolla si a dipar
dohtem of ,noitcudorp yllaicepse nehw egral 9.1.1 oT trapmi retteb ecafrus noitcetorp dna a
seititnauq are .deriuqer ehT ytidiulf of cniz gnisaelp ,ecnaraeppa cniz yolla eid sgnitsac yam
syolla stimrep xelpmoc shapes ot eb cast ni niht eb .detalportcele ehT gnitalp dluohs eb deirrac
snoitces dna htiw great ycarucca of .snoisnemid tuo ni ecnadrocca htiw SI 4828 : 1983.
esehT sgnitsac evah tnellecxe lacisyhp dna
lacinahcem seitreporp dna eriuqer a muminim of 9.1.2 nehW desaercni ecnatsiser ot wear si
.gninihcam ehT sgnitsac osla take no cinagro ,derised a hard muimorhc gnitalp yam eb .desu
dna cillatem sgnitaoc ot edivorp added noitcetorp ehT noisorroc dna noisarba seitreporp yam osla
morf noisorroc as osla retteb .ecnaraeppa eb devorpmi yb the gnizidona of .cniz
6.1.1 cniZ yolla eid sgnitsac are elbatiusnu as
10 MECHANICAL PROPERTlES
stnenopmoc ot eb detcejbus ot serutarepmet
evoba C°051 ni ecivres dna fi the stnenopmoc are 10.1 nehW a tnenopmoc ylsuoiverp edam ni
ot eb stressed, a erutarepmet of C°001 dluohs ton rehtona lairetam si gnieb dengiseder as cniz yolla
eb exceeded. eid ,gnitsac eud ecnawolla dluohs eb edam for
yna ecnere‘lfid ni lacinahcem .seitreporp -neppA
6.1.2 erehT are secnatsni ni hcihw serutarepmet xid A of SI 742 : 1981 sevig sliated of the
woleb lamron are ,deretnuocne for ,elpmaxe ni, lacinahcem seitreporp of cniz yolla eid .sgnitsac
.srotaregirfer cniZ syolla ogrednu a llaf ni
tcapmi ,htgnerts hguoht ton ni elisnet htgnerts at 10.2 Other lacinahcem dna lacisyhp seitreporp
lamron-bus .serutarepmet tI ,si therefore, -noc of cniz yolla eid sgnitsac are nevig ni xennA .A
deredis yrassecen that stnenopmoc cast ni cniz
,yolla nehw deriuqer for esu at wol serutarepmet
11 DIMENSIONAL CHANGES
dna hcihw yam reffus shock gnidaol ni ,ecivres
dluohs eb denehtgnerts yb elbatius gnibbir or 11.1 cniZ yolla eid sgnitsac ogrednu yrev llams
esaercni of snoitces or ni emertxe cases yb lanoisnemid segnahc no ,gniega hcihw for tsom
tnemecrofnier htiw other ,slairetam hcus as .leets lacitcarp ,sesoprup are .tnacifingisni 41AnZ dna
ecneirepxE has nwohs that cniz wolla eid sgnitsac luC4lAnZ tibihxe a llams egaknirhs hcihw starts
yam eb desu at wol erutarepmet htiw siht yletaidemmi after gnitsac dna proceeds at a
.draugefas gnihsinimid rate revo a doirep of .raey ehT
gnizilibats tnemtaert nevig ni xidnepnA B of
7 CHOICE OF ALLOY SI 742 : f981 seziminim the tneuiesbus segnahc
ylralucitrap ni respect of .41AnZ
7.1 4lAnZ gnimrofnoc ot SI 742 : 1981 llahs eb
ylbairavni detceles for gnireenigne .snoitacilppa 11.1.1 ehT edutingam of lanoisnemid segnahc
tI has the egatnavda revo luC4lAnZ of greater si nevig ni xidneppA A of SI 742 : 1981.

2
IS 1655:1991
SECTION 3 DESIGN 16 UNDERCUT SECTIONS
12 GENERAL AIMS tucrednU snoitces are ,elbissimrep tub
dluohs ylbareferp eb ,dediova esuaceb yeht add
12.1 oT erusne etelpmoc noitcafsitas htiw the ot the cost of the eid dna decrease the rate of
ecnamrofrep of yna cniz yolla eid ,sgnitsac luferac
.gnitsac tI si netfo elbissop ot etanimile meht yb
noitaredisnoc dluohs eb nevig ni the tsrif ecnatsni
gniyfidom the .ngised
ot sti ,ngised hcihw dluohs eb dehsilbatse yb esolc
noitarepooc neewteb the resahcrup dna the eid
caster. sihT si ylralucitrap yrassecen nehw cniz 17 STELLIF
yolla eid sgnitsac are gnieb detutitsbus for other
.slairetam nI hcus ,secnatsni gningiseder yam stelliF dluohs eb desu ot etanimile sharp
netfo dael ot ymonoce of latem dna tey tluser ni .srenroc yehT etatilicaf latem wolf hguorht the
a tnenopmoc hcihw si regnorts naht that hcihw si eid dna nehtgnerts the tnenopmoc yb gnidiova
gnieb .decalper noitartnecnoc of stresses. A muminim suidar of
0’5 mm dluohs eb ,devresbo tub regral iidar are
12.2 cniZ yolla erusserp eid gnitsac dluohs eb so dednemmocer dna ni fact a suidar of 0’75 mm si
dengised that ti ton ylno steem the ecivres -er ton .evissecxe edisnI srenroc dluohs ylbareferp
,stnemeriuq tub osla seidobme these serutaef evah a suidar of at tsael 1’5 .mm
hcihw timrep ease of .noitcudorp roF ,elpmaxe
neddus segnahc ni noitces dna sharp srenroc
dluohs eb ;dediova ti si elbareferp ot esu 18 EXTERIOR CORNERS
etairporppa noitces ssenkciht (see 13 ). ehT
greatest egatnavda lliw eb deniatbo fi the -moc Sharp roiretxe ,srenroc except at the gnitrap
tnenop si so dengised as ot ecuder gninihcam enil of the eid add ot the cost of eid .noitcurtsnoc
snoitarepo ot a .muminim yehT dluohs eb dednuor ,ylthgils where .elbissop
12.3 tI si yrassecen that the ngised dluohs wolla
the evifcef‘ie noitacol of the gates dna stnev ni the 19 BOSSES
eid .ytivac ehT tnemegnarra of these serutaef yam
affect the ytilauq of the sgnitsac .decudorp
largetnI sessob are yltneuqerf dedivorp for
,sduts ,snip ,stlob screws, etc, deriuqer for sesoprup
13 NOITCES - SSENKCIHT of .ylbmessa yehT dluohs eb nevig a tellif at rieht
.esab
ssenkcihT of noitces dluohs eb the muminim
tnetsisnoc htiw etauqeda .htgnerts noitcudeR of
,noitces-ssorc apart morf ymonoce ni ,lairetam 20 STUDS
sevig greater htgnerts per tinu .ssenkciht Larger
snoitces etomorp the ecnerrucco of ytisorop dna
largetnI sduts yam osla eb desu tub yeht
dluohs eb dediova yb elbatius noitaretla ni .ngised
dluohs eb of tneicilfus retemaid ni noitaler ot the
rennihT snoitces etarelecca gnilooc dna suht
ezis dna thgiew of the gnitsac ot dnatshtiw
esaercni the rate of .noitcudorp ooT niht a
egamad ni gnildnah dna ;ecivres yeht osla dluohs
noitces ,yam ,revewoh erefretni htiw latem wolf evah a tellif at rieht .esab ehT htgnel of llams
ni the eid dna dael ot noitrotsid or egakaerb no
sduts dluohs ton eb greater naht eciwt rieht
.noitceje ehT llaw ssenkciht of llams sgnitsac yam
.retemaid sdutS of 12 mm retemaid or revo yam
eb as llams as 0’4 ,mm gnisir ot 2 mm for egral
evah greater lanoitroporp .htgnel esehT sduts
.sgnitsac tI si laitnesse that snoitcuder ni -kciht
yam eb decudorp htiw cast threads.
,ssen ylralucitrap ni the rewol ,segnar are dediced
nopu after .noitatlusnoc
21 THREADS
14 SBIR
ehT esu of gninehtgnerts sbir spleh ni the 21.1 sdaerhT revo 1 mm hctip lanretxe( or
)lanretni yam eb cast. nI ,ecitcarp ,revewoh cast
noitcuder of llaw .ssenkciht ehT ssenkciht of the
lanretni threads modles evorp erom lacimonoce
bir dluohs ton exceed 80 tnecrep of ssenkciht of
naht demrof or tapped ,seno yllaicepse ni seloh of
the noitces fi shadow skram are ot eb dediova no
llams .retemaid lanretxE threads detacol across a
the esrever face of noitces ssel naht 2’5 mm ni
gnitrap enil ni the eid are netfo cast, ylralucitrap
.ssenkciht
fi yeht are coarse dna of egral .retemaid yehT are
retal chased, fi ycarucca sdnamed siht .noitarepo
15 YTIMROFINU FO SSENKCIHT
nI order ot etatilicaf noitcudorp dna ot 21.2 ehT dednemmocer muminim thread retemaid
eziminim ecnelubrut of the latem wolf ni the eid si 10 mm for renni dna 8 mm for retuo threads.
hcihw yam tluser ni dnuosnu senoz ni a ,gnitsac
neddus segnahc of llaw ssenkciht dluohs eb
.dediova esehT segnahc osla esuac stress 21.3 tI si ton elbissop ot cast yrev enif threads of
noitartnecnoc dna nekaew the .gnitsac erauqs dna ladiozepart htiw a llams taper .elgna

3
IS ~1655. : .199)L
22 CAST-IN INSERTS 26 CORED HOLES
22.1 stresnI of other slairetam arc deyolpme ni ehT retemaid of cored seloh dluohs ton eb
cnir yolla eid sgnitsac ot :edivorp ssel naht 0’6 .mm ehT mumixam depth of
’hguorht‘ seloh dluohs ton exceed 8 semit the
6 > l)anoitidda ,htgnerts retemaid dna ni the case of dnilb ,seloh ruof
yllacol desaercni ,ssendrah semit the .retemaid elbatpeccA htped/retemaid
c) gniraeb ,secafrus soitar are nevig ni xennA .C
)d devorpmi lacirtcele ,scitreporp
Cl passages esiwrehto tlucilfid ot cast, SECTION 4 WORKING PRACTICE
f) passages dednetni ot yrrac evisorroc ,aidem
27 DIE CASTING MACHINE
6) seitilicaf for deredlos ,snoitcennoc dna
h) snaem for reisae .ylbmessa 27.1 ylnO those eid gnitsac senihcam ni hcihw
erusserp si deilppa yb evitom -rewop hguorht the
muidem of a regnulp yam eb deredisnoc elbatius
22.2 htoB cillatem dna cillatem-non stresni of
for the noitcudorp of cniz yolla eid sgnitsac for
elbatius slairetam yam eb .desu detalP stresni yam
lacitirc snoitacilppa gnidnamed mumixam htgnerts
eb ,desu tub muimdac or nit sgnitaoc are .lufmrah
dna .ssendnuos A erusserp no the latem of at
dezinavlaG stresni are ot eb preferred.
tsael 10 2mm/N si yllareneg .yrassecen tceriD ria
or dnah operated senihcam are ton dednemmocer
22.3 tI si yrassecen ot rohcna the tresni yleruces
for these .snosaer
dna gnilrunk ,gnivoorg or emos mrof of -rednu
gnittuc dluohs eb ,deyolpme gnidneped no the
27.2 ehT eid gnitsac enihcam dluohs eb detceles
deriuqer htgnerts of .egarohcna stresnI dluohs eb
ot edivorp elpma yticapac for noitcudorp of the
derutcafunam ot esolc ,secnarelot ecnis yeht
.tnenopmoc trapA morf the noitseuq of erusserp
,emoceb ni effect a gnikrow part of the .eid
no the ,latem the emulov of latem decalpsid yb
22.4 noitatlusnoC htiw the eid caster si elbarised the regnulp per shot dna the mumixam dettimrep
no suoirav parts gnitaler ot the esu of stresni ni detcejorp area of gnitsac dluohs eb nekat otni
eid .sgnitsac .tnuocca
23 LETTERING 27.3 ehT enihcam dluohs eb ni good lacinahcem
.noitidnoc laicepS noitnetta dluohs eb detoved
eniF liated of gnirettel dna sngised yam eb ot the regnulp metsys ot eb niatrec that ti si
decudorper no the ecafrus of cmz yolla eid gnitarepo yltneiciffe tuohtiw ssol of erusserp or
.sgnitsac desiaR gnirettel no the gnitsac si ot eb yaled ni the noitacilppa of ,erusserp after the
preferred ot knus gnirettel morf the tniop of weiv eid ytivac has neeb yletelpmoc .dellif
of eid cost, dna where gnirettel hsulf htiw the
ecafrus si ,laitnesse ti si elbareferp that ti yam eb
27.4 ehT gniwollof two sepyt of eid gnitsac
ni the mrof of desiar gnirettel no a recessed .lenap
senihcam are yllapicnirp desu ni the noitcudorp
of cniz yolla eid :sgnitsac
24 SNOISNEMID

4 rebmahC-toH enihcaM (see .giF 1 ) - nI
24.1 ehT snoisnemid of the eid sgnitsac llahs eb siht eid gnitsac ,enihcam the erusserp si
as nwohs no the gniward deilppus yb the
deilppa ot the netlom latem yltcerid
resahcrup dna nihtiw secnarelot ot eb agreed
hguorht regnulp gnillevart ni a rednilyc
ot neewteb the resahcrup dna the .rerutcafunam
woleb the level of the netlom latem ni the
24.1.1 secnareloT dluohs ton eb deificeps erom pot, the regnulp si operated rehtie yb ria
ylesolc naht si ,yrassecen ecnis siht yllareneg adds erusserp or erom yllausu yb the noitaciippa
ot the cost of .noitcudorp of erusserp morf a ciluardyh .diulf lateM
noitcejni serusserp ni siht epyt of senihcam
24.1.2 dednemmoceR secnarelot for raenil -nemid
are of the order of 10 .2mm/N
snois of eid are detartsulli ni xennA .B
b) rebmahC-dloC enihcaM (see .giF 2 ) -
25 STFARD sihT epyt of enihcam si erom ylediw desu
for eid gnitsac ,muinimula muisengam dna
nO cored seloh dna edis sllaw draft dluohs copper esab ,syolla ,hcihw fi ni suounitnoc
syawla eb as suoreneg as elbissop ot etatilicaf tcatnoc htiw the srednilyc dna sregnulp
dipar dna cimonoce noitcudorp of sgnitsac dna desu ni the rebmahc-toh ,enihcam dluow
good .efil-eid nI laiceps cases the draft yam eb attack ,meht the netlom latem si deldal
,decuder yb tnemegnarra htiw the eid caster, ot otni the latnoziroh rednilyc hguorht a
yrev llams .seulav Draft no sllaw si yllamron ylbatius decalp edis port hcihw si derevoc
neewteb 1” dna 2” per .edis wollahS ,sbir ,revewoh yb the notsip nehw the shot si .edam
eriuqer erom draft ( 5” - 10” ) hguohtla for sbir erehT si on eurps as ni the case of -toh
hcihw are ni enil htiw egaknirhs as, for ,ecnatsni rebmahc ;senihcam daetsni the eid si
spokes of a leehw rellams draft si erom detnuom esolc ot the dne of the ,rednilyc
.elbatpecca dna ylno a ylevitaler llams guls sniamer

4
IS. :1?55s.j‘~199:1
attached ot the gnitsac nehw ti si devomer 30 EID ERUTAREPMET
morf the .eid hgiH latem noitcejni serusserp
are elbissop yb siht ;dohtem serusserp ni 30.1 ehT correct eid erutarepmet si eno at hcihw
the noiger of 40 ot 140 2mm/N are gnieb sgnitsac of good ytilauq yam eb .decudorp
.desu sihT enihcam yam osla eb desu for
cniz ,syolla tub for faster dna elpmis 30.1.1 ehT accepted eid erutarepmet egnar si
snoitarepo rebmahc-toh enihcam si C°081 ot C°062 for htob 41AnZ dna .luC4lAnZ
preferred. fI eid serutarepmet ni excess of siht egnar are
dnuof yrassecen ot niatta a yrotcafsitas ecafrus
28 SSENILNAELC FO GNIKKOW noitidnoc nehw gnisu netlom latem nihtiw the
dednemmocer erutarepmet ,egnar the gnilooc
naelC snoitidnoc of gnikrofw are na etulosba ,metsys of the eid dluohs eb .deifidom -
.ytissecen tI si of tsomtu ecnatropmi that where
4lAnZ dna uC4lAnZ 1 are gnieb worked, the two
31 DEMIALCER LATEM
syolla dluohs eb ylluferac segregated morf each
other. ,411 slatem dna rehto.syolla naht the -ucitrap
31.1 ehT esu of scrap ni eid gnitsac dluohs eb
ral cniz eid gnitsac yolla dluohs eb ylsuolupurcs kept
dediova as far as .elbissop fI scrap si ot eb ,desu
yawa morf the ytiniciv of the eid gnitsac enihcam
the gniwollof snoitidnoc llahs eb devresbo
dna snoituacerp dluohs eb nekat ot erusne that
(see 3.3, 3.3.1 dna 3.4 of SI 742 : 1981 ).
on scrap latem of yna noitpircsed si ylsselerac
nworht otni the gnitlem pot. syollA gniniatnoc(
)a Scrap desu ni the erutcafunam of eid
,dael ,nit ,muimdac etc), hcus as nit ,liof dael
sgnitsac llahs eb devired morf the s’reilppus
liof dna ,sredlos are ot eb kept yawa .yllaicepse
nwo noitcudorp morf stogni gnimrofnoc ot
SI 713 : 89I I of naelc tcejer ,sgnitsac free
29 LATEM ERUTAREPMET
morf ,styesni together htiw ,setag-naelc
seurps dna wolfrevo ;sllew
ehT latem erutarepmet dluohs eb tsewol
tnetsisnoc htiw the noitcudorp of sgnitsac of good b) sgnitsaC htiw stresni yam eb ,desu dedivorp
ecafrus ecnaraeppa‘ dna lanretni .ssendnuos hcuS the scrap si detlemer otni stogni dna
snoitidnoc dluohs liaverp nihtiw the egnar of dezylana for ;ytirup atd
erutarepmet C°004 ot C°014 no hot rebmahc
,enihcam dna C°014 ot C°024 for dloc rebmahc cl erehW the resahcrup so ,seriuqer the -orp
.senihcam citamotuA erutarepmet gnillortnoc noitrop of scrap ot nigriv yolla stogni llahsr
tnempiuqe dluohs eb dellatsni dna sti ycarucca eb agreed ot neewteb the resahcrup dna
the
checked at raluger .slavretni .rerutcafunam
WATER COOLING CHANNEL
TO ACCELERATE SOLlDlFlCAllON
OF INJECTED METAL
I
1 EJECTOR PIN
GATE ------Y

INJECTION PLUNGER
FILLING PORT
s RMOLTEN METAL~$&&
FIXED
PLATEN
FIXED DIE HALF
MOVING DIE HALF
MOVING PLATEN
?~?Z~~URNACE CASING ///////////n
FIG. 1 A TYPICAL HOT-&AMBER MACHINE

5