IS 1448-147: Methods of test for petroleum and its products, Part 147: Determination of potential gum in motor gasoline

10 Pages·1998·1 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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IS 1448-147 (1998): Methods of test for petroleum and its
products, Part 147: Determination of potential gum in motor
gasoline [PCD 1: Methods of Measurement and Test for
Petroleum, Petroleum Products and Lubricants]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee””
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै”
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

IS 1448 [P :147]:1998
REAFFIRMED

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Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR PETROLEUM AND ITS
PRODUCTS
[P : 147]
DETERMINATION OF POTENTIAL GUM
IN MOTOR GASOLINES
res
75.080
©BIS 1998
BUREAU OF INDIAN ST ANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
May 1998 PriceGroup 2
AMENDMENT NO. 1 NOVEMBER 2004
TO
IS 1448 (PART 147) : 1998 METHODS OFTEST FOR
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
[P: 147]
DETERMINATION OFPOTENTIALGUM IN MOTOR
GASOLlNES
(Page3,clause12)- Substitutethefollowing fortheexistingmatter:
<Theresultof two determinationson the same sampleshould not differ by more
than theamountgiven below:
3
Potentialgum,glm Repeatability Reproducibility
Upto50 20 30
51 - 100 30 40
101-200 40 60
r rcn ri
ReprographyUnit,BIS,NewDelhi,India
MethodsofMeasurementandTestforPetroleum,PetroleumProductsandLubricantsSectional Committee.PCD 1
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard[P:147] wasadopted bytheBureau ofIndian Standards. afterthedraft finalized by the
MethodsofMeasurementandTestforPetroleum, Petroleum Products andLubricantsSectional Committeehad
been approved bythePetroleum,Coal andRelated Products Division Council.
This Indian standard is primarily based on ASTM D 873-88 Standard test method for oxidation stability of
aviation fuels (Potential Residuemethod) issued bytheAmericanSociety forTesting andMaterials(USA).
In-reportingtheresultofthetestmadeinaccordancewiththisstandard. ifthefinalvalue,observedorcalculated.
isto berounded off, it shall bedone inaccordance withIS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding offnumerical values
(revised).'
IS1448[P :147] :1998
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR PETROLEUM AND ITS
PRODUCTS
[P : 147]
DETERMINATION OF POTENTIAL GUM
IN MOTOR GASOLINES
1 SCOPE solution in the aged fuel and as the toluene acetone
soluble portion of the deposits on the glass sample
Thistestmethoddescribes determination ofpotential
container.Thepotentialgumisobtained asn-heptane
guminmotorgasolines.
insoluble portion of evaporation residue obtained by
2 NORMATIVEREFERENCES evaporatingtheagedfuelalongwiththewashingfrom
theglasssamplecontainer, understandardconditions
The following Indian Standards contain provisions
ofthetest.
which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisionsofthisstandard. Atthetimeofpublication 5 APPARATUS
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
5.1 ForOxidationofSample
subjecttorevision,andpartiestoagreementsbasedon
the standard are encouraged to investigate the Oxidation bath, oxidation bomb, Glass sample
possibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthe container and cover, Bomb Accessories, Pressure
standardsindicatedbelow: Gauge and needle valve, Thermometers, same as
prescribed inMethod AofIS 1448[P:28].
ISNo. Title
5.2 ForDeterminationofEvaporationResidue
170: 1986 Acetone (thirdrevision)
Evaporation bath,Flow meter,Glass beaker,Cooling
1447: 1966 Methods ofsampling ofpetroleum
vessel,Thermometer,Balance, same asprescribed in
anditsproducts
IS 14481P :29].
1448 Methods of test for petroleum and
6 MATERIALS
itsproducts
6.1 GumSolvent
[P:28]: 1985 Oxidation stability of motor
gasoline andaviation fuels(second A mixture of equal volume of reagent grade toluene
revision) (seeIS 1839)andacetone(seeIS 170).
[P:29] : 1982 Existent gum in fuels by jet 6.2 Air-Filtered
evaporation (second revision)
Supplied atapressure notmorethan 345mbar(34.5
1839: 1961 'Toluene,reagentgrade kPa).
3 OUTLINEOFTHETESTMETHOD 6.3 n-Heptane
The sample isoxidised ina bomb in thepresence of Knock test grade, conforming to the following
oxygenforfourhoursunderprescribedtestconditions. requirements:
The oxidised gasoline is evaporated and n-heptane Density at20°C,Kg/m3 683.80 ± 0.15
insolubleportionofevaporation residueisreportedas Distillation:
potentialgum. Temperatureof50percent 98.42'7±0.025
recovery,°c
4 TERMINOLOGY
Temperatureincreasefrom 0.020
For the purpose of this method, the following
20to80percentrecovery,"C,Max
definitions shallapply.
Freezingpoint,°cMin -90.71
4.1 PotentialGum Refractive indexat20°C 1.38770 ±
Deterioration products presentattheendofaspecific 0.00015
ageing period. These deterioration products exist in Octanenumber 0.0 ±0.2
IS 1448[P :147]:1998
7 SAMP~ING morethan5°C from155°Cisnotsuitableforstandard
tests.
Sampling shall be done in accordance with the
procedure for oxidation stability asprescribed in8.8 Heat the evaporating bath to the operating
ofIS 1447. temperatures givenbelow:
8 PREPARATION OFAPPARATUS Testconditions ofoperating evaporationbath
Sample Vaporizingmedium Operating
8.1 OxidationofSample
,temperature, °C ,
8.1.1 Thoroughly clean a glass sample container to Bath Test well
remove traces ofany adhering material.Immerse the Motorgasoline Air 160-165 150-160
containeranditscover foratleast6hoursinchromic
Introduceairtoapparatusandregulatetheflowrateto
acidsolution.Removethemfromthecleaningsolution
bymeansofcorrosion-resistantsteeltongsandhandle give 1000±150mIls atoperatingtemperature.
onlywithtongsthereafter.Washthoroughlyfirstwith 8.2.2 Wash the beakers, tare as well as sample
tap water andthen withdistilled water, anddryinan beakers, with the gum solvent until free from gum.
oven at 100°C to 150°Cfor 1hour.Cool thesample Rinsethoroughly withwaterandimmerse themforat
containerandcovers toroomtemperature. least 6 hours in chromic acid cleaning solution/or
suitabledetergent solution. Remove thebeakers from
8.1.2 Drain any fuel from the bomb and wipe the
cleaningsolutionbymeansofcorrosionresistantsteel
inside of the bomb and lid, first with a clean cloth
tongandhandleonly withtongs thereafter. Wash the
moistened withgumsolventandthenwithacleandry
beakers thoroughly first with tap water then with
cloth.Remove, anygumorgasolinefromtheannular
distilledwateranddryinanovenat 150°Cforatleast
space between the filler rod and stem with gum
onehour.Coolthe beakers for 2hours inthecooling
solvent. Occasionally remove thefiller rod andstem
vesselplacedinthevicinityofthebalance.Weighthe
andcarefully cleanbothstemandrod.Alsocleanthe
tare beaker and the sample beakers tothe nearest
needle valve, the quick release aircoupling and all
linesleadingtothebomb.Thebomb,thevalveandall 0.1mg.
connecting lines shall be thoroughly dry before each
9 PROCEDURE
testisstarted.
9.1 Oxidationofthe Sample
8.1.3 If a thermostatically controlled constant
temperature oxidation bath is used, adjust the 9.1.1 Bringthebomb,glasssample container andthe
temperature to 100.0±0.1°c andmaintainit within fueltobetestedtoatemperatureof 15to25°C.Place
thistemperature rangeforthedurationofthetest. the glass sample container in the bomb and add
100 ±1 ml of sample. Cover the sample container,
8.1.4 Ifaboiling wateroxidation bathisused,adjust
closethebomb,andusingaquickreleaseair-coupling,
the temperature within the range of99.5 to 100.5°c
introduceoxygenuntilapressureof680to703kPais
bytheadditionofwaterorahigherboilingliquidsuch
attained. Allow thegas inthebomb toescape slowly
as ethylene glycol. Factors are given in Table 1 to
through the needle valve at a rate not to exceed 345
adjust the 4 hour ageing time ifthe bath temperature
kPa/min. Repeat the charging and exhausting of the
atthestartofthetestdeviates from 100°C.
oxygen once more in order to flush out the air
8.2 AssemblyofAir-jetApparatus originally present. Introduce oxygen again until a
pressureof689to703kPaisattained andobservefor
Set up the air-jet apparatus as shown inFig. 1of leaks, ignoring an initial rapid drop in pressure
IS 1448 [P : 29]. With the apparatus at room (generally notover41.4 kPa),which can beobserved
temperature, adjust the airflow to givearateof 600 because of the solution of oxygen In the sample.
mils for the outlet under test. Check the remaining Proceed withthetestiftherateofpressure drop does
outlets for uniform air flow. Make necessary notexceed 13.8kPain10min,assumetheabsenceof
adjustments to individual outlets if the rate differs leaksandproceed withthetest.
bymorethan600±90mils.
9.1.2 Place the charged bomb in the described
8.2.1 Toputtheapparatusinoperation,applyheatto oxidation bath, being careful to avoid shaking and
the bath and when its temperature reaches 160°C, record the time of immersion as the starting time.
introduce airintotheapparatus uritilarateof 1000± Leave the bomb in theoxidation bath for the4 hours
150 dills for each outlet is reached. Measure the ageing time. Ifa boiling water bath is used and the
temperature ineachwellwiththethermometerplaced temperature atthestartofthetest variesfrom 100°C,
withthebulbrestingonthebottomofthebeakerinthe adjust the 4 hours ageing time by the correction
well. Any well having a temperature that differs by factorsgiveninTable 1.
2
IS 1448 [P :147] : 1998
Table1AgeingtimeCorrectionFactors 9.2.4 To each beaker containing the residue.from
(Clauses 8.104and 9.1.2) oxidised gasoline add 25 ml of n-heptane and swirl
gentlyfor30seconds.Treatthetarebeakerinthesame
Temperature,DC CorrectionFactor manner.Allow themixturetosettle for 10minutes.
99.5 1.06
99.6 1.04 9.2.5 Decant and discard the n-heptane solution,
99.7 1.03
takingcaretopreventtheremoval ofanysolidresidue.
99.8 1.02
99.9 1.01
9.2.6 Repeat theextraction with a second portion of
100.0 1.00
100.1 0.99 25 mlof n-heptane in thesame manner asdescribed
100.2 0.98 in9.2.4and9.2.5.Iftheextractiscoloured,repeatthe
100.3 0.97 extraction withthirdportion (25m!)ofn-heptane.
100.4 0.96
100.5 0.95
9.2.7 Place the beakers including the tare, in the
NOTE - To obtain the correct ageing time at the operating
evaporation bath maintained at 160 to 165°C and
temperature. multiplythe4hours time specified for IOODCby
withoutreplacingtheconicaljets,allowthebeakersto
thecorrectionfactor.
dryforfiveminutes.
9.1.3 At the completion of the period of oxidation,
9.2.8 At the end of the drying period, remove the
removethebombfromthebathandcoolrapidly with
beakersfromthebath,placetheminthedesiccatorand
waterwhilethecharging valveisstillclosed. Release
allowtocool inthe vicinity ofthe balance for atleast
thepressure slowly. Takethebombapartandremove
2hours. Weigh thesample beakers and tare beaker to
thesamplecontainer.
thenearest0.1 mg.
CAUTION - Release the pressure through the
needlevalveatarate nottoexceed345kPalmin. 10 CALCULATION
9.2 DeterminationofPotentialGum
Calculatethepotential gum ofgasolineasfollows:
9.2.1 Transfer theoxidised fuelfromtheglass bomb Combine the results obtained separately determined
liner to two glass evaporation beaker for the residues in two evaporation beakers as the potential
determination ofpotential gum asgiven in9.2.2. gum.
9.2.2 Add the oxidised fuel to two sample beakers 11 REPORTING
approximately half ineach beakers. Placethesample
beakerandtarebeaker intheevaporation bath.When Report the potential gum to the nearest g/m3 as
evaporating samples by means of air. replace the potential gum,heptane washed.
conicaljet, maintainthetemperatureandtherateofair
12 PRECISION
flowofthetest.Allowtheevaporation for20minutes.
Wash the interior of the glass bomb liner twice with
Theresultsoftwodeterminationsonthesamesample
10mlportions of gum solvent toremove gums from
should not differ by more than the amount given
theglass liner. Add theequal amount of washings to
below:
sample evaporation beakers and evaporate under the
sameoperating conditions foranother 10minutes. Potentialgum, glm3 Repeatability Reproducibility
Up to50 2 3
9.2.3 Attheendofheatingperiodtransferthebeakers
51- 100 3 4
from the bath to the desiccator and allow to cool at
101-200 4 6
roomtemperature for45 minutes.
3
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ThisIndianStandard has beendeveloped from Doc: No. peD 1( 1538).
AmendmentsIssuedSince Publication
Amend No. Date ofIssue TextAffected
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