IS 15607: Bio-diesel (B 100) blend stock for diesel fuel

2005·1.3 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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IS 15607 (2005): Bio-diesel (B 100) blend stock for diesel
fuel [PCD 3: Petroleum, Lubricants and their Related
Products]
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IS15607:2005
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Indian Standard
BIO-DIESEL ( B100) BLEND STOCK FOR DIESEL
FUEL — SPECIFICATION
ICS 75.160.20

0 BIS2005
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 B AHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
October 2005 Price Group 3
Petroleum, Lubricants andTheir Related Products Sectional Committee, PCD3
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted bythe Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Petroleum,
Lubricants and Their Related Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and
Related Products Division Council.
Environmental regulations continue to be the major driver for auto and oil industry. Biofiels — Ethanol and
Bio-diesel — are gaining worldwide acceptance as a solution to environmental problems and energy security.
Bio-diesel isgaining popularity inUS, Brazil, Australia, Sweden andother European countries.
Bio-diesel is made from virgin or used vegetable oils ( both edible and non-edible ) and animal fats through
trans-esterification. Risfinding use asan automotive fuel for diesel engines at 100percent concentration, or as
an extender for automotive fuels for diesel engines. Diesel engines require very little or no modification touse
the bio-diesel up to 20 percent blend in normal diesel fuel and minor modification for higher percentage
blends. The use of bio-diesel results in substantial reduction of un-burnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and
particulate matter. It has almost no sulphur, no aromatics and about 10percent built-in oxygen which help in
ensuring complete combustion. Its higher Cetane Number also improves the combustion. Bio-diesel besides
helping inreducing the air pollution, improves lubricity of lowsulphur diesel fuels required for meeting Euro 111
and Euro IVemission norms.
While Sunflower and Rapeseed are the raw materials used in Europe for manufacturing bio-diesel, Soya bean
is mostly used in USA. Thailand uses palm oil, Ireland uses frying oil and animal fats. In India, edible oil is
not expected to be used for production of bio-diesel as its demand being higher than its domestic production
Keeping in view the climatic conditions and availability of considerable under stocked forest land and
non-forest land, it isenvisaged that Jafropha Curcas and F’ongamia finnata ( ‘Honge’ or ‘Karanja’ )plants can
be cultivated profitably in India. The seeds of these plants bear rich in oil which is expected to be used for
production of bio-diesel through t rans-esterification incombination with methanol or ethanol.

Bio-diesel isnon-toxic and biodegradable and isregistered with Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA)asa
fuel and fuel additive.
This standard is prepared keeping in view of the end use application, production and feed stock availability.
Considerable assistance has been drawn from ASTM D6751-02 and EN 142i4while preparing this standatd.
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation ofthis standard isgiven inAnnex B.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final
value. observed or calculated, expressing the resuit of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance
with 1S2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained
inthe rounded off value should bethe same as that of the specified value inthis standard.
IS 15607:2005
Indian Standard
BIO-DIESEL ( B 100) BLEND STOCK FOR DIESEL
FUEL — SPECIFICATION .
1 SCOPE IS No. Zitle
This standard prescribes the requirements and [P:21] :1992 Flash point ( closed ) by Pensky
methods of sampling and tests for bio-diesel Martens apparatus ( second
suitable for fuel indiesel engines. revision )
Bio-diesel isafattyacid alkyl(methyl orethyl)ester [P:25] :1976 Determinaticm of kinematic and
for use as a blend component ( up to 20 percent ) dynamic viscosity (jh-st revision)
with diesel fuel meeting the requirements of
IS 1460 ‘Automotive diesel fhel—Specification’. [P:32] :1992 Densityandrelativedensity(second
revision )
2 REFERENCES
[P:40] :1987 Water by distillation ( third
The following standards contain provisions,
revision )
which through reference in this text constitute
provisions of this standard. At the time of [P:83] :1974 Determination of sulphur by
publication the editions indicated were valid, All Wickbold oxy hydrogen method
standards are subject to revision and parties to
3 REQUIREMENTS
agreements based on this standard are encouraged
to investigate the possibility of applying the most 3.1 General
recent editions of the standards indicated below:
The term‘Bio-diesel’ refers to mono alkyl ( methyl
IS No, Title or ethyl ) esters of vegetable oils like Rapeseed,
Soyabean,Sunflower,Jatropha Curcas, Karanja, etc,
l~(jo Pictorial marking forhandling and
andotherfats.Thebio-diesel specified shallbemono-
(Partl ): 1973 Iabelling of goods: Part 1
alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids from vegetable
Dangerous goods (first revision )
oil and animal fats, with which small amounts of
1460:2005 Automotive diesel fuel -– hydrocarbon or non-hydrocarbon additives
Specification (first revision ) ( see Annex A ) may have been incorporated to
improve ignition or other characteristics. The
1447 Petroleum and its products —
materials shall be free from grit, suspended matter
(Part 1): 2000 Methodsofsampli n g:Part 1Manual
andother visible impurities.
sampling (first revision )
3.1.1 The bio-diesel shall not contain.anyresiduum
1448 Methods of test for petroleum and
oil.
its products:
3.1.2 Dyes ormarkers are allowed tobeused forthe
[P:l/Sec l]: Determination of acid number of
purpose of identification.
2002 petroleum products by
potentiometric titration ( second 3.2 The material shall also comply with the
revision ) requirements prescribed in Table 1 when tested
according to the appropriate methods prescribed
[P:4J:1984 Ash, sulfated ash and water
in IS 1448 [ P : ] series and others as given in
soluble ash (second revision )
COI4and 5ofTable 1.
[P:9]: 1960 Cetane number
4 PACKING AND MARKING
[P:15] :1976 Detection of copper corrosion
from petroleum products by the 4,1 Packing
copper strip tarnish test ( second
The material shalIbe packed in suitable containers
revision )
asagreed to between the purchaser and the supplier,
[P:16J: 1990 Density, relative density or API and subject to the provision of Red Tarrif No. 18
gravity of crude petroleum and Rules and Rates for the Conveyance by Rail of
liquid petroleum products by Explosives and other Dangerous Goods, issued by
hydrometer method ( third the Indian Railway Conference Association, with
revision ) any alterations or additions made thereafter.
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IS 15607:2005
4.2 Marking 4.3 BIS Certification Marking
4.2.1 The material shall be supplied inaccordance
The container mayalso bemarked with the Standard
with the marking anddelivery instructions given by
Mark.
the purchaser.
4.3.1 The use of the Standard Mark isgoverned-by
4.2.2 Each container shall be marked with the
following information: theprovisions oftheBureau ofIndian Standards Act,
1986andthe RulesandRegulations madethereunder.
a) Name and grade ofthe material; The details ofconditions under which the licence for
b) Indication of the source .of manufacture, the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to
initials ortrade-mark, ifany; manufacturers or producers may be obtained from
the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Volume of the contents, inIitres;
~)
d) Year of manufacture or packing; and
5 SAMPLING
e) The caution label {FLAMMABLE’ together
with the corresponding symbol for Representative samples of the material shall be
Iabellirtg dangerous goods as given drawn asprescribed inIS 1447( Part 1).
inFig. 5of IS 1260( Part 1).
Table 1 Requirement for Bio-Diesd
(Clause 3.2)
S1 No. Characteristic Requirement Method of Teat,Ref to
lSO/ASIM D/EN [P :] of IS 1448
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
i) Density at 15“C, kg/m3 860-900 ISO 3675 [P:16/P: 32]
1S0 12185
D 4052
ii) Kinematic viscosity at 40”C, cSt 2.5-6.0 1s0 3104 [P: 25]
iii) Flash point ( PMCC )“C, Min 120 — [P: 21]
iv) Sulphur, mg/kg, Max 50.0 D 5453 [P: 83]
v) Carbon residue(Ramsbottom )’),percentbymass,Max 0.05 D4530 ISO 10370 —
vi) Sulfated ash, percent by mass, Max 0.02 ISO 6245 [P:4]
vii) Water content, nlg/kg, Max 500 D 2709 [P: 40]

1s0 3733
1S0 6296
viii) Total contamination, mg/kg, Max 24 EN 12662
ix) Copper corrosion. 3 h at 50”C, Max 1 1S0 2160 [P: 15]
~) Cetane No., Min 51 1S05156 [P:9]
xi) Acid value, mg KOH/g, Max 0.50 — [P:l/Secl]
xii) Methanolz), percent by mass, Max 0.20 EN 14110 .
xiii) Ethano13J,percent by mass, Max 0.20 —
xiv) Ester content, percent by mass, Min 96.5 EN 14103 —
xv) Free Glycerol, percent by mass, Max 0.02 D 6584 —
xvi) ‘fOld Glycerol, percent by mass, Max 0.25 D 6584 —
xvii) Phosphorous, mg/kg, Max 10,0 D 4951 —
xviii) Sodium and Potassium, mg/kg, Max To report EN 14108 and —
EN 14109
~,\
xix) Calcium and Magnesium, mg/kg, Max To report (See’)) —
xx) Iodine value To report EN 14104 —
xxi) Oxidation stability. at 110°C, h, Min 6 EN 14112 —
1)Carbon residue shall be run on 100percent sample.
‘) Applicable for fatty acid methyl ester,
‘) Applicable for fatty acid ethyl ester.
4,European method is under development.
2
IS 15607:2005
ANNEX A
( Clause 3.1 )
LONG-TERM STORAGE OF BIO-DIESEL
A-1 SCOPE formed in fuel after it is produced. Insoluble
degradation products may combine with other fuel
This Annex provides guidance for consumers of
contaminants toreinforce deleterious effects. Soluble
bio-diesel (B100)who may wishto store quantities
degradation products (acids andgums) maybe more
of fuels for extended periods. Consistently
orlessvolatilethanthefuelandmaycauseanincrease
successful long-term fuel storage requires attention
in injector and nozzle deposits. The formation of
to fuel selection, storage conditions, and monitoring
degradation products may be catalyzed by contact
ofproperties.prior toand during storage. This Annex
with metals, especially those containing copper and,
is directed towards bio-diesel ( B100 ) and may be
to aless extent, iron.
more or less applicable to blends of bio-diesel with
petrodiesel. A-2.5 Long-Term Storage — Storage of fuel for
longer than 6months after itisreceived bythe user.
Normally produced.bio-diesel hasadequate stability
properties to withstand normal storage without the A-3 FUEL SELECTION
formation of troublesome amounts of insoluble
The stability properties of bio-diesel are not fully
degradation products, although data suggests
understood and appear to depend on the vegetable
some bio-diesel maydegrade faster than petrodiesel.
oilandanimal fatsources, severity ofprocessing, and
Bio-diesel that isto be stored for prolonged periods
whether additional production plant-treatment has
should be selected to avoid formation of sediment,
been carried out or stability additives are present.
high acid numbers, and high viscosities that canclog
filters, affect fuelpump operation orplug combustors The composition and stability properties of
nozzles or injectors. The selection of bio-diesel bio-diesel produced at specific production plants
should result from supplier-user discussions. may be different. Any special requirements of the
user, such aslong-term storage, should be discussed
These suggested practices are general in nature
with the supplier. .
and should not be considered substitutes far any
requirement imposed by the warranty of the A-4 FUEL ADDITIVES
distillate fuel equipment manufacturers or by
federal, state, or local government regulations. Available fuel additives appear to improve the long-
Although they cannot replace knowledge of local term storage ofbio-diesel. Most additives should be

conditions or good engineerin g and scientific used as-close to the production site as possible to

judgement, these suggested practi ces do provide obtain maximum benefits.
guidance in developing an individual fuel
Biocides or biostats destroy .orinhibit the growth of
management systemforthebio-diesel fiel user. They
fungi and bacteria, which can grow at fuel water
include suggestions in the operation and
interfaces to give high particulate concentrations
maintenance of existing fuel storage and handling
in the fuel. Available biocides are soluble in
facilities and for identifying where, when, and how
the fuel phase or the water phase, or both.
fuel quality should be monitored.
See ASTM D 6469 ‘Standard guide for microbial
A-2 TERMINOLOGY contamination in fuels and fuel systems’ for
additional information.
A-2.1 Bulk Fuel — Fuel in the storage facility in
quantities over 50 gallons. A-5 TESTS FOR FUEL QUALITY
A-2.2 Combustor Fuel — Fuelenteringthecombustion Test methods for estimating Ihe storage stability of
zone of the burner or engine after filtration or other bio-diesel(B100)arebeingdeveloped. Modifications
-treatment ofbulk fuel. of ASTM D2274sStandard testmethod foroxidation
stability ofdistillate fuel oil (accelerated method)’
A-2.3 Fuel Contaminants — Foreign materials that touseglassfiberfilters,varyingtimesandtemperatures,
make fuel less suitable or unsuitable forthe intended and the measurement of pre-test and post-test acid
use. Fuel contaminants include materials introduced
number and viscosity appear promising. However,
subsequent to th_emanufacture of fuel and fuel
correlation ofthistest with actual storage stability is
degradation products.
unknown and, may depend upon field conditions
and fuel composition.
A-2.4 Fuel-Degradation Products — Those materials
3
1S 15607:2005
Performance criteria for accelerated stability tests propertychanges occur. A conscientious program
that ensure satisfactory long-term storage of of measuring the acid value of bio-diesel may be
bio-diesel ( B100)have not been established. sufficient for monitoring bio-diesel stability.
A-6 -FUEL MONITORING A-7 FUEL STORAGE CONDITIONS
A plan for monitoring the quality ofbulk fuel during Contamination levels in fuel can be reduced by
prolonged storage isan integral part.ofa successful storing intankskeptfreeofwater,andtankage should
monitoring program. Aplantoreplace agedfuelwith have provisions for water draining on a scheduled
freshproduct atestablished intervals isalsodesirable. basis. Water affects the storage life of bio-diesel.
Water promotes corrosion, and microbiological
Stored fuel should be periodically sampled and its growth may occur at a fuel-water interface.
quality assessed. ASTM D4057 ‘Standard practice See ASTM D 6469 for additional information.
for manual sampling of petroleum and petroleum Underground or isothermal storage is preferred to
products’ provides guidance for sampling. Fuel avoid temperature extremes; above ground storage
contaminants and degradation products may settle tanks should be sheltered or painted with reflective
to the bottom of a quiescent tank although paint. High storage temperatures accelerate fuel
detrimental changes to bio-diesel can now occur degradation. Fixed roof tanks should bekept full to
( rising acid value ) without -causing sediment limit oxygen supply and tank breathing. The use of
formation. ABottom orClearance sample, asdefined airtight sealed containers, such as drums or totes,
inASTM D4057, shouldbeincludedintheevaluation can enhance the storage life of bio-diesel.
along with anall level sample.
Copper and copper-containing alloys should be
The quantity of insoluble fuel contaminants present avoided withbio-diesel duetoincreasedsediment and
inbio-diesel canbedetermined using ASTMD6217 deposit formation. Contact with lead, tin, and zinc
‘Standard test method for particulate contaminantion can also cause increased sediment levels that can
in lmiddle distillate fuels by laboratory filtration’ rapidly plug filters and should be avoided.
with glass fibre filters and abundant washing
,. although no precision or bias testing has been AppendixX3ofASTMD2880’Standardspecification
for gasturbine fuel oils’ discusses fuel contaminants
performed with bio-diesel using ASTMD6217.
asageneral topic. The discussion inASTM D2880
The acid value of bio-diesel appears to exceed its pertains togasturbine combustion which mayor may
specified maximum before other deleterious fuel not be applicable to diesel engine combustion.

ANNEX B
(I’orewwd )
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Petroleum Lubricants andTheir Related Products Sectional Committee, PCD 3
Organization Representative(s)
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, New Delhi DRC. M. LAMBA(Osairnrszrs )
Association of State Road Transport Undertaking (ASTRU ), SHRIP.S. SHRIMALI
Pune
Ashok Leyland Ltd, Chennai SHRIC. PRAKASH
Automotive Research Association of India, Pune SHRIM. K. CHAUOHARI
SHRIA. R. ARANKALL(EAlternate )
Bajaj Auto Ltd, Pune SHtUT. M. BALARAMAN
SHRIN. B.JOSHI(Alternate )
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd, Mumbai DRG.VASUOEV
SHRIP.PADMANABHA(NAlternate )

Castrol India Ltd. Mumbai SHRIMUKESHGUPTA
SHRIPRAKASHD. BHAT1(Alfernate )
4
IS 15607:2005
Organization Representative(s)
Centrefor Air Military Worthiness, Bangalore DRK. V.MURALI
“Centre for Consumer Education, Research Testing, SHRIR. DESIKAN
, Training and Testing ( CONCERT ), Chennai SHRIR. RAMAKRISHNA(NAlternate )
Centre for High Technology, New Delhi SHRIB.D.GHOSH
Centre for Science and Environment (CSE ), New Delhi MsANUMITAROYCHOWDHURY
SHRIVIVEKCHATTOPAOH(YAAlternate I)
SHRICHIRAGSHAH(Allernate 11)
Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd, Chennai SHRIM. S.SHYAMSUNDER
SHRIB. SAIRAM(Alterna[e )
Consumer Guidance Society of India, Mumbai DRA. R. SHENOY
SHRiN. G. WAGLE(Alternale )
Directorate General of Civil Aviation. New Delhi SHRIB.K.JOSHI
SHRIS. S. MUZUMOA(RAlternate )
Escorts Ltd, Faridabad SHRIH. C. BAHUGUNA
SHRIALOKNAYAR(Alternate )
Hero Honda Ltd, Gurgaon SHRIHARJEETSINGH
SHRIASHOKKATARIA(Alternate )
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd, Mumbai SHRJA. K. BHAN
SHRJG. BASKARA(NAlternate 1)
SHRIGANESHG. (Allernale 11)
Indian Additives Ltd, Chennai SHRiR. A. RAO
SHRJG. S. RAMCHANDRA(ANlternate )
Indian Institute of Petroleum, Debra Dun SHRIA. K.JAIN
SHRIR. L MENOIRATT(AAlternate )
lndian Institute of Technology. Kanpur PROFD. KUNZRIJ
PROFB. P. PUNDIR(Alternate )
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (Marketing Division), Mumbai SHRJP. D. BAHUKHANDI
DRT. K. DE(A/ternafe )
IndianOilCorporationLtd ( R and D Centre ), Faridahad SHRIR.K.MALHOTRA
SHRIB. S. RAWA(TAlternate )
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (Rand PDivision ),New Delhi SHRJS.P.GOEL
SHRIC. SHANKAR(Alrernate )
KochiRefineriesLtd,AmbalamugalErnakrrlam SHRJC. 1. ROY
SHRJV.PAILY(Alternate )
Lubrizol India Ltd, Mumbai SHRJS.-J. lNAMOAR
SHRIV.P. WAGH(A[ternate )
MangaloreRefineryandPetro-ChemicalLtd,Mangalore SHRIS.RAMESH
SHRIP. P.UPADHYA(YA/ternate )
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, New Delhi SHRJD. P.DHALL
Motor Industries Co Ltd, Bangalore SHRIA. P.GERAIW
SHRIA. FREDRK-K(Alternate)
Petroleum Conservation Research Association, New Delhi SHRIA. K.GOEL
Reliance Petroleum Limited. Mumbai SHRIN. S. MU~THY
SHRIASHOKDHAR(A/ternate )
Society of lndian Automobile Manufacturers, New Delhi SHRIK. K. GANDHI
Ms DEEPTISINGH(Alternate )

Steel Authority of India Ltd, New Delhi SHRJG. CHAKRAVARTY
Tata Motors Ltd, Pune SHRIR.SAMPATH
5